Correspondence about Anti-Jewish Sentiments, Education Information; Statement Condemning Zionism
View interactive document pageIncluded in this item are correspondence from the Baghdadi Jewish community to the Iraqi and British governments concerning increasing anti-Jewish and sectarian harassment experienced by community members, correspondence signed by Sir Kinahan Cornwallis, and summaries of the Jewish Daily Post. This item also contains documents describing the arrest of individuals, restrictions on movement, and a violent attack on the Jewish residents of a village near Mosul in early 1941. Also in the documents are: newspaper clippings announcing students accepted into different institutions of higher education; a section of a 1948 newspaper with articles pertaining to the Arab-Israeli War of 1948; documents discussing education issues, such as Baghdadi Jewish students encountering difficulty in being accepted to certain state schools and failing tests at an unusually high rate, enrollment rates in schools, and teachers at Jewish schools suspected of propagating Zionism; a file folder with a student record, photograph, doctor’s notes, and examination results; a statement condemning Zionism signed by several prominent members of the Baghdadi Jewish community addressed to the Secretary of the League of Nations, Geneva.
5766 10 December 936 Secret To Al-Shorja Police Station Reference to your secret letter No. 371 dated 4 / 12 / 936 Since Menashi bin Nahum does not frequent this department, we have no knowledge of what he does during his visits to the Israeli Religious Court; ⟦signature⟧ On behalf of the Head of the Community
Baghdad Liwa Mutasarrifate ( Secret ) Number S/ 65 Department - Correspondence Date 14 / 2 / 1940 AD To the Presidency of the Jewish Community in Baghdad Subject: Menashe Nahum We have learned that the person named Menashe Nahum is practicing the work of a private agent for the Community Court of the Jewish community in following up on personal status matters without an official permit authorizing him to work (in law) in such matters that have been handled in the aforementioned court without objection. We request that you provide us with the truth ⟦immediately⟧ accompanied by your personal opinion on this matter. Acting Mutasarrif of Baghdad Liwa True Copy ⟦illegible⟧ 26 / 2 / 40
The Jewish Religious Court Baghdad, May God Protect It The Jewish Religious Court in Baghdad JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT BAGHDAD No. ⟦...⟧ Date ⟦...⟧ Number ⟦...⟧ Date ⟦...⟧ Telephone Number: 2583 Date: February 19, 1940 Secret His Eminence Rabbi Sassoon Khedouri, Respectfully President of the Jewish Community in Baghdad After greetings and respect, With reference to the letter from the Baghdad Provincial Governorate, Secret No. Sh/65 dated 2/14/1940, referred to us by your Eminence on February 18, 1940. The follow-up of lawsuits in the court does not depend on the presence or absence of official permission for the representative, because the court authorizes anyone who has knowledge of the principles of Mosaic Law to act as a proxy in these lawsuits. This is with respect to your Eminence. Attached - Original Letter ⟦illegible signature⟧ President of the Jewish Religious Court Baghdad
5826 20 February 1940 Secret Mutasarrifate of Baghdad Province Reference to your letter numbered S/65 and dated 14 / 2 / 1940 (Secret) We have received from the Israeli Religious Court in Baghdad that the follow-up of lawsuits in the court referred to does not depend on the presence or absence of official permission for the representative because the court authorizes anyone who has knowledge of the principles of Mosaic Law to act as an attorney in these lawsuits; ⟦Sassoon⟧ Head of the Community
It is a book with the Ministry of Education about that the purpose of opening this school is to relieve the pressure on the Central Preparatory School, by accepting Israeli students ⟦to the extent of⟧ <del>except for the ⟦number⟧ that cannot be accepted</del> in the Central Preparatory School due to the lack of space, and in this way the community feels that it is cooperating with the venerable Ministry of Education The text is in the handwriting of His Excellency the Minister of Education 9/22
Names of Students Accepted into the School of Pharmacy Abdul Hadi al-Khafaji and Ahmed Muhammad Jawad | ⟦illegible⟧ Mahmoud Jaafar al-Awqati and Jamil and Hadi Hashem and Naji Abdul Amir and Talib | Hamoud ⟦illegible⟧ and Akram Salim Baghdadi and Muhammad Halawi and Abdul Latif Rashid al-Attar and Yaqoub | Salman Jawad and Diran Karabet Baqfatjian al-Haboubi and Abdul Rahman Abdul Hafiz and Muhammad Hassan | and Ismail Abdullah Abdul Ahad and Louis Nasser al-Sarraf and Muhammad Taha Mufrij and Abdul Monem Makki | Elo and Younis Zako and Munshi Nassim and Shaul Bahia and Anwar Khalil and Salah al-Din Fawzi | Dawood Moallem . and Abdul Karim Salman Khudair and Shamil Rashid | ⟦line⟧ Names of Accepted Students in the Medical School at Government Expense From Baghdad: Hussein Thabit al-Orfali | From Diyala - Subhi Muhammad Jawad al-Bassam and Salman Dawood Taj al-Din and Salah al-Din | and Abdul Wahab Abdul Karim al-Saleh Tahsin Ali and