AI en Translation, Pages 51-75
Page 51
(In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful)
School Directorate
Shamash Private Preparatory School
Number:: Sh / ⟦illegible⟧ / 69
Date:: 22 / 10 / 1969
Recruitment Department / ⟦First⟧ ⟦East⟧ ⟦Rusafa⟧.
After greetings.
We confirm to you that the document numbered Sh/ ⟦191⟧ dated 21 / 10 / 1969 attached
herewith, which belongs to (⟦Elias Munir Sahyoun Darwish⟧), was issued by the management of this school,
Please be informed.
Please accept our highest respect.
The Director
⟦illegible⟧
Page 52
Ministry of Education
Iraqi
« Secondary School Document »
No: 000042
School Directorate: Shamash Private Preparatory School
Ref /: Sh / 194
Date: 16 / 10 / 1969
Examination Number:
Shamash Private School
Date ⟦line⟧
Baghdad
Photographic Portrait
x
To / ⟦Deanship of the College of Arts⟧
The student Zion Darwish, whose photo is attached above, is one of the students of the Fifth Grade (Scientific) in our school
Entered the exam for the year 1968 / 1969 and his result was ⟦line⟧ in the ⟦line⟧ session and obtained the
grades listed on the back of it, and based on his request, we have provided him with this document.
1 - Admitted according to the transfer certificate numbered 1562 and dated 29 / 8 / 1967 issued by Ana Intermediate School
in the Baghdad Governorate
2 - Documents previously provided.
Entity to which the document is addressed | Number | Date | Type of document
3 - Grades in which he failed, number of years of failure, and cause of failure (illness or other). He did not fail
4 - Subjects in which he was incomplete: None
5 - His behavior and attendance regularity: Very Good
6 - Date of leaving school. Still continuing in this school
7 - Was he provided with a transfer certificate. No
Stamp
School Registrar
Suad Anbar
School Principal
⟦signature⟧
Inventory of files was completed in the personal bag: 961 / 972 on 4 / 10 / 1974
Page 54
Iraqi Ministry of Education
Directorate of ⟦Shamash⟧ Private School
Number - 67 / 156
Date - 29 / 8 / 1967
Examination Number 12271
To - Administration of Shamash Private Preparatory School
That ( Eliyahu Munir Sayyion Darwish ) whose photograph is attached above is one of the students of the ( Third Intermediate ) grade
from our school who entered the ( General ) examination for the year 66 / 1967 and his result was ( Success )
in the ( First ) session and he obtained the grades listed on the back and based on his request we have provided him
with this document.
1- Admitted according to the transfer certificate numbered 975 and dated 20 / 7 / 1964
issued by ⟦Najm Rachel⟧ School in Baghdad
2- Documents previously provided to him -
Addressed entity | Document number | Date | Type of document
⟦line⟧
3- Grades failed and number of failing years and reason for failure (illness or other) Intermediate stage 1964 / 65
4- Subjects in which he completed (re-sit)
5- His conduct and regularity of attendance
6- Date of leaving the school
Non-affiliation ID number 976 / 97
Date 4 / 10 / 1964
Republic of Iraq
50 Fils revenue stamp
SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL * BAGHDAD
Shamash Secondary School
School Principal
Republic of Iraq
20 Fils revenue stamp
Validation and Signature
The authenticity of the signature and school seal and contents of the document are certified
2977 29 / 8 / 1967
On behalf of the Director of Education of Baghdad Al-Rusafa Province
Abdul Jabbar Hafiz
School Registrar
Page 56
149
Frank Iny School
Intermediate and Primary
Alwiyah Al-Jadida - Baghdad
Telephone: 91693
Number: F/61/268
Date: 5/10/1961
⟦illegible⟧
Directorate of Education of Baghdad Province / Rusafa
Greetings.
Attached herewith is the transfer certificate numbered F/61/267 and dated 5/10/1961
belonging to Eliyahu Munir Darwish for authentication.
