AI English Translation, Pages 301-325
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Copper - its existence. Its advantages. Its extraction. Electroplating
with copper and silver. Tin. Its existence. Its advantages.
Its extraction. Sulfur. Its existence. Its advantages. Its conditions. Its industrial
benefits. Mercury. Its existence. Its advantages. Amalgams. Silicon
and silica (silicon dioxide). Cement. Concrete
ordinary and reinforced. Clay. Pottery mortar.
Mechanics
Second Year
Two hours per week
Motion. Velocity and acceleration. Newton's laws. Units of angular
circular. Circular motion. Angular velocity. Angular
acceleration. Mass and terrestrial gravity. Force. Unit of forces
Triangle and polygon of forces. Forces in a single plane and acting
at one point or at several points. Resultant of forces in all
previous cases. Equation. Applied examples. Moment of forces.
Couple. Couple moment. Center of gravity of regular simple bodies
and surfaces. Equilibrium. Its types with tangible examples. Binding forces
and centrifugal forces.
Third Year
One hour per week
Momentum. Impulse. Elastic and inelastic collision. Friction.
Coefficient of friction on a flat and inclined surface. Energy. Its types
in brief. (Potential energy, kinetic energy). Work.
Power (their units). Elasticity. Elasticity of tension and bending
and cutting and compression. Elastic energy. (Practical applied examples
for all previous cases.
Seventh - Engineering Drawing
First Year
Two hours per week
1 - Engineering drawing for all industries
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Introduction. Explanation of drawing tools and their use. Explanation of measuring tools
and their French and English units. Basic principles and geometric definitions:
The point. The line. The surface. The solid. The angle. The geometric shape.
Drawing some simple geometric operations. Bisecting straight lines,
angles, and arcs. Erecting and dropping a perpendicular to a known straight line from
a given point. Drawing a straight line parallel to another.
Drawing simple geometric shapes. The circle. The square.
The rectangle. The rhombus. The parallelogram. The triangle. Drawing important geometric
operations regarding the following:-
Angles. Triangles. Circles passing through the vertices of a triangle. Circles
tangent to the sides of a triangle from the inside and outside. Regular polygons
(from the square to the twelve-sided polygon). Internal and external circles
of regular polygons. Tangents to circles and common tangents
to two circles. Tangency of circles with straight lines. Tangent
circles.
Note. Important geometric theorems must be pointed out
and deduced from the geometric drawing operations.
Second Year
Two hours per week
Conic sections, their important properties, and how to draw the ellipse,
parabola, and hyperbola using common methods.
Drawing projections of regular solids, which are: The cube,
rectangular prism, pyramids, cylinder, and cone
in inclined positions in space.
Sectioning the aforementioned solids with planes perpendicular to
two planes or one of the projection planes and drawing their projections,
then finding the true shapes of those sections.
Drawing geometric perspective at 30, 45 degrees for the aforementioned
geometric solids in different cases.
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Drawing of developments of simple complete and truncated geometric bodies.
Drawing of projections of intersecting surfaces of bodies in the following cases in the simplest positions
which are:
a - Right cylinder with a right cylinder
b - Right cylinder with a right cone
c - Right cylinder with a right pyramid
d - Right cylinder with a right prism
Secondly - Industrial Drawing (Mechanical Section)
First Year | Four hours per week |
| Proportional drawing of lines. Explanation and drawing of ordinary scales |
| and grid (limited to metric measurement) Explanation of points, projections and levels |
| of projection. Projection of the geometric point to determine its position in space. |
| Projection of a straight line in different positions and finding its true length and its effect |
| on all projection planes. Projection of flat geometric shapes in |
| space. |
| Drawing of projections of regular upright bodies, which are (cube, cuboid |
| and prisms, pyramids, cylinder, cone and sphere) in simple positions |
| in space. |
| Explanation and drawing of the geometric perspective on 30 5 45 and applying that to bodies |
| mentioned previously. |
| Drawing of projections of some simple bodies from a geometric perspective that is consistent |
| with the student's industry. |
| Creating simple bodies and others with straight and conical holes without |
| using drawing tools and executing sketches on drawing boards for projections |
| of these bodies. |
Second Year | Four hours per week |
| 1- Making freehand sketches from wooden or natural models with the use of |
| measuring tools for simple bodies suitable to be machine parts, and that |
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For the three views ⟦of the word⟧. Simple bracket. Connecting rod.
Cylindrical bush and flanged bush, etc...
2- Executing some of the previous sketches on drawing boards.
3- Drawing common types of rivets, threads, and nuts.
Ordinary and lock nuts, and one type of wrenches with their dimensions
on drawing boards. And drawing square and triangular threads and showing
a cut for two steps of the square thread. Types of keys.
4- Making freehand sketches from wooden or natural models with
using measuring tools for more difficult mechanical parts than the previous ones
such as an axle bearing base. A simple single drum body from one piece.