Ibrahim Mustafa Abdullah and Sadiq | From Sulaymaniyah: Nuri Mustafa Bahjat Mahdi al-Hilali and Jawad Saeed Kamal al-Din | From al-Dulaim: Abdul Latif Khudair al-Ani and Naziha Raouf Mukhlis and Aliyah al-Rawi and Abdul | From Erbil: Abdul Aziz Younis Khaki al-Sahib al-Shammaa and Taha Hussein Fawzi and Fakhri | and Bahaa al-Din Oji and Ibrahim Aziz Dazali al-Hajj Sirri and Abdul Monem al-Darkazli and Baruch | From Kirkuk: Shawkat Shaker Ali Mordechai Shalom and Meir Hakham Aswad and Ibrahim | and Abdul Aziz Mahmoud Shukri Sofer and Nazim Shahin and Haqil Yousef and Sali | From al-Hilla: Asim Arif al-Qaisi From Mosul: Muhammad Yassin Muhammad Amin Agha | Those accepted at their own expense and Salem Fathi al-Sayegh and Salem Farouk al-Damlouji | Khalid Abdul Aziz al-Qassab and Mustafa Ibrahim and Ahmed Tawfiq al-Mira ⟦illegible⟧ and Masoud Bahaa al-Din | Adham and Tariq Jaafar al-Pachachi and Abdul Fattah al-Naqshbandi and Anis Jamil Abdul Karim and Jamil | al-Hajj Naji and Qutaiba al-Sheikh Nuri and Hamza Raouf Haddad and Sabriya Aziz Noshi and Salim | Ibrahim Munib and Abdul Samad Aman al-Adhami Jalal Dallali | and Hatif Makki and Raouf Abdul Karim al-Astarabadi From Basra: Muhammad Tawfiq Muhammad Ali | and Shibli Hassan Kamel and Younis Majid Saeed From Karbala: Khalil Jamil and Mahdi Murtada | and Hamza Ahmed al-Darzi and Muhammad Reza Ajina al-Saydali | and Salman Jumaa al-Sadiq and Fadel al-Hajj Ali From al-Muntafiq - Abdul Amir Abdul Karim | Agha and Khalid Yousef Ghanima Raima Tadios and Anwar Abdul Latif al-Ma'rouf | and George Touma Ossa and Saadallah Rizqallah From al-Kut - Farid Mahdi al-Ahmar | Jalil Matloub and Yousef Raphael and Victor From al-Diwaniyah - Muhammad Mohsen Abu Tabikh | Munshi Zarour and Anwar Munshi Qahtan and Ahmed Abdul Rasul Abdul Wahab Haddad | al-Hajj Mustafa Taha al-Salman
⟦illegible⟧ A general political daily newspaper Telegrams of this ⟦morning⟧ Bombing of an Italian naval base Alexandria on the 6th (Reuters) - The British Navy announced in the communiqué it issued that British naval units bombed during the second night of this month the air base and the Italian naval base in (Stampalia) of the (Dodecanese) islands Readiness of the US Navy for combat The US Secretary of the Navy warns of the Fifth Column Washington on the 6th (Reuters) - Lieutenant Colonel (Knox), Secretary of the United States Navy, stated in a speech he delivered to police officers yesterday, saying: that if war comes and a collision occurs, the United States Navy will meet it in the two oceans, just as the American army will engage enemies on the battlefields, and that it is the duty of the police not to allow any individual to stab these forces in the back when they are engaged in combat. The US Secretary of the Navy warned of ⟦the possibility⟧ of Fifth Column men carrying out movements in the United States and the authorities taking measures to isolate these secret forces and place them in locations where they cannot harm or injure. Appointment of an additional member to the British Air Council London on the 6th (Reuters) - Air Marshal Sir (Charles Portal), commander of British bomber aircraft, has been appointed Chief of the Air Staff for the British Air Force and an additional member of the Air Council, and Air Marshal Sir (Cyril Newall) has been sent to New Zealand as Governor-General there. An unknown aircraft drops bombs on Swedish territory London on the 6th - Reuters - The Swedish Minister Plenipotentiary in London filed a protest with the British Foreign Office yesterday morning regarding British aircraft dropping their bombs on Swedish territory on Thursday morning. The Air Ministry issued yesterday afternoon a statement in which it categorically denied the news of British aircraft flying over Swedish territory or near it during the period mentioned by the Swedish government. Procedures for evacuating Britons from the Baltic states Moscow on the 6th - Arrangements have been completed for the evacuation of British subjects totaling Year 19 1930 430 F 1
1940/5/22 1 | Ibrahim Hayyim | Attending 2 | Khedhouri Mashk | // 3 | Karmi Lawi | // 4 | Eliyahu Hayyim Tawfiq | // 5 | Ibrahim Al-Kubbi | // 6 | Yusuf Al-Kubbi | // 7 | Saleh Shaloat | // 8 | Saleh Qattan | Unable to attend 9 | Ezra Menachem | Unable to attend and wishes to hear the decision after the meeting 10 | Meir Zubaida | Attended 11 | Muayyad Atia | Not attending 12 | Ezra Habar | Not attending 13 | Ibrahim Nahum | Traveling to Iran 14 | Hafsi Kahla | Attended 15 | Yehuda Zalouf | Did not attend 1940/5/16 1 | Ezra Menachem | 2 | Ibrahim Moallem Nassim | 3 | Ibrahim Hayyim | 4 | Eliyahu Hayyim Tawfiq | Did not attend 9 | ⟦illegible⟧ | Did not attend 10 | Khedhouri Mashk | Did not attend 11 | Muayyad Atia | 12 | Karmi Lawi | Did not attend ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ for papers