⟦signature⟧
Isaac Cohen
Acting Director
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
Page 60
Jamil Shamoun Yousef Kazra
⟦School Year⟧ 1935 - 1936 [ First Intermediate ]
1936 - 1937 Second Intermediate
1937 - 1938 Third
1938 - 1939 Fourth Scientific
1939 - 1940 Fifth Scientific
Page 61
FRANK INY SCHOOL
&
SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL
New Alwiyah - Baghdad
Tel. No. 91693
Shamash Preparatory School
Baghdad
New Alwiyah
Telephone 91693
No. ⟦line⟧
Date ⟦line⟧
⟦SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL BAGHDAD⟧
Name: Jamil Shamoun
Third ⟦illegible⟧
16065
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
I certify that Mr. Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra has finished
the Fifth Scientific Form of Shamash Secondary School which,
is equivalent roughly to grade 12 of the American High School.
Below is a summary of his Secondary School Record with some
details:
Name: Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra.
Birth Date: 9.11.1952
Home Address: 3/4/35, Masbah, Baghdad, Iraq.
Schools Attended: (1) Frank Iny Primary School, (October 1959 - June 1965), (2) Frank Iny Intermediate School, (October 1965 - June 1968), (3) Shamash Secondary School, (October 1968 - June 1970).
Address of all the above schools: Frank Iny School and Shamash Secondary
School, New Alwiyah, Baghdad, Iraq.
(A) Marking System in both Frank Iny Intermediate School & in Shamash Secondary School: | (B) Marking System followed in the Iraq State Baccalaureate Examination for Secondary Education:
1. Highest mark is 100. | 1. Highest mark is 100.
2. Minimum passing mark in each subject is 50. | 2. Minimum passing mark in each subject is 50.
3. Minimum average passing mark in all subjects (i.e. Certificate) is 60. | 3. Honour mark is 85-upward.
4. College Recommending mark is 70. | 4. Average mark in all subjects qualifying for admission to the University of Baghdad was, in September 1969, 60-upward.
5. Honour mark is 85-upward. |
Class periods in these schools are: 45 minutes,
40 times a week,
36 weeks a year.
(Cont'd. P. 2)
Page 62
FRANK INY SCHOOL
&
SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL
New Alwiyah - Baghdad
Tel. No. 91693
Shamash Secondary School
Baghdad
New Alwiyah
Telephone 91693
No.:
Date: 15th June, 1970
Page: - P. 2 -
Student Name: Mr. Jamil S. Y. Ezra's Class Record
SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL - BAGHDAD
Shamash Secondary School - Baghdad
FRANK INY SCHOOL - BAGHDAD
Frank Iny School - Baghdad
School | Frank Iny Intermediate School | | Shamash Secondary School | | |
Forms: | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | Average Number of periods per week in the different years:
Grades: | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th |
Years Attended: | 1965-1966 | 1966-1967 | 1967-1968 | 1968-1969 | 1969-1970 |
Remarks: | | | Bacca-laureate Exam. | | |
Subjects: | | | | | |
Arabic Language | 54 | 55 | 50 | 62 | 71 | 6 periods
English Language | 59 | 60 | 83 | --- | 68 | 6 "
English Language with Arabic- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
English Translation | --- | --- | --- | 62 | --- | 10 "
Arithmetic | --- | 68 | --- | --- | --- | 3 "
Arithmetic with Algebra | 52 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5 "
Elementary Algebra | --- | 78 | --- | --- | --- | 3 "
Plane Geometry | 92 | 62 | --- | --- | --- | 3 "
General Math. (Algebra & Plane Geometry) | --- | --- | 91 | --- | --- | 7 "
Arithmetic, Trigonometry, Plane Geometry, Algebra & Physics | --- | --- | --- | 51 | --- | 13 "
Algebra, Trig. & Calculus | --- | --- | --- | --- | 50 | 10 "
Natural Science | 53 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4 "
Biology | --- | 52 | --- | --- | --- | 2 "
Biology with Botany | --- | --- | --- | --- | 80 | 4 "
Hygiene with Biology | --- | --- | 52 | --- | --- | 5 "
Physics with Chemistry | --- | 62 | 73 | --- | --- | 5 "
Physics | --- | --- | --- | --- | 60 | 4 "
Chemistry | --- | --- | --- | 52 | 61 | 4 "