End of a connecting rod. A simple piston. Simple shaft coupling,
etc...
5- Executing some of the previous sketches on drawing boards.
6- Drawing the three views of the previous mechanical parts from a drawn perspective
on a sketch.
Third Year
Four sessions per week
1- Cycloidal curves - drawing gear teeth from a spur gear using the previous curves.
2- Making freehand sketches from models or natural pieces of parts
more difficult than those given in the second year, using measuring tools
such as an axle bearing. The big end of connecting rods with inserts
and keys. A machine vice. A safety valve with a lever. A piston
with a core. A hanging chair bracket in the ceiling. A shaft coupling with
discs. A stopper. A spherical feed valve turned. A simple double drum body with a boss.
A bevel gear and another spur gear,
etc...
3- Executing the previous sketches on drawing boards in views
and sections.
4- Drawing the three views of mechanical parts from a sketch
on the drawing boards.
Fourth Year
Six sessions per week
1- Drawing mechanical parts on boards from a sketch
in views and sections: spring-loaded safety valve. Simple regulator.
Complete double drum. And a sprayer screen.
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for a diesel or semi-diesel engine. A two-stroke diesel or semi-diesel engine cylinder. A cylinder with a liner for a gasoline engine. A steam chest with a simple slide valve or a piston valve. Complete eccentric. A single-throw crank with balance weights. A ball bearing seat, an air valve for an internal combustion engine. A movable tailstock. A lathe tracer. A two-bit drill. Horizontal internal combustion engine beds.
2- Copy a simple plate from the aforementioned plates and design it on transparent paper
or transparent cloth.
Fifth Year
Six classes per week
1- Drawing the following mechanical parts on plates in projections and sections, drawing them
for workshop implementation, individually or assembled, from prepared examples, with surface designation
of operation:-
Piston for a diesel engine, starting valve, diesel cylinder head, fuel pump
for a diesel engine, a governor with balls, a fixed tailstock for a lathe, drawing
welding bolt, drawing a lathe carriage, an American chuck for a three-jaw lathe,
assembly drawing of a piston air pump.
2- Using ink in drawing work for one of the previously mentioned plates on transparent paper
or transparent cloth.
Ninth. Industrial Sciences (Mechanical Department)
First Year
Two classes per week
1- Common metals and their uses (cast iron. wrought iron.
mild steel. carbon steel. red copper. tin. zinc.
lead. aluminum).
Differentiating between metals practically in the school labs. by scratching, oxidation,
filing, drilling, hammering, resonance, and sparking.
2- A brief explanation of the extraction of cast iron, iron, and steel from ⟦the raw material⟧ and mentioning
the furnaces used briefly and a simple schematic drawing of them.
3- Properties of the following metals in terms of specific gravity, melting point,
malleability, ductility, and thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as aspects
(14)
Uses of each of the following metals:-
Iron. Copper. Lead. Tin. Aluminum
4- Commonly used metal alloys. Their compositions and mixture ratios
briefly, and their uses, which are:
Brass. Machine parts bronze. Bell bronze. White metal alloys
for lining bushings and gaskets. Solder tin. Aircraft aluminum
car pistons.
5- Treating metals with heat and cooling and the resulting changes in
their properties from performing the following processes:-
Hardening. Annealing. Tempering. Case hardening. And care in explaining the different
colors when performing the tempering process.
One period per week.
For filing, turning, blacksmithing, and electricity.
Second Year
1- Explaining methods of mechanical motion transmission in operating machines and counting them in general
2- The following means for motion transmission:
A- Pulleys (drums), their shapes, simplest forms, various spokes
and methods of fixing them.
Fixed, loose, and stepped. Their purpose and the materials they are made of.
B- Gears (cogs): straight, bevel, worm, and gear racks
made from them and their areas of use.
C- Belts and the materials they are made of, their specifications in the commercial market,
their approximate prices, and methods of joining and welding them.
3- Detailed description of the following devices: A simple lathe for turning metals,
simple drills. A grinding stone machine for sharpening cutting tools. Detailed description
of a modern blacksmith's forge and explanation of blacksmith welding operations for types of iron and soldering
with tin. And welding with copper, silver, and oxy-acetylene. Electric welding.
One period per week
1- Motion transmission in gear engagements used in workshop machines.
A- Gear engagements with a hinged key
Third Year
For filing.
( 15 )
b - Sliding gear set engagements.
c - Norton engagement.
2 - Types of keys and their places of use
3 - Axis bearings.
a - With bits. b - With ⟦Babbitt⟧. c - With rollers.
4 - Axis couplings.
a - Disc coupling. b - Sleeve coupling. c - Flexible coupling.
d - Universal joint coupling.
5 - a - Lubricants and greases and the places of use for each. b - Common
grease cups and oilers.
6 - Drive shafts in workshops, their diameters for specific loads (only a table is given)
Appropriate dimensions between axis bearings.