The Honorable President of the Israelite Community in Baghdad Greetings and respect, It has become clear to this committee that both Mr. Hasib ⟦...⟧ and Mr. Abdul Hamid Al-Radi, who were appointed by the esteemed Ministry of Education to teach at the Shamash School, had visited the school to begin teaching on Sunday morning ⟦...⟧ 940. Since the person responsible for the school administration was on leave ⟦...⟧, the school clerk contacted the committee to receive orders. It was decided to postpone their start until the morning of the 27th of the month because the acting principal of the school, Mr. Tawfiq Basri, was absent due to illness, and his presence was necessary in the view of the committee to handle the distribution of lessons and classes to them, introduce them to the students, and monitor student discipline upon their first commencement of teaching. This is on one hand, and on the other hand, the school was about to close after only three days on the occasion of the holiday season. The aforementioned individuals were informed of the committee's opinion and were understood at the same time that this decision has no bearing on their salaries because the committee does not intend to infringe upon their rights. However, the mentioned teachers were not convinced by these orders and uttered inappropriate phrases, then entered the classrooms by force. This committee, ⟦although it has⟧ decided to close this case and not take any measures regarding it, yet the possibility of such incidents recurring <del>by the teachers</del> prompts it to request that measures be taken to ensure this does not happen again to preserve order and discipline within the schools. Accordingly, it finds it necessary that it be clear to the teachers appointed by the esteemed Ministry of Education in private schools according to Article 27 of the General Education Law No. 57 of the year 940 that they are subordinate to the schools in which they were appointed in all matters related to their duties, <del>whether that be</del> in terms of obeying the orders issued to them by the school administration regarding the manner of their attendance, the distribution of lessons to them, or otherwise. Therefore, we request your Excellency to mediate with the esteemed Ministry of Education to issue instructions according to the law clarifying this aspect so that these teachers may be fully aware that their appointment by the Ministry of Education has no bearing on the fact that they are linked, like other private school teachers, directly to their school administrations. Chairman of the Committee It was not sent, as it was decided to overlook this incident this time. ⟦Keep/Archive⟧ 11/20/940
Presidency of the Jewish Community in Mosul Number: Private Date: 12 / 1 / 941 His Eminence, the Sovereign Rabbi Sassoon Khedhouri, may his light shine President of the Jewish Community in Baghdad We inform you that a very painful incident occurred in the village of Sandur, belonging to the Dohuk district, which is that yesterday evening, approximately sixty armed persons attacked the aforementioned village and fired upon the people of the village, which is entirely Jewish, and killed eight of them and seriously wounded four who will almost certainly pass away, bringing the number of victims to 11. As for the reasons for this incident, they are still unknown, but we believe that there is no reason. Therefore, we submit this letter to your Eminence for information and to give us your opinion regarding this matter. Respectfully yours, sir; President of the Jewish Community in Mosul
Presidency of the Israelite Community in Mosul Number: Private Date: 12 / 1 / 941 His Eminence, the Honorable Rabbi Sassoon Khazzouri ⟦Honorable⟧ President of the Israelite Community in Baghdad We inform you that a very painful incident occurred in the village of Sandur, belonging to the Dohuk district, which is that yesterday evening, approximately sixty armed persons attacked the aforementioned village and fired upon the people of the village, which is entirely Jewish, and killed eight of them and wounded four seriously, and they will likely pass away, bringing the number of victims to 11. As for the reasons for this incident, they are still unknown until now, but we believe that we do not think there is a reason, and therefore we submit this letter to your Eminence for information and to give us your opinion regarding this matter, and remain in respect, sir, President of the Israelite Community in Mosul
JEWISH SCHOOLS COMMITTEE JEWISH SCHOOLS COMMITTEE BAGHDAD BAGHDAD No. 87 No. ⟦line⟧ Date: January 3, 1941 Date, ⟦line⟧ 193 His Excellency, the President of the Jewish Community, Respected After greetings and respect, The application of Article 27 of the General Education Law No. 57 of 1940 has cost the fund of the private schools belonging to us approximately six hundred Dinars this year, of which 350 Dinars were spent as compensation for male and female teachers whose services were dispensed with after the start of the school year, and 250 Dinars for the increase in salaries of new teachers compared to the old teachers. As our schools are in a state of permanent deficit and it is difficult to bear these additional expenses, we request your Excellency to mediate in reconsidering the aid paid by the esteemed Ministry of Education to these schools and increasing it to an appropriate level that compensates for these additional amounts. Our private schools have been and still are performing a significant portion of public services, and the good results they have always shown in general examinations are tangible evidence of the amount of effort exerted to implement the Ministry of Education's curriculum. Furthermore, replacing a significant number of its teachers with degree holders will be an important factor in obtaining more complete and better results. ⟦illegible signature⟧ President Presidency of the Jewish Community No. 7801 Date: 1/5/1941
