Voices from the Archive

IJA 3073

Correspondence between Baghdadi Jewish Schools and Iraqi Ministry of Education; Name Changes of Streets in Baghdad

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Description

This is correspondence from the Iraqi Ministry of Education and Office of Education in Baghdad to all school administrations with regards to public health for students, the battle against illiteracy, school statistics, school inspectors, explaining amendments to the personal status law, the opening of a new school, personnel issues, administrative instructions, school daily and annual calendars, extracurricular activities, transfer of students, exams, curriculum standards, a national anthem contest, book lists, girl and boy scouts, lists of school administrative officials, and field trips. Also included is a list of recent name changes of streets and public square names throughout Baghdad.

Metadata

Archive Reference
IJA 3073
Item Number
15740
Date
Approx. January 1, 1961 to December 31, 1970
Languages
Arabic
Keywords
Financial, Employment, Teachers, Pan-Arabism, Typed, Association for Iraqi Students, Iraqi Government, School Material, Legal, Labor, Letterhead, Revolutionary Command Council, Postage Stamp, Ministry of Health, Frank Iny School, Office of Public Health, Office of Education – Baghdad, Correspondence, Directorate of Education, Annotation, Ministry of Agriculture

AI en Translation, Pages 126-150

Page 126

"In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"
"Copy of the Circular"
In view of the positive impact that cooperation between the home and the school has on creating a school atmosphere
that is beloved to the souls of our sons and daughters, the students, and encouraging them to study and achieve
with increasing desire and longing, and in view of the necessity for teachers to understand many aspects
of their students' lives to assist them in facilitating their education and studies on one hand,
and for fathers and mothers to be aware of the progress of their sons and daughters in school and what that
requires in terms of communication and consultation with the teaching staff, we therefore emphasize the necessity
of all school administrations forming Parent-Teacher Associations and Mother-Teacher
Associations, electing their administrative bodies, and taking the necessary measures to organize
the essential communications with the fathers and mothers of students regarding the problems of their sons and daughters
and providing us with the results.
Signed / Minister of Education
Dr. Ahmed Abdul Sattar
Al-Jawari
⟦line⟧
The Iraqi Republic
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Al-Rusafa
Administration
Number /: 7-522
Date /: 18 / 12 / 963
To all school administrations
Subject / Parent-Teacher Associations
Above is a copy of the letter from the General Directorate of Education / Basic, numbered
68931 and dated 12 / 12 / 963, for your review and implementation of its contents, please.
Youssef Mohammed Farid
Director of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Al-Rusafa
18 / 12
A copy to -
General Directorate of Education / Basic / Reference to its letter above for your kind information.
General Directorate of Education / Secondary / Primary
General Directorate of Administration / Personnel
General Inspectorate of Education
All male and female inspectors
Secondary Education and Administration Personnel
Primary Education Personnel
School Activity Observer
Al-Tamimi / 17

Page 127

For filing
⟦illegible⟧
12/22/1963
"In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"
"Copy of the Letter"
Further to our letter No. 20930 dated 12/4/1963.
We list below the text of the pledge to be taken from members of the dissolved National Guard
pursuant to the Military Governor General's telegram No. 1331 dated 11/26/1963, noting that the said
pledge is not subject to financial stamp duty according to paragraph 25 of the schedule of exempted papers in the Stamp Duty
Law No. 50 of 1950, as amended.
Signed / On behalf of the Minister of Finance
Sabih Kubba
"Copy of the Pledge"
I, the former National Guard member ⟦line⟧
with a salary of ⟦line⟧ in ⟦line⟧ pledge that I have not received
nor am I currently in possession of weapons, equipment, or ammunition belonging to the military authorities, the police, or the former National Guard
authorities or any other entity, and otherwise I shall bear all resulting responsibilities.
Signed in my presence
Signature of the competent personnel officer | Signature
Name of the competent personnel officer | Name
Date / / | Date / /
⟦line⟧
The Iraqi Republic
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Administration
"Immediate"
Number / 52504
Date / 12 / 19 / 1963
To all school administrations
Subject / Copy of a Pledge
Further to our circular No. 50289 on 12/8/1963.
Above is a copy of the Ministry of Finance letter No. 20562 dated 12/5/1963 regarding
the form of the pledge to be signed by members of the dissolved National Guard, please review and act accordingly
and provide us with them immediately.
Youssef Mohammed Farid
Director of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Copy to -
Headquarters of the Military Governor General
General Inspectorate of Education
Directorate of General Administration / Personnel / Reference to its letter No. 69180 on 12/14/1963 -
For your kind information.
General Directorate of Education / Secondary / Primary
To all male and female inspectors
To all departments of the Directorate
Chief Administrative Observer
Al-Tamimi 1 / 7

