AI English Translation, Pages 276-300
C / 50 / 517
1 / 6 / 1950
Department Copy
Dear Mr. Ibrahim Heskel, respected teacher of Yehuda
Tenant of house number 141/38 Hanoun Al-Saghir
Baghdad
After greetings,
We draw your attention to the fact that the lease period for the aforementioned house expired on
30 Nisan 5710 Hebrew (17 April 1950) and since you have not renewed its lease
until now, we hereby notify you in writing that you must vacate it within two days from this date, along with
payment of the outstanding rent due from you for the period between the lease expiry date until its handover
free of occupants, or you must renew its lease within the mentioned period, otherwise
we will be forced to take the necessary legal measures to preserve the Waqf's rights.
On this occasion, we draw your attention to the third paragraph of the lease agreement
concluded between you and the Physical Council, which includes ⟦expulsion⟧ the obligation to pay a daily rent
of five hundred fils for each day you delay vacating it.
Hoping that you will not force us to resort to taking legal measures.
Awaiting your reply, please accept our respect.
For the President
⟦signature⟧
Note
This warning was issued at the request of the Programs Directorate
The house belongs to Nuriel School
Correct
6/1
To the file
6/1/4
⟦illegible⟧
The Spiritual Council of the Jewish Community
in Baghdad
Phone number 5452
No. : C / 517 / 50
Date : 1 / 6 / 1950
Not sent
Subject Summary:
Mr. Ibrahim Heskel, esteemed teacher of Yehuda
Tenant of house number 38 / 141 Hanoun Al-Saghir
Baghdad
Greetings,
We would like to draw your attention to the fact that the lease period for the aforementioned house expired on
30 Nisan 5710 Hebrew (17 April 1950). Since you have not renewed its lease
until now, we hereby notify you in writing that you must vacate it within two days from this date, along with
payment of the rent due from you for the period from the date the rent became due until its surrender
vacant of occupants, or you must renew its lease within the mentioned period, otherwise
we will be forced to take the necessary legal actions to preserve the rights of the Waqf.
On this occasion, we draw your attention to the third paragraph of the lease agreement
concluded between you and the Spiritual Council, which stipulates the obligation to pay a daily rent
of five hundred fils for each day you delay vacating it.
Hoping that you will not force us to resort to taking legal measures.
Awaiting your reply, please accept our respects.
⟦illegible⟧
For the President
The Spiritual Council of the Jewish Community
Baghdad
C / 1 / 6
Department copy
220
1948/12/20
Presidency of the Schools Committee
We enclose herewith a copy of the minutes of the joint meeting held with your esteemed committee on 23/12/1948 for your kind perusal of its content;
⟦signature⟧
Vice President
Attachments
⟦line⟧
Copy of minutes
The
⟦SEA⟧
Secretary
Please follow up on the implementation of what is stated in paragraphs
(1) and (2) and inform me
⟦signature⟧
Sh. A
British
Manufacture
Subcommittee of the School of Arts and Crafts
The Twenty-Seventh Meeting 12/23/1948
⟦line⟧
Chaired by the Vice President Mr. Meer Basri and attended by members Messrs. Sion Hayyim, Karmi Menshun, Heskel
Qojman, Anwar Zalkha, Sassoon Bashi, and Yaqub Balbul, and decided the following:-
1- The Honorary Secretary and members of the Schools Committee, Messrs. Daoud Salman, Shalom Darwish,
and Abdullah Obeidia attended the meeting, and a discussion was held with them regarding the building of the Industrial School constructed by the heirs of the late Shaul
Hakham Heskel. After Mr. Daoud Salman briefly presented the developments of this case for more than
twelve years, ending with the building remaining unused despite the inability to reach an agreement with the aforementioned heirs
on the terms of the endowment for the said school, he explained that the Schools Committee had received a copy of a letter from Mr. Daoud
Shaul Heskel addressed to the Mesrobiel (of the Alliance Society) in Paris dated August 10, 1948, from which it is understood
that there is a possibility that the heirs of the late Shaul Hakham Heskel would agree to make this building a secondary school
instead of an industrial school according to special endowment conditions, especially since it was requested in the mentioned letter that this secondary school be managed
by the Alliance Society or by the community in Baghdad through the Alliance. After reading the mentioned letter, Mr. Daoud
Salman explained that the Schools Committee has two directions in this regard: the first direction
is to benefit from this building by making it a secondary school at the earliest possible opportunity, given the impossibility of opening an industrial school
at the present time according to the conditions set by the project owners and due to the small resources allocated to it
relative to its annual expenses, and the lack of readiness of the Lay Council to allocate an annual subsidy to cover these
expenses. He also explained the second direction, which made every possible attempt to achieve the industrial school project, given that
the community at the present time is in dire need of such a school, and for fear that this project would be neglected
permanently if the current building were made into a secondary school.