6242 5 January 941 His Excellency the Minister of Education, the Respected After greetings. The application of Article 27 of the General Education Law No. 57 of the year 940 has cost the fund of the private schools affiliated with us about six hundred dinars this year, of which 350 dinars were spent as compensation for male and female teachers whose services were dispensed with after the start of the school year, and 250 dinars for the increase in the salaries of new teachers compared to the old teachers. As our schools are in a state of permanent deficit and it is difficult to bear these extra expenses, we hope your Excellency will be so kind as to reconsider the aid paid by the esteemed Ministry of Education to these schools and increase it to an appropriate level that compensates for these additional amounts. Our private schools have been and still are performing a significant portion of public services, and the good results they have always shown in general examinations are tangible evidence of the amount of effort exerted to implement the curriculum of the Ministry of Education, and the replacement of a significant number of its teachers with degree holders will be an important factor in obtaining more complete and better results. It is our full hope that your Excellency will be so kind as to include these educational institutions of ours in your kindness and assistance. Please accept the highest respect; ⟦Sassoon⟧ Head of the Community A copy of it to His Excellency the Prime Minister, the Magnified
⟦illegible⟧ 132 Message ⟦illegible⟧ Summary of newspapers published in Baghdad 032 Qansa 75 in its article about British policy on 76 they said that Britain on 10 of this month Qansa was not as knowledgeable about the unseen as Britain was before it, and its news was based on what a British newspaper wrote and clarified that Britain did not interfere in Soviet transactions in Germany 056 while Britain was unable to intervene militarily in Germany in Germany 056 p. It was said that Britain 51 p. and it was not said In several articles of these newspapers of ours and the search for the causes of this conflict and its effects in an article in the same newspaper Al-Jami In the press, which expanded on the writings of the Syrian and Lebanese newspapers about the current problems in those countries and the discussion that took place under the dome of Parliament in Britain and between the members of this Britain and the discussion regarding that the incidents were only for the sake of British interest as they were not before it as some thought that there is support from Britain for this movement and it makes Britain have resorted to weapons 12 and during the war and that Britain because it was not an interest that Britain is in a state and the research that it was not in the interest in Germany and Britain in a state of conflict or a pact and in the press in London as well that the research is that for Britain and competition for the Egyptian market, this is a report for British founding companies and the textile trade in India and profits no and not no profits no mention that they were achieved about British Consulate Briefly on this day, this message has summarized, decided
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Remainder of the report and proposals of the Policy and Administration Committee to address the situation in (Habbaniya Camp in the Defense Directorate) • The situation in Habbaniya (In the Defense Directorate) and what is related to its status, in that seven social pioneers in the Defense Directorate receive salaries that do not match ⟦their qualifications⟧ and their duties, and that this is an injustice because eight people in the Defense Directorate receive salaries (from the budget (In the Defense Directorate) Three of them are foreigners and are paid amounts more than what is paid to Iraqi employees who are more efficient and experienced And that the percentage of ⟦...⟧ in this department requires reform Decided in the fourth session 2631 on April 14, 62 • Pharmacist 66 in Liter 7636 in the Interests Body in the Regional Authority The issue of employees in Al-Rusa Based on what was stated in the clarifications of the Directorate of Education, it became clear before the start of the research by the committee that A large portion of the employees working in the mentioned department were appointed by orders from higher authorities and from outside the scope of The Ministry of Knowledge and Education, in addition to the fact that the Ministry of Knowledge and Education did not have the authority of supervision and control over their work, and These employees started their work in this department a long time ago before the issuance of the annual state budget law for the year For the period prior to the year 57 