Civics | 63 | 69 | --- | --- | --- | 1 period
Ancient History | 70 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2 periods
Islamic History | --- | 57 | --- | --- | --- | 2 "
Geography | 52 | 62 | --- | --- | --- | 2 "
History & Geography | --- | --- | --- | 73 | --- | 4 "
Social Sciences (Civics, History and Geography) | --- | --- | 67 | --- | --- | 6 "
Average mark in all subjects | 61.9 | 62.5 | 69.3 | 60 | 65 |
No. of students in class | 41 | 33 | 56 | 46 | 42 |
Rank of student in class | 24 | 22 | 50 | 27 | 18 |
⟦for Principal.⟧
(Cont'd. P. 3)
Page 63
Frank Iny School
&
SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL
New Alwiyah - Baghdad
Tel. No. 91693
Shamash Secondary School
Baghdad
New Alwiyah
Telephone 91693
No.:
Number:
Date: 15th June, 1970
Date:
SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL * BAGHDAD * FRANK INY SCHOOL
⟦illegible⟧
Other examinations passed by the above candidate:
1. Iraq State Baccalaureate Examination for Primary Education, in June
1965, ranking 21st among 36 candidates from Frank Iny Primary School.
This examination is, in standard, equivalent roughly to the Common
Entrance Examination of the English Schools or to the final examina-
tion of grade 7 of the American Schools.
2. Iraq State Baccalaureate Examination for Intermediate Education, in
June 1968, ranking 50th among 56 candidates from Frank Iny School.
His marks in this examination are shown in the 3rd column on page 2
of this reference.
3. London University General Certificate of Education Examination in the
following subject:
Mark obtained | Subject | Level | Date
C | Additional Mathematics | Ordinary | June 1970
Note: Grading System applicable as from June 1968, is as follows:
Grades A, C, E are grades of pass in descending order of merit
for Ordinary Level subjects. For Advanced Level subjects,
grades A, B, C, D, E are passing grades in order of merit.
Grade 'O' in the Advanced Level subjects is considered a
pass at the Ordinary Level.
While in Frank Iny School and Shamash Secondary School, both of which
are under the same administration, the above candidate was always diligent
and of good character.
Mr. Jamil S. Y. Ezra has done most of his instruction in Frank Iny
School and in Shamash Secondary School in English, thus attaining a good
standard in both spoken and written English. I am sure that he is now
able to follow any course in any English-speaking University abroad without
the least difficulty. I therefore recommend that he be exempted from the
TOEFL Examination in English, usually required by American and Canadian
Universities.
The above student is physically and mentally quite fit. I recommend
him for admission to any University abroad as a fairly good candidate.
for Principal.
Page 64
GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS June 1970
I hereby acknowledge the receipt of my G.C.E. Examination Certificate.:
NAME: Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra
SIGNATURE: ⟦illegible⟧
DATE: 27/⟦...⟧
CERTIFICATE NO.: 030531
Centre no. 90670
Candidate no. 00261
The original certificate was returned to the British Council on 11 / 1 / 971
Baghdad
Recruitment Department / Karrada Al-Sharqiya
Document No. Sh/244 dated 5 / 5 / 1970 attached
Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra issued by the administration of this school
With great respect.
The Directress
GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION OVERSEAS - INDIVIDUAL RESULTS NOTICE
BAGHDAD, IRAQ
JAMIL SHAMOUN YOUSIF EZRA
JUNE 1970
CENTRE No. 90670
CANDIDATE No. 00261
DPGC 15.
P.T.O.
GRADE | LEVEL | SUBJECT CODE No. AND TITLE | GRADE | LEVEL | SUBJECT CODE No. AND TITLE
H | FAIL ORDINARY | 370 ADD. MATHS. | C | PASS ORDINARY | 540 PHYSICS
| | | H | FAIL |
Page 65
(( In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful ))
⟦7⟧
⟦1970⟧
Recruitment Department / Karrada Al-Sharqiya
Document numbered Sh/244 dated 5/5/1970 attached
with (Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra) issued by the administration of this school
With highest respect.