After studying the subject from all its aspects, it was decided that the Lay Council should address a letter to the heirs of
the late Shaul Hakham Heskel to inform them that the community does not wish for any foreign society like the Alliance to have
a relationship with this school. As for other matters, the community agrees to the endowment conditions stipulated in the mentioned
letter, but it is desirable that these conditions leave the community freedom of action to benefit from the current building
as an industrial school or as a secondary school, so that the community can benefit from the mentioned building as a secondary
school until the community is able to achieve the project of opening an industrial school, knowing that the responsible masses
in the Jewish community in Baghdad strongly desire to achieve this project and appreciate the great benefits and the urgent
need for such a school.
It was also agreed that the Council would form a subcommittee tasked with studying the subject of opening an industrial school
from the technical and financial aspects, provided that the Schools Committee nominates a number of persons so that the Council may appoint the members
of the subcommittee from among them or others.
2- A discussion was held with the members of the Schools Committee regarding the subject of school fees in general and the recommendation
of the Council to collect reduced fees from the children of dismissed employees in particular. After the committee noted this
recommendation, its members explained in detail the policy followed in the schools belonging to the community regarding school
fees, which is summarized as collecting high fees from students capable of paying and helping weak
students by exempting them from fees or by collecting reduced fees from them, taking into account the financial resources available
for each school, the type of study, and the student's qualifications. The committee explained that the statistics available to it prove the success
of this policy and the committee's satisfaction with following it.
⟦illegible⟧
234
16th January, 1949.
COPY
D.B. Eskell, Esq.,
P.O.Box 134,
Royal Automobile Club,
Pall-Mall,
LONDON S.W.
Re: Sir Sassoon Eskell
Technical School
⟦line⟧
Dear Sir,
The Schools Committee have referred to this Council the cor-
respondence exchanged between you and the Committee some time ago
last year, with regard to your wish to hand over to them Sir Sassoon
Eskell Technical School in Baghdad. We understand that the reluc-
tance of the Committee to carry on this correspondence was due to
the fact that the Committee's financial position precluded further
burdening by the running of a Technical School under the terms re-
ferred to in your letter dated July 18th, 1947. The Committee have
also brought to the notice of this council a copy of your letter
dated 15th August 1948, addressed to Monsieur Weill of Paris, re-
lating to the handing over of the Technical School's building to
serve for a secondary school.
The Council wishes to stress the dire need of this Community
for a Technical School of the kind envisaged by the late Sir Sassoon
Eskell. The conclusion arrived at unanimously was that everything
possible was to be made to realise this project, despite the fact
that the fund set for the purpose fell far short of the minimum req-
uirements. A special committee was therefore formed to submit a de-
tailed report on how this project could be put into operation with
the meagre resources placed at the disposal of the trustees.
