AI en Translation, Pages 201-225
Page 201
AS REQUESTED BY YOU PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING ADDRESSES.
(1) Mr, E.E.E. Sassoon.
3 Fazel Road, Colaba.
(2) Mr, Jacob E.E.Sassoon.
3 Fazel Road, Colaba.
(3) Mr, G. H. Hillel.
Donald House,Barrow Road,
Apollo Bunder.
(4) Mr, S. S. Gourgey.
20 Abubaker Mansions,
Opposite Hotel Majestic.
Fort.
(5) Mr, N.R. Peress.
1-39Kamal Mansions.
Arthur Bunder Road,
Colaba.
⟦illegible⟧
Page 202
2699
26 April 934
28
The Honorable and Distinguished Yaqub Effendi Shaul Shamshua
Bombay
After greetings and respect,
I have received with thanks your letter dated 13 April 934, in which
you enclosed a money order for the amount of fifteen Dinars as a donation to the hospital.
I hope to enclose herewith the receipt for the amount, thanking you on behalf of the poor
patients - may you remain a supporter of charitable purposes.
⟦signature⟧
Sasson
Head of the Community
Sasson Kadoori
President of the Jewish Community - Baghdad
Sasson Kadoori
President of the Israelite Community in Baghdad
SASSON KADOORI
BAGHDAD
1933
PRESIDENT OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY
Page 203
Presidency of the Jewish Community - Baghdad
Presidency of the Israelite Community
PRESIDENT OF
THE JEWISH COMMUNITY - BAGHDAD
Baghdad
Number: 2689
NO::
Date: 15 Muharram 353 and 29 April 934
DATE::
Subject:
SUBJECT:
His Excellency the Honorable Minister of Interior
After greetings and respect
It is not hidden from Your Excellency's keen insight that the efforts of the Israelite Community administration
have been directed for a year toward the general and comprehensive reform of the Meir Elias Hospital, covering the building, technical
tools, administration, and medical treatment. The many complaints that used to emanate from the Directorate of Public Health
regarding this hospital have almost vanished as a result of the extraordinary efforts exerted by the community for the sake of
introducing the necessary reforms to this hospital until it became one of the hospitals that provides
undeniable services to public health.
The steady improvement that the hospital has achieved during the last year has generated
confidence in the hearts of the patients, so the demand for it increased steadily to the point that Dr. Sostman, the hospital director,
is no longer able to manage the work alone without the assistance of a second doctor. Therefore, we have seen - in view of
what we know of Your Excellency's sympathy for this charitable hospital - to request Your Excellency's permission
before negotiating with a foreign doctor specializing in internal medicine to employ him in the hospital with
Dr. ⟦illegible⟧
Furthermore, since specialist doctors are currently found in abundance in
Germany and can be employed for wages that do not cost the hospital fund exorbitant expenses, we will seek to obtain
a specialist from Germany.
With Your Excellency's highest respect
Hand
⟦illegible⟧
President of the Community
Page 204
⟦2689⟧
10 - Number 353 and 29 April 934
⟦15 Muharram 1353⟧
His Excellency the Respected Minister of Interior
After greetings and respect
It is not hidden from Your Excellency's brilliant insight that the Administrative Committee of the Jewish Community
has been dedicated for a year to the general and comprehensive reform of the Meir Elias Hospital, covering the building, technical
equipment, administration, and medical treatment. The many complaints that used to emanate from the Directorate of Public Health
regarding this hospital have almost disappeared as a result of the immense efforts exerted by the community for the sake of
introducing the necessary reforms to this hospital, until it became one of the hospitals that provides undeniable services
to public health.
The steady improvement that the hospital has achieved during the last year has generated
confidence in the hearts of the patients, so the demand for it increased steadily to the point that Dr. Somikh, the hospital director,
is no longer able to manage the work alone without the assistance of a second doctor. Therefore, we have seen - in view of
what we know of Your Excellency's sympathy for this charitable hospital - to request Your Excellency's permission
before negotiating with a foreign doctor specializing in internal medicine to employ him in the hospital alongside
the doctor.
Furthermore, since specialist doctors are currently found in abundance in
Germany and can be employed for wages that do not cost the hospital fund exorbitant expenses, we will seek to obtain
a specialist from Germany.