and 58 (in the Defense Directorate), as this department was affiliated with the Ministry of Defense and as It became clear to the committee that opening the field in this department for non-graduates has caused a disturbance in the work in all other departments Of the employees in the Defense Directorate in the Defense Directorate, and in the budget of the (current) year, as for the Affairs and Administration Committee It has completed its study and discussed it in light of the clarifications of the specialized ministry in its report submitted to the National Assembly In light of the general state interest and the staff of the Directorate of Education mentioned above, the Council took a decision on April 14 Including the approval of 2637 and a decision including the commencement of the desired reforms in this vital facility and the reform of affairs as • Regarding what is related to the employees in Habbaniya in the Defense Directorate, it was found that the employees receive salaries 2631 and staff 57 According to the approved staff and the year of rent, and it is related to the mentioned employees receiving their entitlements according to the regulations and laws, With the note of not confirming any new appointment except with prior approval from the specialized ministry, as it also appeared that (unless adhered to By the mentioned employees, it may result in a deficit in the budget allocated for this department and it will be difficult to remedy this deficit in The future unless the matter is rectified in the budget of the coming years if it is decided that the department remains linked to Defense) above ـ Then the Council discussed the committee's report (regarding schools) and what was stated in it. The committee indicated that private schools in Baghdad According to the report mentioned in the report, and that some of these schools did not adhere to the curriculum prescribed by the Ministry of Knowledge In light of what was stated above, the Council decided on April 14 to invite the educational bodies in the mentioned schools to an urgent meeting To discuss the status of the schools and their supervision by the Ministry of Knowledge, Education, and Instruction and to find out what is happening in them. Accordingly, it was decided to take the necessary measures in this regard Quoted from Sawt al-Sha'b newspaper issued on September 17, 1943 Zionism is an imminent danger to the Arab countries If Europe is saved from Germany after the Allied victory, the Arab countries will fall into the danger of Zionism soon. If the world is approaching days of peace after this war lays down its burdens, then the Arab world is approaching hardships in the days of peace more than the hardships and woes faced by the world during the days of war. This is if the Zionists' plans succeed and Palestine is given to be a national home for the Jews. We can say that those who claim they are doing a favor to the Jews by giving them Palestine as a home for them are actually harming them. The problem of Palestine will stir up a latent hatred between Arabs and Jews, and the incidents that occurred in Palestine between Arabs and Jews in the recent years preceding this war may be child's play compared to the disturbances and bloodshed that will occur, not in the Holy Land alone, but in all the Arab countries where Jews now live in safety. We have shown in the previous issue of this newspaper the plans of the Zionists, and we add now by saying that if these wanderers from Europe are able to set foot in Palestine and consolidate their principles in the future Jewish generation, they will seize the entire Near East, and the Arabs will face a fait accompli: either they <del>perish</del> gradually vanish through poverty and diseases resulting from the presence of Zionists among them, or the Jews perish due to the action of forces resulting from a brutal policy. We know that Solomon's Temple was destroyed and the Holy of Holies was defiled by the entry of nations, so there is no (High Priest), nor a sacrifice of atonement, nor a Haronite, nor a Levite to serve in the house of the Lord. So what do the Zionists want from establishing a national home for the Jews? Do they want to restore the Kingdom of Israel? Where are the tribes now, and where is the offspring of David? And will their alleged king be from the tribe of Judah or from the tribe of Benjamin? And what do the leaders of the Christian kingdoms want in helping the Zionists to restore the Jewish kingdom? Do they want to contradict the words of the Holy Bible, which said that there will be no king or queen for this people after this? Are not the Zionists the descendants of those Jews who were calling for the crucifixion of Christ, saying (His blood be on us and on our children)? So let them now fulfill their right? The Arabs are more merciful to them than the politicians in Europe or America. And on whom will these (poor people) live if a country becomes a country with no one but Jews? Do not deceive yourselves, O Zionists, for the Jews of the East are our brothers; we have lived with them in brotherhood and peace. As for Palestine, it belongs to the Arab majority, and its sanctities are shared by all.