In the meantime, and fearing that the prevailing high prices
and scarcity of equipment should render impossible the carrying out
of the project at present, the Council feels that it would serve the
Community and the testator's memory best to have the building serve
temporarily as a Secondary School until such time as will make it
possible to carry out the original project. We therefore wish to in-
vite your kind attention to the following proposals:
1- The Jewish community in Baghdad is willing to take over the
building of the School and the land next to it together with the fund
as per the terms laid by you in the letter referred to above, but the
Council prefers that, for obvious reasons, there would be no relation
of any kind between this project and any foreign institution such as
the Alliance Society or any other, and that everything relating to
this matter will be directly dealt with between your goodselves and
the Jewish Community in Baghdad.
2- As we are very anxious to see the project carried out as soon
as possible, we wish to stress on the term laid down by you in the
letter referred to above that in case we take over the School the co-
mmunity would have the option of using the building as a Secondary
School or a Technical School as necessity and expediency should deter-
mine. This will enable us to start right now using the premises ⟦...⟧
12/1
16/1
16th January, 1949.
- 2 -
Secondary School till the time comes when we are in a position
to carry out the project of a Technical School. The Jewish Com-
munity places great importance on the project of a Technical
School, but should it prove beyond our capacity to start it now,
we believe that this compromise would give us the greatest bene-
fit out of the present premises.
3- Once these proposals meet with your kind approval, as we
hope they will, a special committee will be formed to take over
the School under the terms referred to above.
We are anxiously awaiting your reply expressing agreement
with these proposals.
Assuring you of our best attention and cooperation and with
all due gratitude on behalf of the community we represent, we
are, dear Sir,
Yours faithfully,
⟦illegible⟧
VICE-PRESIDENT
JEWISH LAY COUNCIL
BAGHDAD
Copy to:-
The Jewish Schools Committee,
BAGHDAD.
Members nominated for the Arts and Crafts School Committee
⟦line⟧
1 - Menashi Qaraeen - Manager of the Mashal Garage
2 - Daoud Shlomo - Employee in the Railways
3 - Reuben Sassoon - Birmingham Graduate
4 - Daoud Hoki - (Son-in-law of Dr. Shalom) Specialist Engineer
5 - Selim Sofair - Birmingham Graduate
6 - Abdullah Obeidia - Graduate of the American University of Beirut
7 - Ibrahim Shakerchi - Graduate of Robert College
8 - Sami Ibrahim Sayem
9 - Ezra Mannan
⟦line⟧
226
1949/1/21
Department Copy
Dear Sirs,
David Shaa⟦s⟧
Sami Ibrahim Hayyim
Abdullah Obedia
Ezra Shm⟦al⟧
Menashe Louis
After greetings,
I am pleased to inform you that the Physical Council decided in its
twenty-ninth session held on January 20, 1949, to appoint you
a committee to study the issue of opening the Sir Sassoon Haskel School for Crafts from
both technical and financial aspects.
So I ask you to kindly proceed with this task, hoping
to submit a report to the Council at the earliest possible opportunity on the results of your study on this matter.
Please accept our utmost respect, with the Council's wishes for your
success and achievement.
Vice President
Copy to - Head of the Schools Committee
1/21
Materials needed by the blacksmith
1 - Iron anvil —————— Quantity 1 —————— Seven Dinars
2 - Iron vise —————— Quantity 1 —————— Five Dinars
3 - Iron forge —————— Quantity 1 —————— Four Dinars
4 - Iron hammers (various sizes) — Quantity 4 —————— Eight Dinars
5 - Iron tongs —————— Quantity 4 —————— Five Dinars
6 - Various iron files ————— Quantity 12 —————— Ten Dinars
7 - Manual iron shears ————— Quantity 1 —————— Five Dinars
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
<del>⟦illegible⟧</del>
7/
Total 44 Dinars
44 Dinars
⟦line⟧
25
D 7
⟦11/539⟧ D
Correspondence Register
Headquarters of the Jewish Community
Baghdad
Incoming number ⟦...⟧
Date ⟦...⟧
Year ⟦...⟧
Subject ⟦...⟧
Dear Mr. ⟦...⟧
On the occasion of ⟦...⟧'s desire to establish an industrial school in Baghdad,
pursuant to Article 231 of the ⟦...⟧ Law of 1931, the Spiritual Council
in its session held on ⟦...⟧ approved the establishment of this school
under the name of ⟦...⟧ Industrial School.