The Principal
⟦illegible⟧
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION OVERSEAS - INDIVIDUAL RESULTS NOTICE
JUNE 1970
DPGC 15.
CENTRE No.: 90670
CENTRE NAME: BAGHDAD, IRAQ
CANDIDATE No.: 00261
CANDIDATE NAME: JAMIL SHAMOUN YOUSIF EZRA
LEVEL | SUBJECT CODE No. AND TITLE | GRADE
ORDINARY | 080 CHEMISTRY | H FAIL
ORDINARY | 370 ADD. MATHS. | C PASS
ORDINARY | 540 PHYSICS | H FAIL
P.T.O.
Page 66
(( In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful ))
School Directorate
Shamash Private Preparatory School
Number: Sh / 801 / 70
Date: 18 / 5 / 1970
Recruitment Department / Karrada Al-Sharqiya
Greetings.
We confirm to you that the document numbered Sh / 244 and dated 5 / 5 / 1970 attached
herewith, which belongs to (Jamil Shamoon Yusuf Ezra), was issued by the administration of this school.
Please be informed.
With our highest respect.
⟦illegible⟧
The Principal
Page 67
S/ 79 / 70
5 / 5 / 1970
Ministry of Education
Iraqi
« Secondary School Certificate »
Number: 000082
School Directorate: Shamash Private Preparatory School
(In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful)
Shamash Preparatory School (Private)
Shamash Preparatory School
Private
Baghdad
New Alwiyah
Phone 91693
Number: S/ 79 / 70
Date: 5 / 5 / 1970
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Greetings.
We enclose herewith the two documents numbered S/ 243 and 244 dated
5 / 5 / 1970 belonging to the students Fouad Yaqoub Ibrahim Abdul Aziz
and Jamil Shamoun Yousef Ezra for certification.
Please accept our highest respect.
The Principal
Samha Naseem
⟦illegible⟧
School Discipline Identity Number: 41 2/9/1964
From our school
And obtained
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
Page 69
Number: 000082
School Directorate: Shamash Private Preparatory School
No. /: ⟦illegible⟧
Date: 21 / 9 / 1970
Examination Number:
Ministry of Education
Iraq
« Secondary School Document »
Photography
x
School ⟦Shamash Private Preparatory School⟧
No. ⟦illegible⟧
Date ⟦illegible⟧
Baghdad
To /: ⟦Al-Karrada Al-Sharqiya Recruitment Officer⟧
The student ⟦Yousef Ezra Yousef Ezra⟧ whose photo is attached above is a student in the ⟦Fifth Scientific⟧ grade of our school
He entered the exam for the year 1969 / 1970 and his result was ⟦-⟧ in the ⟦-⟧ session and he obtained
the grades listed on the back and based on his request we provided him with this document.
1 - He was admitted according to the transfer certificate numbered ⟦11⟧ dated 8 / 8 / 1968 issued by ⟦Watan Middle School for Boys⟧
in ⟦Baghdad⟧
2 - Documents previously provided to him.
The entity the document is addressed to | Number | Date | Document Type
⟦Not provided⟧ | | |
3 - Grades failed, number of failing years, and reason for failure (illness or otherwise): ⟦-⟧
4 - Subjects for which he has incompletes: ⟦None⟧
5 - His behavior and attendance regularity: ⟦Very Good⟧
6 - Date he left school: ⟦Still affiliated with this school⟧
7 - Was he provided with a transfer certificate: ⟦No, except for this document⟧
School Clerk
⟦Signature⟧
School Principal
⟦Signature⟧
Civil Status Identity Number: ⟦41⟧ on ⟦2 / 9 / 1964⟧
Page 70
Grade batch in ⟦illegible⟧
22 / 7 / 69
Annual sentences taken ⟦illegible⟧
Taken from the department after auditing
FRANK INY SCHOOL
& SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL
New Alwiyah-Baghdad
IRAQ
Date:: 25th Aug. 1969
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
This is to certify that Mr/Miss Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra
has just finished/or/has finished in June/September 19 69 ,/or/ is at the Fourth
present attending the Graduating class (Fifth Scientific Form/ Fifth
Commercial Form) or ⟦line⟧ of Shamash Secondary School/or/of Frank Iny
Intermediate School which, in standard, is equivalent roughly to grade 12
or ⟦line⟧ of the American High School.