(and promised Keren Hayesod in Baghdad) and after that, what was necessary was also arranged for the subscription of donations for the mentioned project and its plans and nothing else. As for the mentioned Doctor, he had no involvement in receiving the donations; rather, they were submitted from the names of the donors directly to (Keren Hayesod London) and the aforementioned Doctor did nothing outside the plans of the aforementioned project, i.e., the project of (Keren Hayesod). This is the truth of the situation of the aforementioned Doctor Ben-Zion and his actions, and I do not think of him anything that would suggest suspicion otherwise. To Your Excellency, our utmost respect; Acting Chief Rabbi of Baghdad Excerpt from the letter of the Presidency of the Community No. 2997 dated 23 Rajab 1353 - 31 October 1934 to the Ministry of Interior What some local newspapers cling to and use as a pretext to attack the Jews of Iraq and as a means to undermine their dignity and challenge their patriotism is Zionism; therefore, allow us, Your Excellency, to discuss this issue with some frankness so that you may see, in its light, the reality of the position of the Jews of Iraq regarding this idea. The Jews of Iraq have, on numerous occasions, shown their complete aversion to Zionism, to the extent that when Dr. A. Ben-Zion came to Baghdad in the year 1922 to collect donations for Palestine as a delegate of (Keren Hayesod), he did not find from the Jews of Iraq a listening ear for his propaganda at all, and he remained in Baghdad for several months without finding support or assistance from the Israelites of Iraq. Not only this, but (the Israelites) the Israelites wrote to the Keren Hayesod Association in London explaining their lack of readiness to assist the Doctor in his mission until he was forced to meet His late Majesty King Faisal I, to whom he explained orally his purpose for coming. His Majesty showed sympathy for his plans and gave permission for that and recommended assisting him. Your Excellency may review the letter numbered 2796 dated 25 May 1922 to the mentioned Dr. Ben-Zion, in which the Honorable Advisor to the Interior explains the following: (His Majesty the King has ordered me to inform you that His Majesty has no objection to your procedures according to the plans which you presented to him). After that, a branch of the Zionist Agency was also established in Baghdad and continued for a long time despite the repeated objections of the community's notables to its existence before the competent authorities many times. What makes the matter stranger is that the situation reached a point after a while where passports to Palestine were not issued by the government except after the mentioned Agency's endorsement on them. It is not my intention (to declare) to interfere with the government's wishes - and its powers, but I want to demonstrate my point that the infiltration of this idea into Iraq was not by the desire of the Jews at all, but rather with the support and licensing of the Iraqi authorities themselves, a matter that left Jewish thinkers bewildered before it. It is not strange for the Jews of Iraq not to support an idea they exert effort on, while all those familiar with politics know that it is a British political idea more than it is a Jewish one.