The aforementioned school will be affiliated with the administration of the Jewish Community in Baghdad.
And it will be funded from the revenue of the endowments allocated for this purpose,
and according to the instructions issued by the Ministry of Education in this regard.
Therefore, this letter was written.
Head of the Jewish Community
⟦...⟧
19/1
278
1/26/1949
Department Copy
His Excellency Senator Ezra Menahem Daniel, Respected
Greetings and respect,
Furthermore, we have received with much gratitude your letter dated January 24,
1949, along with the valuable statement that you kindly enclosed with your aforementioned letter.
Please accept the assurances of our highest respect.
Vice President
Dear Vice President,
I have learned that there is some correspondence
with Mr. Saleh Shlomo related to the Directorate
of Industries, and upon inquiry, it appeared
that this correspondence is private
and related to the interests of Senator Ezra Menahem.
Accordingly, he has kindly sent
a summary of the correspondence along with the developments
of the case, which you will find enclosed.
⟦signature⟧
1/26
A book of condolences in the name of the people of the Committee
of Crafts
21 / 9 / 949
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible text showing through from reverse side⟧
Department copy
229
1949/1/26
Committee of the School of Arts
After greetings,
Further to our letter no. 236 dated 21/1/1949.
You will find enclosed a copy of the letter dated January 24, 1949,
to His Excellency Ezra Menachem Daniel regarding the School of Arts for the late Sir
Sassoon Heskel, for your kind review of its contents, due to its relevance to your esteemed committee.
Please accept our respect;
⟦illegible⟧
1/26
⟦signature⟧
Vice President
Abboud Effendi
This letter is sent to
Professor Abdel Aziz Barakat
Also, a copy of communications is sent
A copy to the Committee of the School of Arts to
The head of the Schools Committee for information
Professor Abdel Aziz Barakat
⟦signature⟧
1/26
1/5
D 7
31 / 3 / 1948 D
⟦illegible⟧
And the north is nine canals
In it is an uncle
• 31 / 3 / 1948 in Kharimal 466 and in it for Al-Zulfi Al-Qama
1931 and in the second 27 in Kharima Balqa a village for him a drawing
Sama and Hamila and the north is nine from the people of Ralqat and its load is a drawing of Abal-Sama
• Their price and it includes a hundred words, an explanation of its star, its night, and all of it like the turn of its head, a drawing for him
⟦line⟧ no further than theفق
⟦illegible⟧
And the width of the cows
From Kabid
For her son Al-Fayed
A drawing for him from Ba
⟦illegible⟧
When she came to her ⟦illegible⟧
⟦line⟧
By my fighting for ⟦illegible⟧ from Ba
⟦illegible⟧
251
Curriculum
for Official Industrial Schools (Five-Year System)
Subject | First Year Number of Sessions per Week | Second Year Number of Sessions per Week | Third Year Number of Sessions per Week | Fourth Year Number of Sessions per Week | Fifth Year Number of Sessions per Week
1 - Religion | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
2 - Arabic Language | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2
3 - English Language | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3
4 - Mathematics | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3
5 - Bookkeeping and Correspondence | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2
6 - Natural and Electrical Sciences | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3
7 - Mechanics and Material Strength | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
8 - Industrial Sciences (Technology) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2
9 - Machines and Engines (Prime Movers) | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2
10 - Electricity Subject (for Mechanical Departments) | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1
11 - Industrial Drawing | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6
12 - Engineering Drawing | 2 | 2 | — | — | —
Total | 21 | 21 | 21 | 24 | 24
Practical Study | 21 | 21 | 25 | 28 | 28
Total Weekly Study Hours | 42 | 42 | 46 | 52 | 52
Curriculum
Five-year Industrial Study
Firstly - Religion
First year | one hour per week | }
Second year | one hour per week | }
Third year | one hour per week | }
Fourth year | two hours per week | (Expansion of the third-year curriculum with moral information)
Secondly - Arabic Language
First year | three hours per week
One hour for grammar and application | Middle School curriculum
One hour for reading and memorization |
Reading - Students read no less than fifty pages from the textbooks prescribed for middle schools.