7 - Different methods for supporting axis bearings.
8 - a - Screws, their types, and methods of cutting them. b - Springs, their types, materials,
and use.
9 - Types of gears:
a - Manual gears and their uses ⟦with⟧ grinding stones and methods
of operating them.
For Turning
a - Transmission of motion in gear engagements used in workshop machines.
a - Screw engagement with a hinged key.
b - Sliding gear set engagement.
c - Norton engagement
2 - Lathe tools
a - Angles of various lathe tools. b - Types of metals for lathe
tools, their chemical composition, and hardening methods. These are carbon steel,
high-speed steel "Stellite".
3 - a - Different types of screws and methods of cutting them. b - Calculating the thread
and change gears. c - Cutting French threads on an English lathe and vice versa.
d - Using the table for cutting threads on different lathes.
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4 - Different methods of turning flat surfaces.
5 - Methods of turning cylinders from the inside.
For blacksmiths
1 - Explanation of iron types and properties of each type. And its uses in industry
with samples of different iron sections to differentiate between them.
2 - Explanation of the effect of carbon and other foreign materials such as silicon and manganese
and phosphorus and sulfur on the properties of iron in terms of its quality and its workability
in cold and hot conditions.
3 - Explanation of steel types, composition, properties, and uses.
4 - Effect of carbon, chromium, nickel, cobalt, wolfram (tungsten),
and vanadium on steel properties in terms of quality, hardness, elasticity, and its endurance
to different stresses concisely.
5 - Drawing iron and steel by rolling machines into various grooves and sections
etc....
6 - Manufacture and drawing of pipes concisely.
7 - Riveting and its types. Manual and automatic riveting operations. Air pressure machine
for riveting and important rivet joints (no calculations given).
8 - Hardening, tempering, and annealing in a broader scope than studied in the second year.
9 - Knowing the temperature of heated iron or steel by simply looking at
its color. Common temperature measuring devices for furnaces.
Electricity
One class per week.
1 - Mutual induction and methods of generating induced current.
2 - Self-induction and the difference between it and mutual induction.
3 - Methods of determining the direction of the induced current in a wire that cuts magnetic field lines
perpendicularly.
4 - The electromotive force generated in a coil of wire in the form of a
rectangle rotating in the center of a magnetic field, with its ends connected to two copper
rings. Drawing the curve that shows the relationship between the magnitude of the generated
electromotive force and the movement of the coil. And proving that the current taken from this coil is an
alternating current.
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(5) Rectification of the current generated from the previous coil by connecting the two ends
to two insulated half-cylinders. Drawing the graphical curve
that shows the relationship between the generated electromotive force in this case
and the movement of the coil.
(6) The electromotive force generated from a set of coils rotating around one axis
in the center of a magnetic field, with their ends connected to parts of a single cylinder
insulated from each other. Drawing the general curve of the generated electromotive force.
(7) The basic components of DC generators, their function,
composition, and the metals from which they are made.
(8) Types of DC generators, their properties, and the method of
connecting them for use in power stations and the necessary equipment
for operation.
(9) How torque is generated in motors. The effect of back
electromotive force in motors. The benefit of using
a starting resistance for the motor.
(10) Types of motors used, their properties, and the method of
connecting them for use and the necessary equipment for operation, including how to
regulate speed and reverse direction in motors.
(11) Summary of the difference between direct current and alternating current
and the advantages and uses of each type.
(12) Secondary batteries. Their composition. Their charging method.
Their uses.
Fourth Year
For refrigeration
(1) The drilling machine and its different types
a. Feed movement for manual and automatic drills.
b. Vertical and horizontal thrust movement
c. Method of driving the drill with a belt and electric
motor.
(2) Different planers.
a) The carriage planer. Its uses
(18)
(1 Automatic movement of the cart
(2 Stroke adjustment. Fast return movement in the stroke
for the unrestricted.
(3 Automatic feeding of the <del>planer</del> planer's tool.
B - The shaper planer. Its uses
(1 Automatic movement of the planing machine
(2 Stroke adjustment. Fast return movement in the stroke
for the unrestricted.
(3 Automatic feeding
C - The vertical planer. Its uses
(1 Transfer of motion to the tool
(2 Stroke adjustment
(3 For automatic feeding
(3 Mechanical saw
A - Circular saw. Circular motion. Feeding motion. Angle
of saw teeth.
B - Reciprocating straight-motion saw. Its assembly
and operation.
(4 Pipe threading machine. Its assembly. Its use
for turning (1 High-speed lathes
(A Fixed headstock. Different engagements for the movement of the fixed headstock shaft
B) Moving headstock. Explanation, use, and adjustment
C - Carriage. Its manual and automatic movement
D) Toolpost. How to adjust and fasten the lathe tool for flat
and tapered surfaces
E) Lathe bed. Some of its modern types
(2 Drills, their types, and brief operating methods
A) Vertical and horizontal feed movement
B) Types of drill bits ⟦and their sizes⟧ and their sizes in commercial markets
C) Counterboring.
