AI English Translation, Pages 201-225
sewing, reading, writing, and additional lessons, and did it come to the knowledge of the proposers that there is a project on
the verge of realization to open vocational schools for female students, and he emphasized the necessity of referring the matter to a committee to study it
before taking a decision.
Mr. Munir Dankour spoke and drew attention to the fact that the General Council does not have the right to form an association because that
is subject to a permit from the Ministry of Interior.
Mr. Anwar Shaul also spoke, praising the idea and thanking the zealous ones whose chivalry prompted them to present
this proposal, supporting Mr. Daoud Salman in the necessity of being deliberate and studying the subject thoroughly, and said that he does not see
a necessity to form a special committee, as there is the Physical Council which can study the subject and present its proposal
to the General Council. Also speaking were Mr. Yamin Murad, Salim Ishaq, and Anwar Zilkha, then the two members,
Mr. Daoud Salman and Mr. Anwar Zilkha, submitted a proposal (to refer the issue of establishing an association for the marriage of girls
to the Physical Council to study it and present its findings to the General Council). The President then put this
proposal to a vote by naming individuals, and it was accepted unanimously. Then the session was adjourned <del>⟦illegible⟧</del> to another
date to consider the remaining items of the agenda.
Head of the Community
The Israeli Lay Council
Baghdad
Number 2295
Date 4 July 1945
The Honorable Head of the Israeli Community
Greetings and respect,
Reference to your letter No. 3486 dated 14 May 1945, attached with a copy of the minutes of
the meeting of the esteemed General Council held on 22 April 1945.
Our council warmly welcomes the idea of providing assistance to poor girls for marriage, but it
did not favor assigning this task to a sub-committee because that would mean burdening the community's treasury with a new burden
which it would undoubtedly struggle with. After carefully considering the matter, the Council thought it would be better if
some zealous individuals formed a society with a legal personality authorized by the government directly,
as is the case in other charitable societies such as the Nursing Mothers Relief Society, the Foundation for the
Blind Society, and the Charitable Sewing Society. Fortunately, the Council has been able to convince the
virtuous gentlemen who proposed the idea of its viewpoint and promised them that when the society is formed, it will spare no
effort in supporting and assisting it materially and morally. Indeed, a petition requesting the necessary permit
to form a society for this purpose along with the internal bylaws was submitted to the Ministry of Interior through Your Excellency,
and we are awaiting the result of this official process so that we may approach the esteemed General Council at the appropriate
time with a request to allocate an amount in the budget to help this society achieve its goals.
Sincerely yours.
L.T.
⟦signature⟧
Tawfiq ⟦...⟧
Head of the Lay Council
Society for Aiding Poor Israelite Girls
for Marriage
Telephone Number 3924
Address: Khan Dallah al-Kabir
Marriage Aid Society
Marriage Relief
Society
Baghdad
Administration of the Lay Council - Baghdad
Number 56
Date 28 / 2 / 1946
File Number ⟦illegible⟧
Number: 44 / 12
Baghdad on: 26 / 3 / 1946
His Excellency the President of the Respected Lay Council
After offering respect.
Further to our letter No. 7 / 946 dated 24 / 1 / 1946.
Since the time has now come to organize the new budget starting from
1 / April 1946, our society requests that your esteemed council kindly place a grant
of at least five hundred dinars, as the important projects that our
society has determined to undertake require large sums of money, and bringing these
projects into effect is a very necessary matter, and our society is vigilant in carrying out
the mentioned works. We hope that you will take this issue into consideration and
provide us with the expected assistance from you as you have previously and repeatedly promised.
With further respect to your Excellency.
⟦illegible⟧ in the mentioned new budget
President of the Society
31 May 946
His Excellency the President of the Society for Aiding Poor Girls for Marriage, Respected
After greetings
Further to our letter No. 3562 dated 2 May 946
Enclosed is a check drawn to your order in the amount of twenty-five dinars (25/D) on the Ottoman Bank under number
486343 and dated 30 May 946 for the Council's allocations to your society for the months of April and May 946
Please inform us of your receipt of the attached check. Best regards.