With Your Excellency's highest respect
⟦signature⟧
⟦at⟧
Head of the Community
Page 205
⟦2747⟧
27 Muharram 353 and 1 May 934
His Excellency the Respected Minister of Interior
After greetings and respect
In our letter No. 2689 dated 15 Muharram 353 and 29 April 934, we drew the attention of
Your Excellency to the fact that the efforts of the Jewish Community administration have been directed for a year toward reforming Meir Elias Hospital
a general and comprehensive reform covering the building, technical equipment, administration, medical treatment, and ⟦...⟧
The many complaints that used to emanate from the Directorate of Public Health regarding this hospital
have almost disappeared as a result of the extraordinary efforts made by the community to introduce the necessary
reforms to this hospital until it became one of the hospitals that provides undeniable services
to public health.
And that the steady improvement that the hospital has achieved during the last year has generated
confidence in the hearts of the patients, so the demand for it increased steadily to the point that Dr. Sustman, the director of
the hospital, is no longer able to manage the work alone without the assistance of a second doctor. Therefore,
we have seen, in view of what we know of Your Excellency's sympathy for this charitable hospital, to request
Your Excellency's permission before negotiating with a foreign doctor specializing in internal medicine to employ him
in the hospital alongside the current doctor.
We also mentioned that since specialist doctors are currently found
in abundance in Germany and can be employed for wages that do not cost the hospital fund exorbitant expenses,
we will seek to obtain a specialist from Germany.
Since Your Excellency's response has not reached us yet, and this matter is important for the
hospital, we have come to reiterate to Your Excellency our aforementioned letter in the hope that you will kindly grant us the ⟦necessary⟧
authorization. To Your Excellency, thanks and respect.
⟦Sassoon⟧
Head of the Community
Page 206
⟦illegible⟧
362 on 5 April 926 p 656 p 76
To His Excellency the Honorable Sole Judge
Through the Honorable Justice of the Peace of Baghdad
Further to our letter 362 on 5 April 926 p 656 and p 51 and on 28 March 926 regarding the aforementioned
And in our capacity as agents for the heirs of the late Ezekiel Ezra Lulu, the judges of the courts in front of our jurisdiction and as required
And since in our statement made before you in the petitions that the aforementioned had submitted to open a file for him as one of the rights holders
And in our capacity that, based on the claim of our opponent in his lawsuit from the Rusafa Court division in the court petitions that
That house belonging to the deceased in the court jurisdiction was not addressed by the court jurisdiction according to what you submitted for our statement at the time
Since our opponent, according to what he claims in the court petitions, is a guardian of the heirs, and in our capacity that, based on the requirements
Based on his status
Due to the ownership of the heirs of the late Ezekiel Ezra Lulu and in our capacity by right and based on the claim of our opponent in his lawsuit and since
Based on his desire in our petitions that the heirs of Qabila Salon, the Rabia body of the Salma family, and according to the papers in the cases
In the name of the body of the heirs of the late Qadah Al-Suwaid, not hinted at and referred to at the time, and based on my status as a claimant and in our capacity
In our capacity as our return and in our capacity that, based on a claim from the heirs of Khawaja Ezekiel and as required for the purpose of
Assisting him as happened previously for him by returning to preserve his papers and based on the court's judgment, the desire of the heirs of the Khawaja
And according to the courts and based on and in our capacity and based
Requires returning regarding these rights as guardians, just as these papers, as long as they were based on property to open
The jurisdiction of the inheritance of the right and in our capacity, an oversight occurred from him as it appears it was not obtained within the transactions in the cases of the court heirs
Based on the degree of rights and based on what we obtained and according to the languages
Since the cases of the late Ezekiel from him N L N as language papers and since the heirs of the Khawaja N L L Salih
In the competent courts, it was not followed by a rejection, and based on what the heirs of the Khawaja relied on from languages to open and in our capacity
And God is the guarantor of the right and based on the heirs of the Khawaja ⟦illegible⟧
On behalf of
Judges of the courts in Baghdad
Page 207
2778
⟦14 June 934⟧
17 June 934
The honorable and virtuous notable Yusuf Effendi Abraham Abdul Aziz, respected
Bombay
After greetings and respect
I have received with gratitude your letter dated March 31, 934, which you sent
enclosing a money order for the amount of fifty rupees as a donation to the hospital