( 14 )
d - Countersinking for modified and tapered holes.
3 - Different planers.
a - Trolley planer and its uses, operation, and rapid return motion.
b - Shaper planer and its uses, operation, stroke adjustment, and rapid
return motion.
c - Vertical planer. Its uses and operation. Stroke adjustment. Automatic motion
of the vertical planer. Its use for all types of planers.
For blacksmiths
1 - Practical explanation of the following cutting machines, accompanied by a simple diagram for each.
a - Mechanical punch
b - Mechanical shear
c - Cold saw
d - Hot saw
e - Saw sharpening machine
f - Saw welding
2 - Beam and angle bending machine.
3 - Pipe and iron rod bending machine.
4 - Sheet metal rolling and straightening machines (sheet straightener).
5 - Manual and automatic hammers and their importance in industry, explained briefly.
a - Spring hammer
b - Steam hammer
c - Pneumatic hammer.
Fifth Year, one class per week
For machinists (milling machines)
a - General horizontal milling machine. Its structure.
b - How to install the cutter in the milling machine spindle.
c - Power transmission to the spindle.
d - Manual and automatic table feed.
e - Dividing head and its use.
( 20 )
f - Cutting helical grooves.
g - Cutting spur gears and how to calculate them on the indexing head with practical examples
applied to them.
2 - Spur and helical gear cutting machine.
a - Its installation
b - Its operation
3 - Different shapes of knives required for the aforementioned machines.
4 - Knife sharpening machine:
a - Its installation
b - Its operation
5 - Precision measuring instruments
a - Vernier caliper
b - Micrometer
c - Micrometers for measuring internal cylinder diameters
d - Limit gauges and their tables and uses
for turning
a - Method of operating lathes, drills, and shapers with electric motors. ⟦aspects⟧ positions of these
motors relative to the machine.
2 - Horizontal cylinder lathe. Its description. Its drawing. Its operating method.
3 - Large faceplate lathe for turning wheels (flywheels).
4 - Turret lathe (as simplified capacity). The purposes for which it is used.
5 - Cutting speed for various metals and the amount of feed for the tool in different situations.
6 - Explanation of the general horizontal milling machine. Its structure. How to install the cutter in the cutter
milling cutter column. Power transmission to the cutter column. Manual and automatic table feed.
Indexing head and its use. Cutting helical grooves. Cutting spur gears
and how to calculate them on the ⟦indexing head⟧ indexing head with practical examples applied to them.
7 - Precision measuring instruments.
a - Vernier caliper
b - Micrometer
( 24 )
C. Micrometer for measuring the internal diameters of the cylinder.
D. Limit gauges, their tables, and their uses.
Blacksmiths 1. Dies. The theory of the die machine. Multiple examples of shaping workpieces
with dies.
2. Oxy-acetylene welding.
Preparation of oxygen. Preparation of acetylene and the important equipment for its preparation. Filling
oxygen and acetylene in steel cylinders. Measuring devices on the cylinders
of oxygen and acetylene.
Welding torch. Cutting torch. Important welding connections that have replaced rivets.
Welding material for cast iron, iron, copper, and aluminum. Fluxes.
3. Electric welding.
A. By electric arc.
B. By electrical resistance.
4. A practical rule is given for determining the capacity of an air fan to supply a known number of furnaces.
Industrial Science - Foundry
Second Year One lesson per week
1. A brief overview of pattern making and its importance in casting workpieces and machine parts.
2. Sands used in metal casting, their sources, preparation, and uses.
3. A brief description of the crucibles and plates used in metal melting, natural drawing,
and industrial drawing, their capacity, and the units by which they are sold in the markets.
4. Metals used in foundry workshops.
A. Cast iron. Scrap metal. How to examine its samples (dry, soft, and burnt).
B. Pig iron (cast iron pigs) and knowing their quality grade with a presentation of
samples to students.
Third Year One lesson per week
1. Metals used in foundry workshops.
A. Cast iron. Scrap metal and how to examine its samples (dry, soft, and burnt).
_(( 22 ))_
2. Pig iron (ingots), knowing its quality grade. Different samples
are shown to students.
b. Iraqi sand used in casting. With a general explanation from the curriculum of
the second grade.
1. Its types and the conditions that must be met. How to test it. Its defects.
Its composition, mixing, and the proportions of its mixtures in practice.
2. Oil sand and how it is formed and prepared. The purposes for which it is used.
3. Various industrial means to provide ⟦porosity⟧ in the sand.
4. Venting in risers and sprues of all types.
5. Cores and their types.
c. Means of changing, smoothing, and painting.
1. Local and coal charcoal.
2. Burnt sands.
3. Graphite, its properties, known commercial types, and sources.
4. Paint composition. Its uses. Drying methods.
d. Means of sand preparation.