⟦signature⟧
The President
⟦signature⟧
6/1
16
Appeal
From the Association for Aiding Poor Israelite Girls for Marriage
To the Honorable Wealthy
It is not difficult for anyone living in Iraq to realize the bad state that Iraqi Jewish girls
from poor families have reached. The girl from this class has become tossed by waves of misery that push her toward
the basest outcomes, and the matter has often ended for her in the pit of corruption. The reasons for this are known and do not require mental exertion, which is
that the poor girl always lives in financial distress and deprivation. When she approaches the age of marriage, she strikes a rock, which is
what she needs for her marriage in terms of a high dowry and the expenses resulting from marriage, of which the girl or her family may possess nothing. And then
The Israeli Lay Council
Baghdad
Number ⟦2484⟧
Date May 11, 945
Honorable Gentlemen
Ibrahim Eliyahu Shamshua
Heskel Murad, Attorney
Heskel Ezra Shamshua Mthir
Salman Ezra Salman Shahrabani
Shaul Saleh Jouri
Murad Ishaq Cohen
Yaqub Mthir Al-Saigh
After greetings and respect
With reference to your letter in which you propose the formation of a committee to help poor girls
get married and your readiness to form this committee and begin work immediately.
The Lay Council welcomed this proposal, prompted by your zeal and magnanimity, in its meeting held on May 10, 945.
The Council studied the matter thoroughly and deemed that it would be
better if you formed a society licensed by the competent authorities according to the Law of Societies,
as is the case with other charitable societies like the Nursing Mothers Aid Society, the
Blind Consolation Society, and the Charitable Sewing Society. The Council, which welcomes the formation of such a
society, will spare no effort in supporting and aiding it materially and morally.
Please accept our respects.
President
President of the Lay Council
His Excellency the President of the Respectable Sectarian Council
In Baghdad
After offering our respects
We present to your esteemed Excellency that we, the undersigned, have agreed among ourselves
in service to the community to form a committee to assist poor young men with marriage and to begin work
after the issuance of your esteemed council's approval of this request of ours, and we will immediately submit the bylaws
by which we will proceed and carry out our work according to its objectives, and therefore we hope to be granted the approval
of your esteemed council in this regard, and to you we offer our great respect
Mansour Murad
⟦signature⟧
Mansour Murad
Sadiq Gharib
⟦signature⟧
Sadiq Gharib
Salman Ezra Sharbani
⟦signature⟧
Salman Sharbani
Ibrahim Eliyahu
⟦signature⟧
Ibrahim Eliyahu
Benjamin Al-Sayegh
⟦signature⟧
Shaul Saleh Moshi
⟦signature⟧
Daoud Ishaq Youssef
⟦signature⟧
Qurban Levi Hamid
Ministry of the Interior
Directorate of Rights
Number / 22070
Date 15 / 10 / 45
30
Applicants for founding the Society for Aiding Poor Girls to Marry
Mr. Ibrahim Eliyahu Shashua and comrades
Subject / Founding a Society
With reference to your request submitted to us via the letter from the Presidency of the Israelite Community in Baghdad numbered
8294 and dated 26 / 6 / 1945
Based on the authority vested in us pursuant to Article Seven of the Law on Forming Societies
for the year 1922, we authorize you to establish a society in Baghdad under the name (Society for Aiding Poor Girls to Marry)
provided that you complete the provisions of the aforementioned law and the internal regulations attached to your request after introducing the following
modifications to it.
1- Replacing the phrase (to the Administrative Committee) mentioned in Article Four thereof with the phrase (to the Society).
2- Placing the phrase (with due regard to the provisions of these regulations) at the beginning of Article 12 thereof and adding the phrase
(provided that all of this shall not be effective except after obtaining the approval of the competent official authority
thereon) to its end.
Minister of the Interior
A copy to - Ministry of Social Affairs
With reference to its letter numbered 13581 and dated 12 / 7 / 1945.
Directorate of General Police
With reference to its letter numbered 1383 and dated 11 / 8 / 1945.
Governorate of Baghdad Province
With reference to its letter numbered 15521 and dated 3 / 10 / 1945.
Presidency of the Israelite Community in Baghdad.