Page 129

For filing
⟦illegible⟧
12/22/963
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Primary Accounts
"In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"
Number - 25270
Date - 12 / 19 / 1963
19
To -
Administrations of all primary schools for boys and girls and kindergartens
all of them
Subject / Economy in Electricity
We transmit to you below a copy of the memorandum of the Inspector Mr. Abdul Jabbar Shawkat Al-Najjar
Numbered 34 on 12 / 7 / 1963. Please observe what is stated therein and do not turn on
electricity except in cases of extreme necessity only.
⟦illegible⟧
Khalil Fayyad Al-Jubouri
p.p. Director of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Copy to -
General Inspectorate of Education
Inspectorate of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Primary Accounting - Mr. Muhammad Ali Mohsen Al-Budair
- Copy of the Memorandum -
I noticed that natural lighting (sunlight) is available in many classrooms
and rooms, yet electric lamps were lit in them. I request you to kindly recommend
economizing on electricity when it is not needed, out of concern for state funds.
Abdul Jabbar Shawkat Al-Najjar
Acting Inspector in Baghdad
Rusafa
File

Page 132

Save
⟦illegible⟧
12/20/963
556
12/19
-/ Copy of the Council of Ministers' Letter /-
A review of the agricultural situation in our country for years past clarifies that those responsible for agricultural
policy in the recent past fell significantly short in mobilizing the efforts of our farmers and their massive energies and rallying them
in the field of venturing to invest in our vast lands in many of the southern provinces in particular, to plant fruit
trees of various kinds, especially citrus fruits.
The expansion in investing more of our arable lands and diversifying our agricultural products of extreme
importance, such as fruit trees in general and citrus fruits in particular, and ensuring their abundance, quality, and mastery of
their marketing, allows this country, ancient in its vitality and the abundance of its agricultural production, to renew its agricultural revolution
in a world that has made great strides in the industrial and agricultural revolutions. In this, there is enrichment and support for the national income
and for our balance of rare foreign currencies, whether by achieving self-sufficiency in these agricultural products in
a way that limits our importation of them, or by achieving a surplus in them that allows us to export them. Since this targeted
economic achievement requires sustained administrative support, we therefore request and emphasize to administrative officials
the necessity of supporting the representatives of the agricultural sector and the Ministry of Agriculture and assisting them earnestly in urging citizen
farmers and growers and encouraging them to plant fruit trees and to proceed with organizing a nursery project for this
purpose in every village, town, and city, leaving the matter of determining its area to the discretion of the administrative official and the representatives
of distributing these nurseries, while emphasizing the investment of the desire of prominent farmers and others by motivating members
of organizations, students, teachers, and all other citizens qualified for such work to contribute
to this project voluntarily, so that this contribution may be a testament to the sincerity of their national sentiment and a pure participation
in the service and development of national production.
Accordingly, it has been designed on the scale of the Iraqi state in all its provinces. As for the northern provinces in particular,
nurseries for fruit trees of all kinds should be established, as well as pistachios, almonds, and the like, especially those
trees whose wood can be utilized in construction and building works. An inspection will be conducted for all producing
nurseries at the level of the country as a whole to announce the best of these nurseries in terms of output and the most abundant in production. It is important to us
to receive your proposals in a timely manner, accompanied by the proposals of the competent administrative authorities in each province in this regard, with
a precise statement of your administrative needs from now and before the arrival of the nursery planting season next spring, in order
to enable the taking of necessary measures to handle matters related to this issue completely starting from the next season.
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Prime Minister
The Iraqi Republic
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Province / Al-Rusafa
Artistic Activity
Number 7-518
Date 12 / 16 / 1963
To / All school administrations
Above is a copy of the letter from the Office of the Council of Ministers. Please review it and act accordingly.
Youssef Mohammed Farid
Director of Education for Baghdad Province / Al-Rusafa
Copy to /
Office of the Council of Ministers
Directorate of Primary Education / General Vocational / Agricultural Education / Your letter 66732
on 12 / 2 / 1963
Ministry of Agrarian Reform
Ministry of Agriculture
Directorate of Agricultural Education
Artistic Activity
⟦illegible signature⟧
Mutasher 1/1