I hope to enclose the receipt for the amount, thanking you on behalf of the poor
patients - may you remain a help to charitable institutions
Levi
Aaron
Head of the Community
Page 208
780
2. MOUNT STREET.
18 June 934
To the honorable lawyer Salman Effendi Shina, respected
After greetings
I present to you the appeal brief regarding the lawsuit filed by you
on behalf of Meir Elias Hospital and Jassim bin Al-Haj Muhammad Al-Hajika against the Baghdad Awqaf Department
which I was notified of yesterday
⟦signature⟧
The Secretary
⟦illegible⟧ YEHOUDA HESKEL
⟦scribbles⟧
⟦illegible red stamp⟧
8772
13 ⟦October⟧ 81
26 January 71
The Honorable Director of the Jewish Hospital, Respectfully
Kind greetings
On the occasion of the blessed Eid al-Adha, please accept our warm congratulations
Wishing you continued health and happiness, and for the hospital progress and prosperity
Please accept our highest respect and appreciation
Sincerely
Schools Committee
⟦illegible signature/mark⟧
Page 209
2, MOUNT STREET
⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
To the Chairman of the Hospital Management Committee
Greetings,
We kindly request your approval for the disbursement of ⟦illegible⟧ Dinars monthly
in the name of the nurse ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ in exchange for performing her duties
starting from ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧
Accountant
YEHOUDA HERZEL
⟦illegible red stamp⟧
Page 210
278
2 MOUNT STREET
1 Kadoorie 284
To the honorable, the distinguished, the refined... Mordechai ⟦...⟧
The respected
After greetings and salutations
I saw your letter dated 6 Av, in which you mention 6 Shawwal 8 Dinars
To your presence from the hands of ⟦...⟧ for the purpose of helping the sick of the hospital and it was received
Kadoorie and the delivery in
If the matter is so ⟦...⟧ in the hospital ledger from your side
And this is what is necessary ⟦...⟧ and may the Creator protect you and prolong your glory
9-11-20
Sincerely
Servant of the Hospital
The Jewish [Hospital] in Iraq
⟦...⟧
YEHOUDA HESKEL
⟦illegible⟧
Page 211
287
S. MOUSSA GABAY
Moussa Gabay
BAGHDAD
Baghdad on 5 November 1933
The Respected
The Honorable Presence
President of the Respected Hospital Committee
After greetings and inquiring about your dear health, we inform you
that Dr. Elias Cohen for the hospital
has accepted the appointment
and has commenced work as of today's date
5 November 1933 - and may you remain for the benefactors
S. MOUSSA GABAY
Moussa Gabay
BAGHDAD
5/11/1933
The Petitioner
Moshe Gabay
⟦illegible flourish⟧
⟦illegible red stamp⟧
Page 212
P.S.
<del>support in such a constrained circumstance, by contributing the</del>
required amount.
It is no easy task to enumerate the too many aids and assist-
ances that the poor of our community receive from this Hospital
which is the only institution of its kind here, and we feel confident
that you will be glad to consolidate the work of one of the most
beloved and respected man of our community and thus keep his name
remembered for ever by every one of the Jewish Community.
Please accept my best thanks on behalf of the Jewish Community
and my best wishes for your prosperity.
⟦illegible⟧
President of
The Jewish Community,
Baghdad.
Page 213
2749
March 28, 934
To the great benefactor, the virtuous and notable Shaul Effendi Hakham Heskel, the respected
⟦Presidency of the Jewish Community in Baghdad⟧
⟦Private Office⟧
⟦Number⟧
⟦Date⟧
After greetings and respect,
Your generous and noble hands, which you continue to extend to aid your community
in numerous circumstances, and your brilliant generosity which you have bestowed upon the members of your community at various times,
have set our tongues and the tongues of all members of the community free with immense gratitude and prayers for your success
and permanent prosperity. But what thanks and what prayers can fulfill even a small part of the duty of gratitude
that the Jewish community in Iraq holds for your noble person in particular and for all members of
your noble family in general.