True copy
⟦illegible⟧
Lawyer
ADVOCATE
Heskeil Jacob Murad
Heskeil J. Murad
Telephone Number (Office 3924) Baghdad
Tel. No. { Office 3924 } Baghdad
(Residence 7861)
Residence 7861
Date :: 17/10/45
Date ::
His Excellency the President of the Lay Council in the ⟦Baghdadi⟧ District, Respected
After greetings and respect. Due to our inability to attend the Council on Thursday evening, 18/10/45
to carry out what was decided in the meeting that follows, which is Thursday evening, 25/10/45
The matter is yours. With respect,
Lawyer
⟦signature⟧
Lawyer
⟦signature⟧
Lawyer
⟦signature⟧
Baghdad 25 / 10 / 45
No. 1 / 45
His Excellency the President of the Honorable Israeli Secular Council
After greetings and respect.
Reference to your letter No. 3484 dated May 11, 1945.
In accordance with the opinion of your esteemed council, we submitted a request to the esteemed Ministry of Interior to form
an association under the name "Association for Assisting Poor Israeli Girls for Marriage." We are pleased to provide
Your Excellency with a copy of the license No. (22070) dated October 25, 1945
which we received from the aforementioned Ministry, and we will provide your esteemed council with a copy of the internal
bylaws of the association as soon as they are printed to be kept in your files.
The goals of the association, as explained in its bylaws, are not limited to distributing money to facilitate
the marriage of poor girls, but rather aim for much more than that. Our association will strive to address
this serious social problem in a deeper and more effective manner. Among our primary objectives is
preparing the means of living for poor girls through an honorable livelihood that may help them marry and fulfill marriage
and help them live with honor if they remain unmarried. We will do our best to open institutions
to teach poor girls professions and industries as much as the association's finances allow.
While we will reach out to the public for support through fundraising and holding
charity events, we cannot dispense with the assistance that the esteemed council promised us
in its letter referred to above. Such a vast project requires a stable source of income in addition
to the irregular income that comes from donations.
Therefore, we hope that the council will meet this request with sympathy and encouragement as expected,
and decide to allocate half of the Ketubot revenues to our association. It is fair and just that
this fee, which is collected from marriage, should be spent on encouraging marriage and saving girls from the painful fate
to which they descend due to their despair of marriage and their failure to obtain an honorable livelihood that helps them
to live. We hope that the council will make this decision in time to present it to
the esteemed General Assembly upon the ratification of the 1945 / 46 budgets.
- 2 -
Furthermore, we are ready for the honor of meeting the esteemed Council at any time it
appoints for that, to give more details about our project and to clarify our viewpoint
further than this if necessary.
Please accept the assurances of our highest respect: .
⟦signature⟧
The President ⟦line⟧
Founding Body: -
President -- Heskel Murad, Lawyer
Vice President - Ibrahim Eliyahu Shashoua
Secretary and Accountant - Salman Ezra Shahrabani
Members - Heskel Ezra Shua Meir
Shaul Saleh Jouri
Murad Isaac Cohen
Yaqub Munir Al-Sayegh
Copy to:
His Excellency the Head of the Jewish Community in Baghdad, the respected
What we know of your Excellency's sympathy for this project of ours makes us fully confident
that your Excellency will exert everything in your power to support this request of ours.
7527
23 November 45
Allocation of Aid
⟦line⟧
His Excellency the President of the "Association for Aiding Poor Israelite Girls for Marriage"
Respectfully,
With reference to your letter numbered 1 / 45 and dated 15 / 10 / 945
I am pleased to inform you that our council has reviewed your aforementioned letter in its meeting
held on 22 / 11 / 945, and it thanks your association's efforts and wishes it success and prosperity
in achieving its noble goals, and it will decide on an aid for it from the community fund to be placed in the budget draft
for the new fiscal year 46 / 947 which begins on the first of April 946.
His Excellency the President
For signature please
The President
Sheikh / M
Sweet
11/24
Marriage Relief Society Baghdad
Marriage Aid Society
Society for Assisting Poor Jewish Girls
for Marriage
Telephone Number 3924
Address: Khan Dallah al-Kabir
No.: 45/2
Baghdad on 11/27/1945
His Excellency the Respected President of the Lay Council
After offering respect.
We received your letter numbered 3527 dated November 23-25, 1945.
In response, we say that our society offers its sincere thanks to your esteemed council for its interest in our project. However,
it informs you that it is in dire need of an urgent meeting with your esteemed council for necessary reasons
which we will present during the meeting. Therefore, I hope that you will allocate fifteen minutes of your esteemed council's time
during its next session to be held next Thursday, 11/29/45,
and we hope this will be in the presence of His Eminence the Head of the Community.