Following is a summary of his/her Secondary School Record with some
relevant details:
Name:: Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra
Birth Date:: 9/11/1952
Home Address:: <del>1A/5/1</del> 3/4/35, Mashah, Baghdad, Iraq.
Schools Attended:: 1. Menahem Daniel Primary School (October 19 ⟦line⟧ - June/Sept. 19 ⟦line⟧ )
2. Frank Iny Primary School (October 19 59 - June/Sept. 19 62 )
3. Frank Iny Intermediate School, (October 19 65 - June/Sept. 19 68 ).
4. Shamash Secondary School, (October 19 68 - June/Sept. 19 ⟦line⟧ ) (Still attending at present).
Arithmetic, Trigonometry,
Plane Geometry, Algebra
and Physics.
The above schools: Frank Iny School and
Shamash Secondary School, New Alwiyah, Baghdad, Iraq.
(A) Marking System in both/these/schools: | (B) Marking System followed in the Baccalaureate Examinations for Secondary Education:
Highest mark is 100.
Minimum passing mark in each subject is 50.
Minimum average passing mark in all subjects (i.e. Certificate) is 60.
College Recommending mark is 70.
Honour mark is 85- upward. | 1. Highest mark is 100.
| 2. Minimum passing mark in each subject is 50.
| 3. Honour mark is 85-upward.
| 4. Average mark in all subjects qualifying for admission to the University of Baghdad in the fall of 1968, was is 67-upward.
Class periods in both/or these/Schools are: 45 minutes,
40 times a week,
36 weeks a year.
Secretary to the Education Committee: Mr. A.S. Obadiah.
* Note 1. In accordance with a special decision of the Ministry of Education, the above system of marking was not adhered to, for the academic year 1957-1958 only.
* Note 2. For the academic year 1958-1959, the minimum passing mark in each subject was considered 40 instead of 50 for that year only, by a special decision of the Ministry of Education.
(cont'd. p.2)..
⟦illegible⟧
Subject | Fourth General Grade | Fifth Grade | Sixth Ministerial Grade
| Grade in numbers | Grade in words | Grade in numbers | Grade in words | Grade in numbers | Grade in words
Page 71
Grade book on 22 / 7 / 69
Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra
Taken from the school file
FRANK INY SCHOOL
& SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL
New Alwiyah-Baghdad
IRAQ
Date:: 25th June 1969
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
This is to certify that Mr/Miss Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra
has just finished/or/has finished in June/September 19 69 , /or/ is at the Fourth
present attending the Graduating class (Fifth Scientific Form/ Fifth
Commercial Form) or ⟦line⟧ of Shamash Secondary School/or/of Frank Iny
Intermediate School which, in standard, is equivalent roughly to grade 12
or ⟦line⟧ of the American High School.
Name:: Jamil Shamoun Yousif Ezra
Birth Date:: 9/11/1952
Home Address:: <del>1A/5/1</del> 3/4/35, Masbah, Baghdad, Iraq.
Schools Attended:: 1. Menahem Daniel Primary School
(October 19 - June/Sept. 19 )
2. Frank Iny Primary School
(October 1959 - June/Sept. 1965)
3. Frank Iny Intermediate School,
(October 1965 - June/Sept. 1968).
4. Shamash Secondary School,
(October 1968 - June/Sept. 19 - )
(still attending at present).
Address of/both Schools/All the above schools: Frank Iny School and
Shamash Secondary School, New Alwiyah, Baghdad, Iraq.