Your Hatem-like generosity insisted that you assist the community in the renovation of
Meir Elias Hospital, so you donated an X-ray machine to the hospital. It is a fortunate coincidence that this
is completed at a time when all our efforts are directed toward improving the hospital's condition and making it
beneficial, and providing technical equipment and tools in it. It is no secret that the desired benefit from this
device is very great for the sick and the poor.
Therefore, I hope to offer to your Excellency the duty of thanks on my behalf and on behalf of the Jewish
community, which will record your kindness with the ink of pride and glory. May you remain a guardian of blessings,
and remain with all respect.
On behalf of
President of the Community
Page 214
Telephone No. | Founders of the Medical House Company - Baghdad | Telephone No.
Jewish Hospitals Committee | JEWISH HOSPITALS COMMITTEE
(Meir Elias Hospital and Rimah Khedouri Eye Hospital | ( Meir Elias Hospital, Rimah Khedouri Eyes
and Dar-el-Shifa Pharmacy) | Hospital & Dar-el-Shifa Pharmacy. )
Baghdad | BAGHDAD.
Established / Established: 1884 / 1884
No. / Number:
Date / Date: Baghdad on August 12 / 1934.
Subject / Subject:
To:-
His Excellency the President of the Jewish Community, Respected
Baghdad.
After greetings.
It is not hidden from your Excellency that the Roentgen ray machine (X-ray) donated by the great benefactor
the late Shaul Hakham Heskel to the Meir Elias Hospital has been installed in the place recently constructed
for this purpose, and nothing remains for its operation and benefit except the appointment of a specialist in this art.
Furthermore, the Meir Elias Hospital has expanded greatly in recent times so that it now houses
no less than 70 patients daily at the present time, excluding the expansions intended to be carried out in
the coming year, which if completed, the number of patients who can be admitted to the hospital will be between
90 and 100 patients.
It has come to the attention of this committee that such a hospital cannot be left without a specialist
in the art of analysis as it is now, especially since its current director, Dr. Sustman, has noted more than once
this deficiency and emphasized that the presence of a permanent specialist of this kind in the hospital is a very necessary matter.
This committee, after deliberating on these matters thoroughly, agreed to employ one specialist
who is knowledgeable in these two interests, namely the Roentgen ray interest and the analysis interest, and since according
to what has reached us that there are many specialist doctors of this kind in Germany and they can be employed
at very low wages, we request your Excellency to mediate with the competent authorities to obtain the necessary permission
to bring a ⟦doctor⟧ specialist for this purpose, and to your Excellency further respect.
⟦illegible⟧
The President
2735
26 July 86
His Excellency, the Acting Head of the Jewish Community in Baghdad, Respected
Through the Hospital Committee
In my capacity as Director of Meir Elias Hospital, affiliated with the Israelite Hospital Association,
I am honored to submit this report on the current state of the hospital and the deterioration it has reached,
as well as the financial and administrative negligence that has caused the loss of stability in this hospital, which had been highly regarded since
its founding. The purpose of this report is to draw Your Excellency's attention to what this hospital has reached
due to the actions of the current Hospital Committee and its illegal interference in the hospital's management and its interference
in technical matters that are within the jurisdiction of the hospital's medical administration, which led to the deterioration of
medical services in the hospital and the decline of its level to a degree that does not befit the reputation of this
ancient hospital and its long history in serving the members of the community and the nation in general. The
financial situation of the hospital has become deplorable due to financial mismanagement and the
absence of precise financial oversight over expenditures and revenues, which led to a large financial deficit
threatening the hospital's continuation in providing its services to patients.
I appeal to Your Excellency for swift intervention to save this great medical landmark from collapse
and to take the necessary measures to restore matters to their proper course and ensure the continuity of
work in the hospital in a way that serves the interests of the patients and the members of the community.
With appreciation
Hospital Director
Page 215
Presidency of the Jewish Community
Presidency of the Jewish Community - Baghdad
PRESIDENT OF
THE JEWISH COMMUNITY - BAGHDAD
Baghdad
Number :: 2879
NO::
Date :: 15 August 1934
DATE::
Subject:
SUBJECT:
His Excellency the Director General of Health, Respected
I hope to inform Your Excellency that the X-ray machine has been installed in the special place
recently built for it, and nothing remains for its operation and benefit except the appointment of a specialist in
this art. Furthermore, Meir Elias Hospital - as is not hidden from Your Excellency - has
expanded greatly in the last year, as it now accommodates no less than seventy patients per day.