With our further respect to your Excellency.
⟦signature⟧
President of the Society
Marriage Relief Society Baghdad
Marriage Aid Society
Society for Aiding Poor Israelite Girls
for Marriage
Telephone Number 3924
Address: Khan Dallah Al-Kabir
6
27/11/45
Number: 2/45
Baghdad on: 27 / 11 / 1945
His Excellency the Respectable President of the Lay Council
Urgent
After offering respect.
We have received your letter numbered 3527 dated November 23 / 25, 1945.
In response, we say that our society offers your esteemed council its sincere thanks for its interest in our project. However,
it submits that it is in dire need of an urgent meeting with your esteemed council for necessary reasons
which we will present at the meeting. Therefore, I hope that you will allocate fifteen minutes of your esteemed council's time
in its next session to be held next Thursday, corresponding to 11 / 29 / 45,
and we hope that this will be in the presence of His Excellency the Chief of the Community.
With our utmost respect to Your Excellency.
⟦illegible signature⟧
President of the Society
His Excellency the President
For your kind review, please
⟦illegible signature⟧
11/27
Copy of Account
Income and Expenditures
Association for
⟦Assisting⟧ Poor Jewish Girls for Marriage
and
School of
National Sewing and Embroidery for Girls
From November 4, 1945, to May 30, 1947
With the supplement for the period from 6/1/47 to 2/29/948
Al-Sharqiya Press - Baghdad
Copy of the Account
Income and Expenses
Society for
Assisting Poor Jewish Girls for Marriage
and
The National Girls' School for Sewing and Embroidery
From November 4, 1945, to May 30, 1947
With the supplement for the period from 6/1/47 to 2/29/948
* 3 *
We also extend our special thanks and appreciation to Mr. Saleh Hayyim Shamash, who endured great troubles
and undertook difficult tasks by establishing the charity market twice, which brought to the association more than
two thousand Dinars, in cooperation with his other colleagues, most of whom are members of the
Alliance Alumni Club, including honorable young ladies and gentlemen. We also thank and appreciate the work of
Mr. Ishaq Battat and his colleagues, who did their best by holding three theatrical performances
that brought the association a good amount of money.
In conclusion, our association calls upon the honorable members of the community to be so kind as to assist it
with what their generous hands may grant and to lend it their attention, good faith, and appreciation, thus performing
one of the truest humanitarian acts to rescue these poor girls from the claws of
misery and the farces of hardship. To this noble work, we invite you and appeal to you. So help those
on earth, and He who is in heaven will have mercy on you.
The Management
Introduction
It is not hidden from you that our association was established for the purpose of rescuing poor
girls from misery and hardship, to the extent that this association can undertake the necessary
measures to reach the desired goal. It has financially assisted one hundred and fifty girls
in their marriages, and it has also established an institute "school" for teaching sewing and embroidery in addition to
the principles of reading and writing, and one hundred and fifty female students were accepted there. This institution
is proceeding well under the supervision of our association, which is satisfied with that. However, it must be explained
to you that the management and progress of this institution is a matter that requires amounts that cannot ⟦...⟧
continue as they are without them. It is worth noting that the financial aid received by
this association from the community fund is very small when compared to the required
expenses. In this situation, the association has no choice but to rely on what the honorable members of the
community donate to this humanitarian institution through financial assistance that it cannot dispense
with.
Our association offers its deep thanks to the two virtuous ladies "the wives of Mr.
Heskel Shohet and Mr. Salman Eliyahu Shaul" who took upon themselves the management of the
school's affairs from both the administrative and technical aspects, and each of them began to exert her utmost effort
to improve the status of the school and lead it to the forefront and progress. Our association urges you
to encourage the sewing work in this school for your needs of tailoring and sewing
according to the modern fashions you desire with all precision and perfection. A single visit ⟦to this⟧
institution is sufficient to prove what we have mentioned, and this encouragement for them helps with moral support ⟦in addition⟧
to its material support.