1. Manual sieves. Their descriptions and sizes available in the markets.
2. Mechanical sieves. Their specifications and sizes available in the
markets.
3. Sand mixing devices.
4. Foundry mill.
e. Various risers. Their agreed-upon shapes and sizes.
1. Wooden risers.
2. Cast iron risers.
3. Steel risers.
4. Means of fixing several risers together.
5. Special risers for pouring copper.
6. Riser transfer.
Fourth Year
One class per week
a. Refractory building materials:
a. Aswan clay. Its composition, properties, and uses. Its locations in
- (( 23 )) -
Iraq. Its price in the markets.
b - Fireclay bricks. The purposes for which they are used. Their properties. Their specifications.
Their prices in commercial markets.
c - English clay. Its advantages. Its uses. Its approximate price.
2 - Fuel materials for furnaces.
a - Coke. Its properties and degree of hardness in detail. The theory of its extraction from
coal briefly. Its calorific value. Its uses in the foundry.
b - Waste oil (mazut) and its use in furnaces.
3 - Methods for drying castings.
a - Drying with a pipe.
b - The movable hood and its use.
c - The drying wheel.
d - The dryer. Its drawing. Its operating method.
4 - Transportation methods inside the foundry workshop.
a - The winch. Its description and how to use it.
b - The trolley for carrying crucibles inside the dryer.
c - Types of tongs used for holding crucibles.
5 - Casting machines used in high volume industrial production.
6 - Raw red copper and how to smelt it.
7 - Aluminum. Zinc. Lead. Tin. Forms of raw materials available in the
commercial market and their approximate prices.
8 - Metal alloys (in more detail than given in the second year) with a statement of the percentage of
the mixture used in industry, the uses of these alloys, their melting point,
and practical methods of mixing them in crucibles.
Fifth Year, two periods per week
1 - Foundry furnace (cupola)
a - The furnace (cupola) without a forehearth. Its use. Its structure. Its advantages.
Its drawing.
b - Cupola with a forehearth. Its use. Its structure. Its advantages. Its drawing.
c - How to repair the cupola. Preparing it for casting, lighting it, and reporting on it.
(24)
d - Amount of air required for combustion and its pressure
e - Effect of air on the type and quality of castings
f - Effect of coal on the type and quality of castings
2 - a - Ratios of the charge of coal, iron, cast iron, scrap, and ore to each other
and the extent of the effect of changing these ratios on the quality of the cast iron.
b - Air pumps used to feed the furnace with air with a simple
diagram of them. Their types, their specifications in the market. Means of operating them. How to
regulate the air they generate.
3 - The process of pouring metal and the necessary precautions for it.
4 - a - Defects in castings, their causes, and their treatment.
b - Stress that occurs in castings, its damages, and ways to avoid it.
c - Excess edges in castings
5 - Methods of cleaning castings
a - By hand brushes
b - By compressed sand
c - By pickling
d - Means of separating sprues from cast iron and copper castings
6 - An idea about the manufacture of bronze statues.
Tenth - Tools and Machines (Mechanics and Foundry Department)
⟦line⟧
Second year, one hour per week
1 - Basic principles of heat
a - What is heat (b) Temperature in French and English and the relationship between them
(c) Thermometers (d) Thermostats (e) Expansion of bodies by heat (f)
Specific, latent, and total heat (g) Methods of heat transfer.
2 - Types of fuel, their properties, and their uses in brief
(a) Coal (b) Coke (c) Local vegetable charcoal (d)
Gasoline (e) Petroleum (f) Fuel oil (g) Waste oil (h) Illuminating gas
3 - Steam
(a) Theory of its formation (b) Its types (c) Steam pressure (d) Its measurement units.
Required
And cast iron
Diagram
And foundry
Pyrometers
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in French and English and the relationship between them (e) the relationship between pressure and temperature
(f) the relationship between pressure and the temperature at which steam begins to form (g) atmospheric pressure
and its English and French units.
4 - Boilers.
A - Its types, definition and benefit (b) a precise comparison between fire-tube boilers
and water-tube boilers (c) explanation of the flame cycle and water cycle in each of
the two types (d) explanation of the following boilers with a simple diagram for each.
(1) Simple vertical boiler (2) Marine and Scottish boiler (3) Babcock and Wilcox boiler
(4) Locomotive boiler (5) Niaros boiler. Cochran boiler. Lancashire boiler.
5 - Boiler accessories with a drawing for each and their benefits
A) Gauge glass (b) pressure gauge (c) safety valve with spring
and with lever (d) feed pump (e) injector (f) sentinel plug (g)
steam distribution valve.
6 - Burning fuel oil in boilers. Fuel oil flow
7 - Natural and artificial draft.
Third Year - One session per week
1 - ⟦Principles⟧ of heat
(a) What is work (b) Energy = (c) The relationship between work and energy
(d) The function of the heat engine.