Page 134

(( Image of the Circular ))
Subject / Tuition fees in private and foreign schools
Evening schools
⟦10 / 8 / 63⟧
Based on the requirements of the public interest and based on what was stated in Article Four of the decision of the Council of
Education and Teaching taken at its thirtieth session held on Saturday, 29 / 6 / 63, it was decided
to set the tuition fees in private evening schools as follows: -
1- In intermediate schools (10) ten dinars
2- In preparatory schools, both scientific and literary branches (12) twelve dinars
3- In commercial preparatory schools (14) fourteen dinars
4- In summer courses held by private schools for the intermediate and preparatory stages of study
(2) two dinars per month for each lesson.
Please take note and circulate this to all intermediate, secondary, and commercial evening preparatory schools
affiliated with you to act accordingly and put it into effect immediately starting from this academic year, noting that this
Ministry will not hesitate to take the strictest disciplinary measures against the school administration that refuses to
apply this circular of ours and that does not comply with official orders and instructions, and inform us.
We provide you above with a copy of the circular of the Directorate of General / Private Education No. 34145
dated 9 / 7 / 63 for review regarding the prescribed fees, hoping for its application and action accordingly.
Youssef Mohammed Nouri
Director of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Copy to -
Directorate of General / Private Education
All male and female inspectors
Personnel of Secondary and Private Education
Student Affairs Supervisor
Nouri 6 / 8

Page 136

Continued / 2
Twelve: If there is more than one type of the same substance, such as being manufactured by more than one company
or differing in its degree of purity or some secondary specifications, each type of it should be recorded on the same
page while mentioning its features; examples of that include granulated zinc and acids of different
purity, and others.
Thirteen: It is not permissible to use the five fields under the title (Consumed or Issued Quantity) mentioned
on each page of the register pages by teachers or laboratory assistants before obtaining approval
from this directorate to consume the substance or device or send it to another party.
Fourteen: - A true copy of the records of each school is sent to the Directorate of Laboratories for auditing at
dates specified by this directorate for Baghdad schools and for the secondary warehouse in other provinces.
Fifteen: It is not permissible to sign the register pages for receiving the substance recorded therein during the process of
handover and takeover; rather, special lists are prepared for this purpose in which the contents of the register are listed
after matching them with what is present in the school laboratory.
Sixteen: Laboratory furniture is recorded in a special furniture register provided by the Directorate of Education.
Fadhil 7/27

Page 137

Directorate of Education for Baghdad District / Rusafa
Supplies
Number / 27964
Date / 21 / 7 / 1963
Mr. Ahmed
Please contact Mr. Hazem
to note what was stated in this letter
⟦illegible⟧ 24 / 7
To / Directors of Secondary, Intermediate, Vocational, and Home Arts Schools
affiliated with this Directorate, all of them
Subject / Confirmation of a request
Reference to the letters of the Directorate of General Administration / Laboratories 8 3695 and 9 3695
on 24 / 7 / 963 and confirming our letter 23965 on 26 / 5 / 1962 and on the occasion of the
hot summer season and for fear of some dangers occurring, we request the specialized teachers
in your schools to act urgently as follows / -
1 - Bottles containing white phosphorus must be filled with water
2 - Bottles containing potassium and sodium must be filled with kerosene
3 - Do not keep bottles of acids and volatile substances near microscopes and scales
and ensure that the bottles are tightly closed
4 - The following volatile substances must be kept in a cool and dark place or in an ice box
if possible to preserve them, which are / -
Acetone | Carbon disulfide
Ether | Carbon tetrachloride
Petroleum ether | Ethyl alcohol
Benzene | Methyl alcohol
Bromine | Chloroform
Saleh Abdul Ghani Kubba
For/ Director of Education for Baghdad District / Rusafa
Copy to / -
General Inspectorate of Education / Secondary / for your kind information
General Directorate of Education / Secondary / for your kind information
General Directorate of Vocational Education / Industrial / Agricultural / Home Arts for your kind information
Directorate of General Administration / Laboratories / Ministry / matching the emergency plan / your letter
above for your kind information
Secondary Accountant and Administration for information
Head of Observers / Supplies / for information .
Yassin / 30