Memorization - Students memorize no less than forty lines of good poetry on appropriate topics and no less than four passages of good prose, provided that their lines are no less than thirty lines.
One hour for composition - Students write no less than six topics during the year, provided that they are derived from industrial and scientific life, and special attention is paid to demonstrating the advantages of work and freelancing.
Second year | three hours per week
One hour for grammar and application | Middle School curriculum
One hour for reading and memorization |
Reading - Continue reading in the textbooks prescribed for middle school, no less than fifty pages.
Memorization - Students memorize no less than forty lines of good poetry and no less than thirty lines of appropriate prose.
One hour for composition and recitation - 1- Students practice treating simple topics improvisationally, provided that they are derived from students' school life.
2- Students write no less than five topics per year, provided that they are more precise and broader than the previous year, and special attention is paid to the importance of industrial education and the impact of industry on community life.
List of Materials and Tools
(Maternity Hospital Preparation) List for various hospital departments
Material Statement | First Floor Department - Required equipment with notes | Second Floor Department - Required equipment with notes | Third Floor Department - Required equipment with notes | Department Wards - Required equipment with notes | Dining Hall
1- White fabric | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
2- White nurse's shirt | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
3- Blue nurse's shirt | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
4- White nurse's skirt | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3
5- Blue nurse's skirt | — | — | — | — | —
6- White nurse's head cover | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
7- White nurse's apron | — | — | — | — | —
8- Nurse's shirt (for hospital) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2
9- Nurse's shirt (for kitchen) | — | — | — | — | —
10- Nurse's shirt (for laundry) | — | — | — | — | —
11- White nurse's gown | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3
12- Blue nurse's gown | 2 | 2 | — | — | —
Total | 17 | 17 | 71 | 31 | 31
Total number of pieces | 17 | 17 | 52 | 86 | 86
Total number of all required pieces | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73
- 2 -
Third Year
Two hours per week
Two hours for composition and recitation: 1 - Students deal improvisationally with industrial topics
more comprehensive than the previous year, provided that students ensure accuracy
in expression and adherence to the purely objective aspect.
2 - Students write no less than five topics, paying attention
especially to the impact of craftsmanship on the worker's progress and in writing
letters to shops or factories.
- 3 -
Third - English Language
Technical Secondary School Syllabus
for English
First Year ⟦line⟧ 3 periods a week.
Second year ⟦line⟧ 2 periods a week.
Third year ⟦line⟧ 2 periods a week.
Fourth year ⟦line⟧ 2 periods a week.
Fifth year ⟦line⟧ 2 periods a week.
First year: first year west Alternative Reader with Arabic
Companion to be finished.
Second year: west Alternative Reader 2 with Arabic companion
to be finished.
Third year: Essential English Book II to be started.
Fourth year: Essential English Book II to be finished.
Fifth year: Essential English Book III to ⟦be⟧ started.
The chief purpose of English Teaching in the Technical
Secondary School:
1. To develop the reading ability of the pupils.
2. The correct understanding of what is read and heard.
3. The correct speaking and writing of English
Note:
The oral and written work should be a certain extent
be based on subjects to be most useful to the students in
doing their work later in life.
- 4 -
Fourth - Mathematics
First Year | Four hours per week
Geometry | Middle school curriculum.
Arithmetic | Training students in mental arithmetic. Mixing and blending. Problems on areas of triangles, quadrilaterals, and regular polygons. Circumference and area of a circle applying given formulas to students. Areas and volumes of prisms and cylinders. Square root. Cube root. Exercises on Pythagoras' theorem. Area of a triangle given its sides. Areas and volumes of pyramids, cones, spheres, and tori from given rules. Areas and volumes of regular and irregular, complete and incomplete bodies.