2 - Explanation of the simple steam engine on a diagram and on a model if
available, with different positions of the piston and determining the positions of other parts
in relation to it.
3 - Explanation of the parts of the simple machine separately and its benefit with an explanation of the Stephenson device
for reversing motion.
4 - Brief explanation of the indicator diagram
5 - (a) Explanation of steam distribution by means of the simple slide valve with the indicator
diagram showing only the entry and exit of steam (b) Explanation of steam distribution
by means of the D-slide valve with the indicator diagram showing only the entry of steam
, cutoff, exit, and pressure (c) Comparison between the two valves and the two diagrams
6 - Explanation of steam superheating methods. Its properties and benefits, and its uses.
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7 - Explanation of the compound steam engine. The general arrangement of its cylinders and its advantages over the simple engine.
8 - The surface condenser. The air pump.
9 - The ⟦precipitator⟧ ( ) evaporator ( )
Fourth year one session per week
1 - Centrifugal pumps. Reciprocating pumps.
Accurate comparison between each of them.
2 - Steam Turbines
Steam work in turbines. Types of turbines. Theory of impulse turbine. Theory
of reaction turbine. Nozzle theory. Parsons turbine. Single and double gears.
Applications of the turbine.
3 - Internal combustion engines powered by light oils. Types of these machines
in terms of the fuel used in them, in the form of a tree diagram.
4 - Full explanation of the parts of a petrol engine with a schematic drawing for each.
5 - Explanation of carburetor theory. Fountain carburetor. Zenith carburetor. Feeding methods
of the carburetor with petrol.
6 - Electrical ignition. (a) Theory of the induction coil (b) Explanation of the high-tension magneto (c) The spark plug.
7 - (a) Explanation of the four-stroke Otto cycle (b) Explanation of the two-stroke Otto cycle.
8 - Valve timing with graphical representations in both the four-stroke and two-stroke cycles.
9 - Accurate comparison between four-stroke engines and two-stroke engines.
Fifth year two sessions per week
1 - Definition of the indicator diagram. Its benefit in identifying some machine defects. Mechanical power.
Calculation of power from the indicator diagram. Brake power. Thermal efficiency. Mechanical efficiency. Overall efficiency. Multiple examples for power calculation.
Detailed explanation of the indicator device.
2 - General explanation of two-stroke and four-stroke diesel and semi-diesel engines.
3 - Parts of a diesel engine. Bedplate. Cylinder. Cylinder head. Piston.
Connecting rod. Crankshaft. Balance weights. Flywheel. Journal bearings. Thrust bearings
in marine engines and their maintenance. Valves. Cams and camshaft.
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The Regulator
4 — Explanation of a four-stroke diesel engine with air injection, indicator diagram, and valve timing.
Fuel valve with speed control. Air pump for injection and starting.
5 — Explanation of a four-stroke dry injection diesel engine with indicator diagram and valve timing.
Different shapes of clearance space. The injector. Fuel pump with speed control method.
6 — Explanation of a two-stroke diesel engine with indicator diagram and port timing.
7 — Explanation of a four-stroke and two-stroke semi-diesel engine with indicator diagram and valve timing
and ports. Explanation of the hot bulb.
8 — Explanation of cooling and lubrication methods for the main parts of machines.
9 — Problems encountered by diesel engines and ways to avoid them.
10 — Engagement device for reversing movement in installations and rudder connection to the steering wheel.
11 — Industrial Science and Machines (Automotive Section)
First year: Same as other mechanical sections
Second year: Same as other mechanical sections
Third year: Laboratory Management (one session per week)
Industrial Sciences: Detailed explanation of the following tools and their uses:
Simple mechanical levers attached to cars. Car engine holder
in the workshop. Manual and foot-operated car tire air pumps. Puller for removing
wheel rims. Puller for removing the rear wheel hub. Press for removing and installing
bushes. Device for removing piston pins. Simple hand greaser. Device (puller)
for lifting side and overhead valves. Device (milling machine) for turning valve seats. Device
for grinding valves. Scraper for repairing valve seat inserts and connecting rod ends (babbitted).
Device for welding inner and outer tires (heating by electricity or kerosene).
Fourth year: One session per week
Industrial Sciences: Detailed explanation of the following tools and their uses:
Lifting jacks with a movable base (large jack). Mobile hoist for lifting car engines
(winch). Valve grinding machine. Device for removing ball bearings (balls).
Front wheel alignment device. Alignment device for connecting rods and adjusting the parallelism
of their axes. For a portable electric drill machine. Compressed air and sand device
for cleaning spark plugs. Device for testing spark plugs electrically under
air pressure.
Fifth year, one session per week
Industrial sciences: detailed explanation of the following tools and methods of their use.
Crankpin turning device. Casting device for crank bearing shells. Turning device for crank bearing
shells. Portable device for boring and grinding cylinders. Device for removing and installing
cylinder sleeves. Large mechanical car lift. Hydraulic lift for lifting cars.