Page 139

The Iraqi Republic
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Brigade / Al-Rusafa
Primary Accounts
For Filing
228
8/8
963
Number: 27566
Date: 7 / 7 / 1963
To /: Administrations of all primary schools for boys and girls and kindergartens
Please note the names that appear in the salary lists of your schools' employees and staff and inform us of any error
and changes that may occur when writing names via an official letter with the correct names and titles so that we can correct them
and avoid repeating the error in the future.
Saleh Abdul Ghani Kubba
For/ Director of Education for Baghdad Brigade / Al-Rusafa
Copy to /
All directorate departments for information
Primary Accountant / Salaries
Abdullah / 27

Page 140

Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education for Baghdad / Rusafa District
Secondary Accounts
Number / 27537
Date / 7 / 7 / 1963
Lufa
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
To / All school administrations associated with this directorate
28
The Directorate of General Technical Affairs / Curricula and Books / Libraries recommends acquiring copies
of the Comprehensive Culture Magazine (with conjunctions). Due to the mentioned directorate's belief in its benefit
for students and teachers, it recommends that school libraries include issues of this
magazine and purchase them from the proceeds of school activity donations designated for libraries.
Note that the price per copy is only one hundred fils.
Salih Abdul Ghani Kubba
On behalf of / Director of Education for Baghdad / Rusafa District
A copy to /
Directorate of General Technical Affairs / Directorate of Curricula and Books / Libraries / Your letter No.
23273 on 6 / 7 / 1963 for information
Secondary Education Accountant / Mr. Mohsen Al-Dulaimi
Al-Bayati 7 / 25

Page 142

-- Copy of the Letter --
The student (Harsh Manaktala), of Indian nationality, sent a letter requesting to obtain
Iraqi pen pals (of any gender) between the ages of 13 - 18 who are
stamp collectors. Please review, instruct, and circulate this to the intermediate
and secondary schools under your jurisdiction. Below is the address of the mentioned student.
Harsh Manaktala
49 - Lawrence Road
Amritsar
Punjab / India
On behalf of the Director of General Education
Badr Faris Al-Saad
Republic of Iraq:
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Province / Rusafa:
Student Affairs:
Number -: 27402
Date -: 27 / 7 / 1963 To = -
Administrations of Secondary and Intermediate Schools for Boys and Girls
We transmit above a copy of the letter from the Directorate of General Education No. 36487 dated
21 / 7 / 1963, requesting it be announced to the students of your school.
Youssef Mohammed Farid
Director of Education for Baghdad Province / Rusafa
Copy to = -
Directorate of General Education / Secondary for your kind information please
Student Affairs
Fadel 7/25
Archive
⟦152⟧
⟦28/7/63⟧