Principles of Algebra | Use of letters, signs, and coefficients in ⟦functions⟧, exponents, negative quantities, and the rule of ⟦signs⟧ in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and the rule of exponents in multiplication and division. Algebraic terms and like terms and their reduction. Reduction of fractions whose numerator and denominator contain only one term. Use of parentheses and common factors, and their introduction and removal.
Second Year | Three hours per week.
Geometry | Middle school curriculum.
Arithmetic and Principles of Algebra | Graphing. Coordinate axes and the origin and how to define a point on their plane. Representing a statistical table with a straight or broken line graph. Reading the graph and inferring information from it. Substituting letters with numbers in algebraic terms and problems on them. Examples and problems that lead to first-degree simultaneous equations in their solution. Factoring second-degree algebraic expressions into two factors in simple cases. Simple second-degree equations and practical applications thereof. Solving second-degree equations in real roots.
Third Year | Two hours per week
| Ratio and proportion and various problems on them. Examples in proportion
- 5 -
It includes converting different measurements such as meters and yards to each
other. Proportional division. Companies. Simple profit
and compound. Various problems on them. Algebraic equations that are more
difficult than the previous year.
General practical problems on levers. Density and specific weight
of liquids. Archimedes' principle. Coefficient of linear expansion,
surface and volumetric.
Problems on thermometers and barometers.
Uniform speed and average speed.
Fourth Year
Two hours per week
Surd roots. Solving some equations on them.
Research on logarithms and its application with various practical examples.
Triangles. Definition of trigonometric ratios, their properties, and their relation to each
other. Extracting trigonometric ratios from mathematical tables.
Simple trigonometric equations. Solving right-angled triangles
and its use in practical problems.
Fifth - Bookkeeping and Cost
Accounting (Estimates)
Fourth Year
General -
Two hours per week
Definition of bookkeeping and its purpose. Theory of debit and credit
(double entry).
Types of accounts. Types of ledgers. Daily ledger. Original
Daily ledger, its conditions, and how to record in it. Various simple exercises
on operations related to industry.
General ledger and its function, and how to post from the daily ledger to balance
accounts, creating a trial balance.
Cost accounting for industrial products in simple cases. Creating
operating, profit and loss accounts, and creating a simple balance sheet.
Commercial letters. Card. How to take copies of outgoing letters
in the copy book and with carbon. And the use of files
and dockets for incoming letters and copies of outgoing letters.
Account statements. Money order. Check. Promissory note
and bearer bond. Bill of exchange. Receipts. Industrial advances.
Saving and investment. Raw materials. Methods
- 6 -
Internal transportation. Advertising. Its importance and most famous
means.
Two hours a week
Fifth year
For the mechanical and automotive branch 1 - A brief overview of estimations and their purpose. Forms
and notebooks used for that. Statement of ratios and methods leading
to making correct and organized estimations.
2 - Examples and practical applications for calculating costs and for making
estimations and calculating them for operation, adjustment, and installation, provided that they are
consistent and coordinated in the industrial sciences curriculum (technology)
for the fourth and fifth years, and that their suitability to the level of
the studying students is taken into account, especially regarding the enumeration of raw material costs
and wages of workers, machines, administrative expenses, and profit.
Fifth year
Commercial Department -
1 - A brief overview of cost accounting and estimations and their purpose.
Forms and notebooks used in operating offices
and raw material and manufactured goods stores. How to use them and their benefits.
2 - Applied examples including raw material items, costs, and profits
making estimations for simple completed works and making estimations
for works requested to be made.
Fifth year
Electrical Department -
1 - A brief overview of cost accounting and estimations and their purpose.
Forms and notebooks used for that. Statement of
ratios and methods leading to making correct and organized estimations.
2 - Making estimations for connecting electrical power inside buildings
and facilities (residences, factories, stores).