﴿ 4 ﴾
Eliyahu Jouri and Shaul Naftali | 100 |
Eliyahu Hakham Ezra Dangoor | 50 |
Edouard Yosef Abboudi | 30 |
Ibrahim Khadouri Hilali | 15 |
Anwar Bikhor | 15 |
Ibrahim Menashi Shohet | 12 |
Ibrahim Hakham Ishaq | 10 |
Albert Hoki Twena | 7 | 500
Ibrahim Rubin and Ibrahim Akka | 6 |
Elisha Sassoon Shmeil | 6 |
Ishaq Hesqel Shaya | 6 |
Eliyahu Habib Tawfiq | 5 |
Eliyahu Yaqub Fattal | 5 |
Ishaq Ibrahim Sofer | 5 |
Ibrahim Ishaq Mashal | 3 |
Ibrahim Ezra Eliyahu | 3 |
Ishaq Abed Hakham Ibrahim | 3 |
Ishaq Eliyahu Al-Sayegh | 3 |
Eliyahu Ishaq Kirkukli | 3 |
Children of Hesqel Ezra Suleiman | 3 |
Eliyahu Ezra Shweit | 3 |
Ibrahim Daoud Hashkali | 1 | 500
Ibrahim Shlomo Cohen | 1 | 500
Ibrahim Khadouri | 1 |
Ibrahim Zion Al-Sayegh | 1 |
Carried forward | 298 | 500
﴿ 5 ﴾
Previous | 298
Eliyahu Rahmin Al-Sayegh | 1
Eliyahu Heskel Shahrabani | 1
Eliyahu Lawi | 1
Beros Brothers | 20
Baruch Ovadia | 6
Jouri Daoud Salamo | 1
Hayyim Nathaniel | 40
Hanukkah Shaul Balbul and Naji Sion Habasha | 20
Heskel Ezra Shua Mthir | 12
Hayyim Yaqub Cohen and Khedhouri Cohen | 12
Hayawi Saleh Shirazi | 10
Heskel Yona Al-Sayegh | 8
Heskel Shalo and Salim Rahmani and Partners | 6
The party held at the residence of Shaul Jouri | 5
Heskel Shalo | 3
Hayyim Meir Balbul | 3
Hai Heskel Israel | 2
Heskel Arab and Menashe Yehuda | 1
Heskel Youssef Shahrabani | 1
Habiba Menashe | 1
Khedhouri Tweig and Yaqub Moshi | 6
Khedhouri Nassim Shammash | 2
Khedhouri Daoud Beneri | 1
Daoud and Korgi Salem Abdo | 30
Following | 492
﴿ 6 ﴾
Previous | 492 | 450
Daoud Nassim Cohen | 20 |
Daoud Yaqoub Sofer and Sons | 3 |
Daniel Shimon Moshi | 3 |
Daoud Saleh Gabbay | 1 |
Roubin Yehuda Zelouf | 10 |
Roubin Hesqel Ishaq | 5 |
Roubin Yaqoub Zabli and Farouq | 5 |
Roubin Yehuda Beyrers | 3 |
Roubin Haron Aghababa | 3 |
Richard Gabbay | 3 |
Roubin Moshi Abboudi | 1 |
Salem Shimon | 50 |
Via Salman Shina the Lawyer | 30 |
Selim Ishaq Daoud Zakkai | 20 |
Selim Atraqchi | 20 |
Sassoon Shamil Hakham Sassoon | 12 |
Selim Menashi Meshaal and Brothers | 12 |
Salman and Nathan Samji | 10 |
Salman L'azir Al-Ani and Sons | 10 |
Selim and Daoud Abboudi | 10 |
Salima Murad | 8 | 500
Sassoon Hesqel Dubai and Partners | 6 |
Sassoon Dubai and Rahmin Ezra | 6 |
Selim Sassoon Shina and Partner | 6 |
Following | 749 | 950
﴿ 7 ﴾
Previous | 749 | 950
Selim Shahrabani | 6 |
Salman Murad Taqu | 6 |
Selim Sassoon Sheina | 5 |
Sassoon Ezra Sheina | 5 |
Sassoon Nawi and Moshi Ishaq Rahmin | 3 |
Sassoon Yaqub Somikh | 3 |
Selim Saleh Elisha | 3 |
Selim Dawood Sultoon | 3 |
Selim Rabia | 3 |
Selim Ibrahim Musfi | 2 |
Selim Nassim Masri "Circumcision of a boy" | 2 |