Page 144

Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Brigade / Rusafa
Sports Activity
Number - 27028
Date - 7 / 7 / 1963
⟦illegible⟧
- Very Urgent -
29 / 7 / 963
To -
Administrations of all Secondary, Intermediate, Vocational Schools, and Teachers' Training Institutes
for Men and Women
Subject/ Sending Information
We list below a copy of Memorandum No. 11 dated 11 / 5 / 1963 submitted by the Specialist
Inspector for Physical Education, Mr. Nuri Ahmed Saleh, and communicated to us by the letter of the General
Inspectorate of Education No. 1383 dated 21 / 7 / 1963, which includes a request for information about male
and female physical education teachers and male and female physical education instructors assigned to teach physical
education in intermediate and secondary schools, teachers' training institutes, and vocational schools.
Please review and take the necessary action by sending the photographs and information to the General Inspectorate
of Education directly and informing us.
Ali Hassan Al-Shadidi
For/ Director of Education for Baghdad Brigade / Rusafa
Copy to -
General Inspectorate of Education - in three copies - your letter above
General Directorate of Physical Education
Directorate of General Education - Secondary
Directorate of General Education - Primary
Directorate of General Vocational Education - Home Arts
" " " " - Industrial Education
" " " " - Commercial Education
" " " " - Teacher Training
Education for Baghdad Brigade - Karkh
Supervisor of Physical Education Affairs for Girls' Schools, Miss Adiba Al-Atraqchi
Supervisor " " " " " " " " "
Secondary Personnel
Primary Personnel
- Copy of the Memorandum -
My colleague, the specialist inspector Mr. Majid Mohammed Al-Samarrai, and I will organize personal cards
for male and female physical education teachers and for supervisors of physical education and scouting affairs in the brigade
to refer to when writing reports, according to the attached model. Therefore, please kindly circulate to
the Directorates of Education in all brigades to send one copy of the photograph
for each male and female teacher and for each male and female instructor assigned to teach physical education in intermediate
and secondary schools, teachers' training institutes, vocational schools, and supervisors of physical education
and scouting affairs in the brigade, as well as sending the information listed below... provided that the photographs
and information are sent directly to the General Inspectorate of Education.
01 Full name with title (if any)
02 Place and date of birth
03 Permanent residence address
04 Single or married
05 Number of children
06 Education and year of graduation
07 Date of first appointment
08 Date of joining the school
09 Current salary
10 Date of last promotion
11 Cadre (teacher or assigned instructor)
Signature / Specialist Inspector
Nuri Ahmed Saleh
Fadhil 24 / 7

Page 145

For filing
⟦illegible⟧
7/29/963
231
7/29
/ Copy of the Letter /
Based on what this Ministry has sensed regarding the need of official and semi-
official departments and private institutions for specialists in commercial and financial subjects, and in line with
the interim curriculum of the blessed 14th of Ramadan Revolution, the Council of Education approved in its session
held on 6/29/963 the opening of a commercial branch for graduates of intermediate studies
(Baccalaureate) in each of the Mosul and Basra Governorates at the beginning of the next school year
63/964. Students wishing to join this branch from the governorates of Mosul
and Basra must register their applications at the Directorate of Education of their governorate starting from the date
above until 8/31/1963.
On behalf of the Minister of Education
Dr. Mohammed Al-Mashat
The Iraqi Republic
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Certificates
Number / 27018
Date / 7/31/1963
To / Administrations of Secondary and Intermediate Schools for Boys
Subject / Registration of students in the commercial branch
24
Above is a copy of the letter from the General Directorate of Vocational Education - Commercial Education
No. 34981 dated 7/13/963. Please announce the notice in writing
to the students of your school.
⟦signature⟧
Youssef Mohammed Farid
Director of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Copy to / -
General Directorate of Vocational Education / Commercial Education for information, please.
Certificates
Notice Board
Yassin / 7/22/63

Page 146

222
7/29
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education for Baghdad District / Al-Rusafa
Secondary Personnel and Administration
Number / 1207
Date / 25 / 7 / 1963
Noted
⟦illegible⟧
29 / 7 / 963
<del>Secret and Urgent</del>
To / All School Administrations
Subject / Nomination of Inspectors
The Council of Education has approved the opening of an educational course for those
wishing to work in inspection at the College of Education for a period of one year
according to the following conditions
Please notify the teaching staff of this and send their applications
to us before August 10, 1963
1- To be a holder of higher degrees
2- To have spent a period of actual service in teaching and administration
not less than five years successfully
3- Not to have been punished with a disciplinary penalty due to a breach of duties
in education and administration
4- To be known for his cultural, social, and athletic activity
5- The course begins at the start of the university academic year
6- Each participant in the course will teach (18) hours per week
in his original specialization in Baghdad
Youssef Mohammed Farid
Director of Education for Baghdad District / Al-Rusafa
Copy to / -
General Inspectorate of Education / Your secret letter 7612 on 21 / 7 / 963
All male and female inspectors
Chief of Administrative Observers to consolidate the answers.
Yassin / 25 / 7 / 963