3 - Making estimations for manufacturing and repairing electrical appliances such as motors, generators,
items of the natural sciences and mechanics curriculum ⟦lighting⟧ ⟦and others⟧
Sixth - Natural Sciences
First year
Two hours a week
Units and measurements. Properties and states of matter. Primary
definitions of general natural sciences. Levers and weights. Law
- 7 -
Lever law. Types of levers. General applications of levers - finding
weight by means of a lever. Simple balance - steelyard
and helical balances. Density and specific gravity. Relationship between volume and weight
and density with each other. Finding the specific gravity of liquids
and small bodies using a specific gravity bottle. Liquids
their general properties. Pressure in liquids at different depths and in all
directions. Pascal's law and Bramah's press. Communicating vessels
(fluid equilibrium). Finding specific gravity by means of a U-tube
(). Springs, fountains, and siphons
Archimedes' principle. Extracting the density and specific gravity of bodies
by Archimedes' principle. Law of floating bodies
Hydrometers (normal and Nicholson's) their benefits and how to use them
Torricelli's experiment. Ordinary barometer. Manometers briefly.
Gas pressure measuring devices. Suction and force pumps
and air chamber pumps.
Second year
Chemistry -
Three hours per week
Element. Atomic structure of materials. Atom. Molecule.
Compound. Solutions. Chemical symbol. Chemical law
Air. Its components. Oxygen. Its preparation, properties, and industrial
uses. Hydrogen. Its preparation, properties, and industrial
uses. Water. Hard water. Chemical and mechanical water purification.
Heating materials in air and in vacuum. Humidity
of the air and its effect on different materials (metals, leather, wood
and other compounds). Humidifiers (hygrometers). Daniel's hygrometer.
Physics -
Heat. Temperature. Thermometers (Celsius, Fahrenheit
and maximum-minimum). Relationship between Celsius, Fahrenheit
and absolute temperatures with each other. Heat transfer. Expansion
of solids, liquids, and gases with increasing temperature.
Specific heat. Latent heat of fusion and vaporization. Relationship
of pressure to boiling.
In electricity and magnetism, the meaning of magnetism. Permanent and temporary magnets. Magnetic poles.
Magnetic field. Earth's magnetism.
- 8 -
Compass. Methods of magnetization. Magnetic theory. Meaning of
electricity. <del>Charging</del> Negative and positive charges. Conducting and insulating bodies.
Leaf electroscope. Distribution of charges on
bodies. Lightning rod. Induction and conduction electricity. Idea
about <del>electrical fields</del> electrical fields. Electronic theory to explain
the electrical phenomenon. Electrophorus. Simple idea about electric cells
(Volta. Dry. Leclanché) in terms of composition,
benefit and chemical reactions. Electric current. Its definition.
And its direction. Magnetic effect of electric current. A simple idea
about capacitors. Definition of volt, ampere, and ohm after explaining
electromotive force, current intensity, and electrical resistance briefly.
Ohm's law. Series and parallel connection for both resistors
and cells. Secondary batteries ( )
Two hours a week
and insulating
Third Year
Carbon. Its properties. Its different forms. Distillation of coal and wood.
And the benefits of its industrial products. Carbon dioxide. Its preparation
and properties and benefits. Carbon monoxide. Its preparation and properties
and benefits. The important differences between carbon dioxide and monoxide.
Oil. Its existence. Extraction. Refining. Acetylene
Metals and nonmetals. The effect of air oxygen on metals and the removal of
their luster and how to remove this effect. Acids. Their characteristics and most important
reactions with metals. Bases. Their characteristics, their neutralization with
acids. Sodium carbonate. Its preparation and benefits.
Borax. Its preparation and use in industry. Iron
Its existence, characteristics. Extraction. Chemistry of blast furnaces.
Zinc. Its existence. Characteristics. Extraction. Aluminum. Its existence.
Characteristics. Extraction. Lead. Its existence. Characteristics. Extraction.