Sassoon Nassim Siddiq | 2 |
Salman Ezra Shahrabani | 2 |
Selim Hoki | 1 |
Selim Nahum | 1 |
Salman Haron Yousefan | 1 |
Shamash Brothers | 50 |
Shua Zubaida | 15 |
Shalom Ezra Musfi | 10 |
Shlomo Eliahu Cohen | 9 |
Shaul and Yaqub Saleh Jouri | 6 |
Shua Yaqub Obeid | 3 |
Shlomo Ibrahim Hakham Moshi | 2 |
Shlomo Yaqub Shambi | 2 |
Following | 894 | 950
﴿ 9 ﴾
| Dinar | Fils
Brought forward | 1106 | 450
Aboudi Heskel She'aya | 5 |
Ezra Nessim Chitayat and Sons | 5 |
Abid Shalom and Co. | 4 | 500
Abdullah Yona Levi | 3 |
Abdul Aziz Aghababa and Brothers | 3 |
Abdullah Elias | 2 | 500
Ezra Dabbie and Naji Heskel Said | 1 | 500
Abdul Nabi Tweg | 1 |
Ezra Daoud Peneiri | 1 |
Ezra Shaul Hakkak | 1 |
Abdullah Shaul and Moshi Ibrahim | 1 |
Ezra Saleh Reuben | | 750
Aziz Hammo Aqrawi | | 500
Ephraim Bilbul | 12 |
Farha Ibrahim Ezra Daoud | 10 |
Ephraim and Menashi Sons of Moshi Abid | 7 | 500
Ephraim Khedhouri and Yaqub Saleh | 6 |
Ephraim Nessim Khalaschi Al-Sayegh | 1 |
Ephraim Shua Habba | 1 |
Gurji Rahmin Masri | 10 |
Gurji Zion Sheena | 10 |
Gurji Joseph Ishaq | 6 |
Gurji Saleh Chechak and Rahmin Ezra Rahmin | 6 |
Dr. Gurji Rabi | 5 |
Carried forward | 1210 | 700
* ( 8 ) *
Previous | 894 | 950
Shamil Kashi | 2 |
Shua Daboura and Partners | 1 | 500
Shalom Hesqel Sayegh | 1 | 500
Shaul Nassim Shua Qassab | 1 |
Sahib Ihsan | 17 |
Sion Sasson Ishayeq | 6 |
Saleh and Moshi Shammash | 5 |
Sion Eliahou Shamoun and Brothers | 3 |
Sadiq Al-Tamimi | 2 |
Saleh Moshi Lawi | 1 | 500
Sion Meir Dangour Sayegh | 1 |
Sion Daoud Sayegh | 1 |
Ezra Meir Hakkak | 30 |
Aziz Mirza Yaqub | 30 |
Ezra Sasson Khazzam | 25 |
Ezra Khedhouri | 24 |
Ezra Eliahou Ani | 15 |
Aboudi Khedhouri Sonier | 10 |
Ezra Eliahou Azzouri | 6 |
Ezra Moshi Abu Daoud | 6 |
Ezra Horish | 6 |
Ezra Shammash | 6 |
Aboudi Ishaq Sharabi | 6 |
Ezra Meir Daoud | 5 |
Following | 1106 | 450
Previous | 1210 | 700
Gurji Shlomo Gabbay | 3 |
Gurji Ezra Abu Daoud | 2 |
Gurji Ezra Daoud Saleh | 1 |
Murad Eliyahu Jouri | 50 |
Mukammal Brothers | 50 |
Munir Menachem Mahlab | 30 |
Menashe Ibrahim Kashi | 30 |
Munir and Menashe sons of Shaul Shashoua | 30 |
Gurji Drug Store | 20 |
Munir Shaul Ibrahim and Shantob Hamides | 20 |
Munir Saleh Ballas | 15 |
Menashe Yusuf Shmeil and Partners | 15 |
Dr. Max Makovsky | 15 |
Jouri Drug Store and Partners | 12 |
Levi Drug Store | 10 |
Moshe Eliyahu Hayek | 10 |
Moshe Shimon Isaac | 7 | 500
Moise Mar | 7 | 500
Menashe Heskel Dankour | 6 |
Menashe and Khedhouri sons of Murad Shantob | 6 |
Moshe Aboudi Hakham Eliyahu | 5 |
Menachem Daoud Qaraeen | 2 |
Moshe Rabie | 2 |
Murad Hakham Nissim | 3 |
Following | 1562 | 70