(Keren Hayesod Baghdad branch) and after that, what was necessary for the subscription of donations for the mentioned project was also arranged and its plans and nothing else. As for the mentioned Doctor, he had no involvement in receiving donations; rather, they were sent from the names of the donors directly to (Keren Hayesod - London) and the aforementioned Doctor did not carry anything outside the plans of the aforementioned project, i.e., the project of (Keren Hayesod). This is the truth of the situation of the aforementioned Doctor Ben-Zion and his actions, and I do not think there is anything in him that warrants suspicion otherwise. To Your Excellency, our utmost respect. Acting Chief Rabbi of Baghdad Excerpt from the letter of the Presidency of the Community No. 2997 dated 23 Rajab 1353 - 31 October 1934 to the Ministry of Interior What some local newspapers cling to and use as a pretext to attack the Jews of Iraq and as a means to undermine their dignity and challenge their patriotism is Zionism. Therefore, allow us, Your Excellency, to discuss this issue with some frankness so that you may see, in its light, the truth of the position of the Jews of Iraq regarding this idea. The Jews of Iraq have on many occasions shown their complete aversion to Zionism, so much so that when Dr. A. Ben-Zion came to Baghdad in 1922 to collect donations for Palestine as a delegate of (Keren Hayesod), he did not find from the Jews of Iraq a listening ear for his propaganda at all, and he remained in Baghdad for several months without finding support or assistance from an Israelite of Iraq. Not only this, but (the Israelite) the Israelites wrote to the Keren Hayesod Association in London explaining their lack of readiness to assist the Doctor in his mission until he was forced to meet His late Majesty King Faisal I. He explained to His Majesty orally his purpose for coming, so His Majesty showed sympathy for his plans and permitted him to do so and recommended assisting him. Your Excellency can review the esteemed letter numbered 7796 dated 25 May 1922 to the mentioned Dr. Ben-Zion, in which the Advisor to the Interior explains the following: (His Majesty the King has ordered me to inform you that His Majesty has no objection to your procedures according to the plans which you presented to him). After that, a branch of the Zionist Agency was also established in Baghdad and continued for a long time despite the successive objections of the community's notables to its existence before the competent authorities many times. What makes the matter stranger is that the situation reached a point after a while where passports to Palestine were not issued by the government except after the mentioned Agency's endorsement on them. My intention is not (exposure) to challenge the government's desire - and its powers, but rather I want to demonstrate my point that the infiltration of this idea into Iraq was not by the desire of the Jews at all, but rather with the support and licensing of the Iraqi authorities themselves, a matter that left Jewish thinkers bewildered before it. It is not strange for the Jews of Iraq not to support an idea they know well, and everyone familiar with politics knows, that it is a British political idea more than it is a Jewish one.
(Keren Hayesod Baghdad promised) and after that, what was necessary for the subscription of donations for the mentioned project was also arranged and its plans, nothing else. As for the mentioned doctor, he had no involvement in collecting donations; rather, they were submitted from the names of the donors directly to (Keren Hayesod London), and the aforementioned doctor did not carry anything outside the plans of the aforementioned project, i.e., the project of (Keren Hayesod). This is the truth of the situation of the aforementioned Dr. Ben-Zion and his actions, and I do not think of him anything that would warrant suspicion otherwise. With our utmost respect to Your Excellency; Acting Chief Rabbi of Baghdad Excerpt from the letter of the Community Presidency No. 2967 dated 23 Rajab 1353 - 31 October 1934 To the Ministry of Interior What some local newspapers cling to and use as a pretext to attack the Jews of Iraq and as a means to undermine their dignity and challenge their patriotism is Zionism. Therefore, allow us, Your Excellency, to discuss this issue with some frankness so that you may understand, in its light, the true position of the Jews of Iraq regarding this idea. The Jews of Iraq have, on many occasions, shown their complete aversion to Zionism, to the extent that when Dr. A. Ben-Zion came to Baghdad in 1922 to collect donations for Palestine as a delegate of (Keren Hayesod), he did not find a listening ear from the Jews of Iraq for his propaganda at all. He remained in Baghdad for several months without finding support or assistance from the Israelites of Iraq. Not only that, but the (Israelites) wrote to the Keren Hayesod Association in London explaining their lack of readiness to assist the doctor in his mission, until he was forced to meet His late Majesty King Faisal I. He explained to His Majesty orally his purpose for coming, and His Majesty showed sympathy for his plans and permitted him to do so and recommended assisting him. Your Excellency may review the revised letter No. 7796 dated 25 May 1922 to the mentioned Dr. Ben-Zion, in which the Advisor to the Interior explains the following: (His Majesty the King has ordered me to inform you that His Majesty has no objection to your procedures according to the plans which you presented to him). After that, a branch of the Zionist Agency was also established in Baghdad and continued for a long time despite the repeated objections of the community notables to its existence before the competent authorities many times. What makes the matter stranger is that the situation reached a point after a while where passports to Palestine were not issued by the government except after the endorsement of the mentioned Agency on them. My intention is not to (expose) interfere with the government's will - and its powers, but I want to demonstrate my point that the infiltration of this idea into Iraq was not by the desire of the Jews at all, but was with the support and licensing of the Iraqi authorities themselves, a matter that left Jewish thinkers bewildered before it. It is not strange for the Jews of Iraq not to support an idea they know well, and everyone familiar with politics knows, that it is a British political idea more than it is a Jewish one.