This is with the observation that this number will rise to ninety or a hundred patients daily
as a result of other expansions intended to be made in the coming year. Also, Meir
Elias Hospital cannot remain at the present time without a specialist in the art of analysis, as the presence
of a permanent specialist in the hospital of this kind is a very necessary matter.
The Jewish Hospitals Committee has found that the interest necessitates the employment of one
specialist who is familiar with both arts, meaning Roentgen rays and analysis, and since specialists
of this kind are now present in abundance in Germany and can be employed at very low wages,
we hope Your Excellency will hereby give us permission to bring in a specialist for this purpose.
With respect to Your Excellency,
⟦illegible⟧
President of the Community
Page 216
2879
August 15, 1934
His Excellency the Director of Public Health, Respected Sir,
I would like to inform Your Excellency that the X-ray machine has been installed in the special location
recently built for it, and nothing remains for its operation and benefit except the appointment of a specialist in
this art. Furthermore, Meir Elias Hospital - as is not hidden from Your Excellency - has
expanded greatly in the last year, as it now houses no less than seventy patients per
day, noting that this number will rise to ninety or one hundred patients daily
as a result of other expansions intended to be made in the coming year. Also, Meir
Elias Hospital cannot remain at the present time without a specialist in the art of analysis, as the presence of
a permanent specialist in the hospital of this kind is a very necessary matter.
The Jewish Hospitals Committee has found that the public interest necessitates the employment of one
specialist who is knowledgeable in both arts, meaning Roentgen rays and analysis, and since specialists
of this kind are now plentiful in Germany and can be employed at very low wages,
we request Your Excellency hereby to give us permission to bring a specialist for this purpose.
With respect to Your Excellency,
Sassoon
Head of the Community
Page 217
2785
March 6, 36 B 51
The Honorable Respected Head of the Community
After greetings and respect, we present within this letter of ours the report submitted to us by the resident physician, stating that the physician
responsible for the Israeli Hospital found his eyes pained, and our visitors have increased, and we are no longer able to carry out
the tasks assigned to us. Accordingly, it is necessary to appoint a second physician to assist us in that. Accordingly,
and since we wish to expand the scope of our work and have found a precious opportunity these days, as we suggested in our previous
means regarding opening an outpatient clinic for the hospital, and since the assistant physician we suggested is the brother of the hospital's
business manager, it is possible to bring in a large portion of the patients who used to visit us previously in our clinic,
supporting that our desire is in the interest of the community, and that the amounts spent will be returned to us. Since the physician used to work for us
previously and without a salary, and since we see that this physician is the most suitable to perform the aforementioned tasks.
After research and scrutiny, it became clear to our council that the statement made by our assistant physician in the past has proven completely correct.
Accordingly, we decided to meet with the administrative council and present our will in this matter to it, or let your esteemed council
decide what it deems appropriate. Accordingly, we hope that the aforementioned physician will be appointed, and we also hope that your Excellency will inform us
of your final decision for the benefit of the hospital and the utility we see in this matter. Many thanks to you.
Peace in conclusion.
On behalf of
Al-Wali City Hospital
Page 218
August 16, 1934
The Honorable Dr. Tokar
At Mar Elias Hospital
After greetings and respect,
The bearer of this letter is Yusuf Effendi Levi, the accountant of the Communal Council.
I request that you treat his daughter Violet free of charge. With respect,
⟦Ezra⟧
Head of the Community
Page 219
2855
12 Jumada al-Akhir 353 and 21 September 934
His Excellency the Director General of Police, Respected
After greetings and respect
The Jewish Hospitals Committee in Baghdad has selected the nurse
Miss Lyuba Orleanska
⟦10. 50⟧
Augsburger Street 53 II
Berlin Germany
to be employed at Meir Elias Hospital, and after agreeing with her on the terms of employment, it became clear that
it is necessary to obtain the required permit for her arrival from Your Excellency
So I hope you will issue the necessary permit so that we can benefit from the services of this nurse
as soon as possible
With respect to Your Excellency
⟦Adel⟧
Head of the Community
Page 220
The Founders Society of the House of Healing
Baghdad
Jewish Hospitals Committee
JEWISH HOSPITALS COMMITTEE
Baghdad
BAGHDAD
Established, 1884
Established, 1884
Telephone No. : 6
Telephone No. : 6
Meir Elias Hospital
Meir Elias Hospital
Rimah Khedouri Eyes Hospital
Rimah Khedouri Eyes Hospital
Refouah Pharmacy.