Complete air compression machine with compressed air tank and its accessories (cooler, filter,
indicator, safety valve, air intake).
Compressed air lubricator (grease gun). Kerosene washing device
and compressed air (washing gun). Device for indicating the pressure value inside a tire
(wheel) of the car. Battery charging device of both types.
Tools and Machines
Third year, one session per week
1- Motive Power
General description of car and mechanical bicycle (motorcycle) engine parts.
Four-stroke cycle. Two-stroke cycle for gasoline engines.
Detailed explanation of the following parts -
Types of car engine cylinders (monoblock, wet sleeve,
and dry sleeve) and their shapes in terms of mounting the cylinder on
the crankshaft case and in terms of valve positions. Cylinder head and methods of fixing it.
Different shapes of combustion chambers (for both side valves and overhead
valves). Pistons of all types. Torsional vibration dampers. Conical valves
and sleeve valves and means of adjusting them. Timing of conical valves.
Camshafts, their benefits, and methods of transmitting motion to them.
2- Electricity - one session per week
1- Mutual induction and methods of generating induced current.
2- Self-induction and the difference between it and mutual induction.
3- Methods of knowing the direction of the induced current in a wire cutting magnetic field lines
perpendicularly.
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4- The electromotive force generated in a loop of wire in the shape of a rectangle
rotating in the middle of a magnetic field, with its ends connected to two half-cylinders
insulated from each other. Drawing a graphical curve showing the relationship between
the generated electromotive force and the movement of the loop.
5- The electromotive force generated from a set of coils rotating around a single axis in the middle of a
magnetic field, with their ends connected to parts of a single insulated cylinder
from each other. Drawing the general curve of the generated electromotive force.
6- The basic parts of DC generators, the function of each part, its structure,
and the metals from which it is made.
7- Types of DC generators used.
8- The electric generator used in the car. Method of voltage regulation by
the third brush for a generator with three brushes. Voltage regulation by the regulator
for a generator with two brushes.
9- Secondary batteries. Their theory and composition. Methods of plate formation. Charging and discharging.
Battery problems and how to store them for a long time.
10- Battery charging and discharging circuit in the car. Automatic charging circuit breaker.
11- Car lighting circuit. Lamps with movable filament. Lamps
with two lights.
Fourth year, one class per week
Different clutches (mechanical types and hydraulic) and their function. Gearboxes
used in cars. Drive shaft and its various connections (types)
(Flexible coupling. Hooke's coupling. Sliding coupling. Ball coupling)
Final drive assembly. Differential assembly (explains one in detail). Wheels
rear and methods of installing their axles. Front wheel axles. Steering gears
of various types (worm and nut and cam). Connection of front wheels to steering gear
The frame (chassis). Methods of engine suspension. Leaf springs and helical springs
(Springs) and their use in frame suspension.
paper
Fifth year, two classes per week
Mechanical and hydraulic shock absorbers and their function - types of brake with lining
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Friction (contracting and expanding band). Methods of fixing linings. Fuel feeding
methods (gravity, suction, pressure). Gasoline pump. Different types of fuel
feeders (carburetors) and the theory of operation for each. Air filter. Engine lubrication methods.
Lubrication pump used in forced lubrication. Dry sump and its scavenging pump.
Oil pressure gauge (manometer). Engine cooling methods. Water pump. Radiator.
Air fan. Transmission of motion to auxiliary devices (water pump, air fan,
electric generator, spark generator (magneto) and its timing with the engine, distributor, oil
pump). Methods of silencing exhaust sound. Explanation of the four-stroke diesel cycle used in
cars. Theory of hydraulic devices for operating brakes.
Industrial Drawing (Automotive Department)
First Year: As followed in the Mechanics Department.
Second Year: As followed in the Mechanics Department.
Third Year: Four periods per week.
1- Drawing involute curves (epicycloid - hypocycloid). Drawing two teeth
of a spur gear using the previous curves.
2- Drawing two plates of simple car parts after dismantling them from a model, provided that
the dismantling time for each model does not exceed three hours.
3- Drawing six plates of specific car parts from templates prepared by the teacher, taking into
account annual updates.
Fourth Year: Five periods per week.
One plate is drawn from dismantling a car body part selected within the curriculum of
workshop management for the fourth year of automotive, provided that the dismantling time does not exceed
six hours.
Seven plates of car parts are drawn from templates prepared by the teacher, such that
these parts are within the subject of motive power (engines and machines) for the
fourth year of automotive. These templates shall be changed annually.
One electrical plate is drawn from a template prepared by the teacher within the subject of electricity
for the fourth year of automotive.
Fifth Year: Six periods per week.
One plate is drawn from dismantling a body of a device from the devices shown in the curriculum of
workshop management for the fifth year of automotive, provided that ⟦line⟧
the dismantling time does not exceed six ⟦line⟧ hours.