Page 147

222
7/24
For filing
⟦illegible⟧
7/22/963
The Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Al-Rusafa
Secondary Personnel
Number 26691
Date 7 / 7 / 1963 To / Administrations of all intermediate, secondary, and vocational schools
Subject / Absence
With reference to the letter of the Directorate of General Education / Secondary No. 31378 dated 6 / 28 / 1963.
Please inform us when a member of the teaching staff in your schools is absent as soon as they are absent and without delay -
Please also inform us when they resume work, stating the reason for this absence, and we advise you to adhere to the formal procedures in the future.
Youssef Mohammed Farid
Director of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Al-Rusafa
Copy to /
Directorate of General Education / Secondary for your kind information and with reference to its letter above
Secondary Education Personnel / in two copies
Abdullah / 18
(( Copy of the Letter ))
We have noticed that some female and male teachers leave Iraq on study missions while they are responsible for their school
laboratories without conducting the handover and takeover process for these laboratories, and in such cases,
some shortages appear in the equipment and materials in their custody. Therefore, we request you to note this, and obtaining a clearance
for such individuals is an essential condition for approving their travel according to the observed procedures.
Signature
For / Director of General Administration
Thair Hammadi
The Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Al-Rusafa
Secondary Personnel
Number 26692
Date 7 / 7 / 1963 To / Administrations of all secondary, intermediate, and vocational schools
Subject / Liability Clearance
Above is a copy of the circular of the Directorate of General Administration / Laboratories 34989 on 7 / 13 / 1963.
For your information ⟦and to act accordingly, please⟧
Youssef Mohammed Farid
Director of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Al-Rusafa
Copy to /
Directorate of General Administration / Laboratories
All male and female inspectors
Secondary Education Personnel
Accountant "
Supplies Department
Abdullah / 18

Page 149

215
7/21
For filing
⟦illegible⟧
22 / 7 / 63
- Copy of the letter -
This Directorate is pleased to inform you that the Baghdad Sewerage Project (Phase One) bounded
between Bab al-Sharqi to the north, the Al-Rashid Camp embankment to the south, the Eastern Embankment to the east, and
Abu Nuwas Street and Ibn al-Razzaz Street to the west, has been completed and will be operational soon.
Therefore, please take the initiative to connect the sewers of the properties belonging to you located in the area
mentioned above in order to benefit from this vital project.
This Directorate expresses its readiness to provide all technical assistance
and facilities regarding the method of constructing these sewers.
Signed / Director General
Dr. Najm al-Din al-Maani
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Contracts
Number - 25795
Date - 12 / 7 / 1963
To /
All administrations of primary, intermediate, and secondary schools and kindergartens
occupying rented buildings
Subject / Sewer Connection
We list above a copy of the Ministry of Municipalities letter No. 4713 dated 25 / 6 / 963
communicated to us by the letter of the Directorate of General Administration - Personnel - No. 33533 dated -
on 7 / 7 / 963. Please contact the owners of your school buildings and request them to connect
the wastewater sewers to the public sewers and inform us as quickly as possible.
⟦signature⟧
Saleh Abdul Ghani Kubba
For the Director of Education for Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Copy to :-
Directorate of General Administration / Accounts - with reference to your letter above, please
be informed, requesting your mediation with the competent authority to connect
the sewers of the buildings belonging to the Ministry of Education and occupied by
intermediate, secondary, and arts schools to the public sewers
and inform us.
Presidency of the General Governorate Council / Baghdad Governorate Administration - for the same purpose ... please be informed
and mediate with the competent authority to connect the sewers of the buildings
belonging to you and occupied by schools to the public sewers
and inform us please
Secondary Accounts
Primary Accounts
Contracts Office -
For information
Fadhil 13 / 7