Refouah Pharmacy.
No.:
Date: Baghdad, September 20, 1934
To:-
The Honorable President of the Jewish Community
Baghdad.
After offering due respect.
This committee had commissioned the doctor at Meir Elias Hospital, Dr.
Tokar, to bring a capable nurse from Germany to be employed in the aforementioned hospital.
As a result of long communications, the choice fell on employing the following nurse:
Miss Lyuba Orleanska
W. 50
Augsburger Street 53 II
Berlin
Germany.
After we finally agreed with her on the terms of employment, she recently informed us that the
competent authority in Berlin refused to give her the necessary permit for her travel to Iraq and told her
also that the hospital administration must contact the Police Directorate in Iraq to obtain
the required permit for her travel.
Please contact the competent authorities to obtain the necessary order to bring the nurse
under discussion, and with much respect to your Excellency;
The President
⟦illegible⟧
The President
The Secretary
⟦illegible⟧
Page 221
Telephone No. ⟦line⟧
Hospital Management Committee
JEWISH COMMUNITY'S
Jewish Community
HOSPITALS BAGHDAD
ESTABLISHED
Baghdad
1884
No. ⟦line⟧
Society of the Founders of the Hospital
Date 11/7/24 ⟦line⟧
Established in 1884
Baghdad
Telephone No. ⟦line⟧
Subject ⟦line⟧
To the attention of the Honorable President of the Jewish Community
Greetings and respect,
Attached is a list of the information you requested regarding the nurse, Miss "Lyuba Orlyonska."
Meir Effendi Dangoor has reviewed it, and I could not send it to you yesterday because I was unable to
obtain this information. Please accept my thanks and respect.
Administrative Officer
⟦illegible⟧
Presidency of the Jewish Community
Baghdad
Private No. 2505
Date 19 / 7 / 944
Page 222
(Miss Lydia Orleanska)
to accompany her, so he requested leave
to enter the island now because
of his illness in Mar Elias Hospital
Place of birth: Grodno, Poland
Age: 35
Nationality: Nansen Passport
Schools she attended: Lycee for the sons of Empress Marie of Russia
and in addition to the competitions she ⟦preceded⟧ in at Berlin Augusta-Victoria W
and others
Is she married: non (Single)
Her certificates: 5 dinars with four and a half dinars
Remainder
Her work: Sham (Damascus)?
Which year: In the (same) hospital?
Was she in Iraq, Syria, and Palestine? and used papers
In a hospital
Does she have relatives in Iraq: non (Beirut)
Page 223
October 14, 934
His Excellency, the Chairman of the Hospitals Committee, the Respected
After greetings,
The bearer of this letter, Salim bin Yaqub, is an active man who wishes to be employed at the hospital.
I would be most grateful if you would kindly appoint him to any suitable position. I thank you in advance and remain with respect,
Harun
Head of the Community
Filed
50
Page 224
M W 19
Property Tax Assessment Ticket
Volume 4
Ticket Number 55
District | Street No. | Door No. | Property Type | Name of Taxpayer | Annual Revenue Estimate (Rupees) | Annual Revenue Estimate (Annas) | Tax Amount (Rupees) | Tax Amount (Annas) | Remarks
Shor | 2 | 1 O | Rental House | Mir Elias Hospital | 120 | — | 12 | — |
Be it known to you that the property belonging to you has been assessed as listed above and the tax has reached 12 Rupees and — Annas
Only on 22 / 1 / 1924
⟦signature⟧
Chairman of the Property Assessment Committee
360 on 24 Jan 31
Gentlemen of the Honorable Meir Elias Hospital Committee
In our capacity as the heirs and beneficiaries above, we request you to kindly hand over to us the sum of fifteen gold pounds deposited with you in the name of
our late father Ephraim ⟦Masha⟧ according to the list deposited with you and dated back. Upon receiving this amount, we discharge you
from them
Heskiel Salman Al-Yassin
Keep