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Seven drawings are drawn with a template prepared by the teacher, which will be part of the machinery curriculum for
the fifth year. Cars, provided that these templates are evaluated annually.
An electrical drawing is drawn from a template prepared by the professor from the electrical curriculum for the
fifth year, cars.
A transparent drawing with ink backing is drawn for one of the previous drawings, presented by the teacher.
Industrial Sciences, Electrical Department
First Year, two classes per week
1- Common metals used:-
Cast iron. Wrought iron. Mild steel. Tool steel.
Carbon steel. Red copper. Tin. Zinc. Lead. Aluminum
and the distinction between these metals.
2- Metal sheets, their manufacturing methods, legal dimensions, and means of processing
workpieces from sheets.
3- The following welding methods:-
Blacksmith welding. Tin welding. Copper welding. Welding
with silver. Oxy-acetylene welding.
4- A brief description of the following:-
A simple metal lathe, a simple manual drill, a blacksmith. Piercing shears
The pocket. The grinding wheel machine.
5- Explanation of mechanical motion transmission methods in operating machines by using pulleys
and belts and gears in general.
6- Lubricants and lubrication and their respective uses.
7- A simple explanation of how engines work.
8- Summary of the composition and uses of the following materials:-
Tar. Gypsum. Cement. Sand. Gravel. Concrete
Ordinary and reinforced.
Second Year, one class per week
1- Basic principles of heat.
(a) What is heat (b) Temperature in French and English and the relationship
between them (c) Thermometers (d) Barometers (e) Expansion of bodies by heat or the effect of heat
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quality, latent and total. (⟦w⟧) heat transfer methods (h) work (t) energy
(y) the relationship between work and energy (k) the function of the heat engine.
2- The following types of fuel and their properties briefly.
a- (Coal (b) Benzine (c) Petroleum (d) Mazut (e)
Dirty oil.
3- Steam. Theory of its formation, types, pressure, units of measurement, and the relationship of pressure
with temperature.
4- Boilers and their benefits, with an explanation of the following types and their necessary accessories.
Simple vertical boiler. Babcock & Wilcox. Locomotive.
5- Briefly explain the simple steam engine and its parts.
6- Explain a simple steam power plant and the function of each part of it.
7- Centrifugal pumps and piston pumps.
8- Brief explanation of steam turbines.
9- Explanation of the theory of internal combustion engines, a definition of each, and the fuel used in
each of them. 1- Kerosene - Gasoline - Diesel - Semi-diesel.
Third Year -
One class per week
First - Properties and uses of raw materials used in electrical engineering.
1- Conductive materials.
<del>Iron</del> Iron. Copper. Aluminum. Lead. Zinc. Tin.
Nickel. Platinum. Silver. Graphite. Carbon. Resistance materials.
2- Insulating materials.
Wood. Glass. Porcelain. Marble. Slate. Fiber. Rubber
Gutta-percha. Asbestos. Cotton. Silk. Mica. Micanite. Micanite
Tenast. Bakelite. Insulating pipes. Shellac. Oiled paper.
Second - Wires used in electrical connections and devices. Their types
and legal measurements. Methods of connecting, soldering, and joining them, extending and protecting them,
and the necessary equipment for that.
Third - Cables. Their types. Methods of laying, connecting them, protecting them, and the equipment
necessary for that.
Fourth - Pipes used in electrical connections. Their types and measurements
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legal and methods of extending and establishing them and their complementary parts.
Fifth year, one session per week
First - Electrical installation tools -
Lamp holder. Ceiling rose. Screws and plugs. Switches. Fuses
Lamps. Reflectors.
Second - Methods of distributing electrical power generated in the main stations for direct current
and alternating current and the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Third - Methods of connecting current from the main branch to consumption sites. Circuit distribution
within premises and testing it.
Fourth - Explanation of the internal structure and method of connecting and using the following devices:
Wattmeter. Meter. Megger. Resistance measuring device. Measuring device
Frequency. Power factor measuring device. Synchronization devices.
Fifth - Problems and defects of direct and alternating current generators and motors and methods of avoiding them
and repairing them.
Electrical Department Machines and Equipment
Second year, one session per week
Electrical circuit and Ohm's law - Resistors and their connection method - Specific resistance
of the wire material and its calculation - Thermal coefficient and change in resistance. Electrical power
and Joule's coefficient - Magnetic effect on electric current for flux or magnetic
flux and its relationship with magnetomotive force - Magnetic reluctance
( ) The difference between an electrical circuit and a magnetic
circuit - Electric current occurring in a conductor cutting a magnetic field -
The first theory of electromotive force generated in the generator, the magnetic circuit
of direct current machines.
Armature winding for direct current machines.
Direct current generator with external excitation or self-excitation - Series and
parallel and compound generators - Armature reaction ( )
Graphical curves when loading generators ( ) Rectification
and spark occurring in carbon brushes ( )