(A) Marking System in both/these/schools: (B) Marking System followed in the
Baccalaureate Examinations for
Secondary Education:
1. Highest mark is 100.
Highest mark is 100. 2. Minimum passing mark in
Minimum passing mark in each each subject is 50.
subject is 50. 3. Honour mark is 85-upward.
Minimum average passing mark in all 4. Average mark in all subjects
subjects (i.e. Certificate) is 60. qualifying for admission to
College Recommending mark is 70. the University of Baghdad in the fall
Honour mark is 85.- upward. was is 67-upward. of 1968,
Class periods in both/or these/Schools are: 45 minutes,
40 times a week,
36 weeks a year.
Secretary to the Education Committee: Mr. A.S. Obadiah.
* Note 1. In accordance with a special decision of the Ministry of Education,
the above system of marking was not adhered to, for the academic year 1957-
1958 only.
* Note 2. For the academic year 1958-1959, the minimum passing mark in each
subject was considered 40 instead of 50 for that year only, by a special
decision of the Ministry of Education.
(cont'd.p.2)..
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
Subject | Fourth General Grade | Fifth Grade | Sixth Ministerial Grade
| Grade in numbers | Grade in words | Grade in numbers | Grade in words | Grade in numbers | Grade in words
Page 74
FRANK INY SCHOOL
& SHAMASH SECONDARY SCHOOL
-P.4-
Date: / /
Note:1. Highest mark in both ordinary and advanced level subjects
is 100. Lowest passing mark in ordinary level subjects is 45.
Lowest passing mark in advanced level subjects is 40. Marks
from 30 to 39 inclusive in the advanced level subjects are
considered a pass at the ordinary level.
Note 2: Highest grade in both ordinary and advanced level subjects is1.
Lowest passing grade in ordinary level, as well as advanced
level subjects is 6. Grades 7 & 8 in advanced level subjects
are considered a pass at the ordinary level.
Note 3: Grades A, B, C, D, E and O are grades of pass in descending
order of merit for ordinary level subjects. For advanced
level subjects, Grades A to E are passing grades in order
of merit. Grade O in advanced level subjects, is considered
a pass at the ordinary level.
8. The above student took the Scholastic Aptitute Test and the Achieve-
ment Tests given by the College Entrance Examination Board of Box 592,
Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A., administered by their examination
centre in Baghdad in March/December/February/May 19 . His or/her
marks in these Test were as follows:
Scholastic Aptitute Test (SAT) | Achievement Tests | | | |
Verbal | Mathematical | English | Advanced Math. | Physics | Chemistry.
⟦line⟧ | ⟦line⟧ | ⟦line⟧ | ⟦line⟧ | ⟦line⟧ | ⟦line⟧
800 | 800 | 800 | 800 | 800 | 800
Note: Highest mark is 800, Lowest mark is 200.
9. The above candidate has also passed the Iraq State Baccalaureate
Examination for Secondary Education, Scientific/Commercial/Section,
in June/September 19 ranking among candidates from
Shamash Secondary School and among candidates from all
Schools in Baghdad/Iraq.
He/She is now eligible for entry into any higher institute of
University standard in Iraq . or . He/She is now eligible for entry
into the College of Commerce or the School of Economics or the
College of Literature of the University of Baghdad.
In addition to the above, Mr/Miss
sat or will be sitting in January 19 or in June 19 for the
London University G.C.E. Examinations in Physics, etc.
at the ordinary level and in English Literature
at the Advanced level. The results of these examinations are expected
to be announced by the British Council in Baghdad, sometime in the
first half of next October/April. The above candidate has high hopes
of passing in all of them.
Prior to his/her joining Frank Iny Intermediate/Primary School
in October 19 , the above candidate/Mr/Miss
did six/seven or years of Primary Schooling at/the old-
established Alliance School in Baghdad which was united with Frank
Iny Primary School in October 1951,/or/Frank Iny Primary School,/or/
Menahem Daniel Primary School.
⟦School⟧
⟦...⟧
(cont'd.p.5)