(Keren Hayesod Baghdad branch) and after that, what was necessary was also arranged for the subscription of donations for the aforementioned project and its plans, nothing else. As for the aforementioned Doctor, he had no involvement in collecting the donations; rather, they were submitted in the names of the donors directly to (Keren Hayesod - London), and the aforementioned Doctor did nothing outside the plans of the aforementioned project, i.e., the project of (Keren Hayesod). This is the truth of the situation of the aforementioned Doctor Ben-Zion and his actions, and I do not think of him anything that would suggest suspicion otherwise. To Your Excellency, our utmost respect! Acting Chief Rabbi of Baghdad Excerpt from the letter of the Presidency of the Community No. 2997 dated 23 Rajab 1353 - 31 October 1934 To the Ministry of Interior What some local newspapers cling to and use as a pretext to attack the Jews of Iraq and as a means to undermine their dignity and challenge their patriotism is Zionism; therefore, Your Excellency, allow us to discuss this issue with some frankness so that you may see, in its light, the truth of the position of the Jews of Iraq regarding this idea. The Jews of Iraq have on many occasions shown their complete aversion to Zionism, to the extent that when Dr. A. Ben-Zion came to Baghdad in 1922 to collect donations for Palestine as a representative of (Keren Hayesod), he did not find a listening ear from the Jews of Iraq for his propaganda at all, and he remained in Baghdad for several months without finding support or assistance from the Israelites of Iraq. Not only this, but (the Israelites) the Israelites wrote to the Keren Hayesod Association in London explaining their lack of readiness to assist the Doctor in his mission until he was forced to meet His late Majesty King Faisal I. He explained to His Majesty orally his purpose for coming, so His Majesty showed sympathy for his plans and permitted him to do so and recommended assisting him. Your Excellency can review the esteemed letter No. 7796 dated 25 May 1922 to the aforementioned Dr. Ben-Zion, in which the Advisor to the Interior explains the following: (His Majesty the King has ordered me to inform you that His Majesty has no objection to your procedures according to the plans which you presented to him). After that, a branch of the Zionist Agency also continued in Baghdad and lasted for a long time despite the repeated objections of the community's notables regarding its existence to the competent authorities many times. What makes the matter stranger is that the situation reached a point after a while where passports to Palestine were not issued by the government except after the aforementioned Agency's endorsement on them. My intention is not ⟦justification⟧ to interfere with the government's wishes - and its powers, but I want to demonstrate my point that the infiltration of this idea into Iraq was not by the desire of the Jews at all, but rather with the support and licensing of the Iraqi authorities themselves, a matter which left Jewish thinkers bewildered before it. It is not strange for the Jews of Iraq not to support an idea they know well, and every observer of politics knows, that it is a British political idea more than it is a Jewish one.
Presidency of the Jewish Community in Iraq Number 63101 January 21, 1936 in Baghdad To His Excellency the Honorable Prime Minister The presidency of this community is honored to submit to your high office this report on the incidents that occurred in Baghdad and in other parts of the country. In our capacity as the official representatives of this community, we see it as our duty to draw the attention of your esteemed government to the situation that prevailed in the country (before and after the recent incidents) of continuous verbal and written assaults, which led to the occurrence of the unfortunate incidents that continue to occur constantly in Baghdad and in all parts of the country and which have caused heavy damage to public interests and to the country's reputation abroad. The presidency of the community and all Jews strongly denounce these acts which are not consistent with the supreme interest of the country. Copy to: 1- Ministry of Interior | His Excellency the British Ambassador 2- Ministry of Foreign Affairs | in Baghdad Report of the Presidency of the Jewish Community in Iraq on the Current Situation Incidents that occurred in Baghdad and in parts of the country Based on what was stated in our letter No. 63101 dated January 21, 1936, submitted to His Excellency the Prime Minister, the situation has continued and worsened day after day. The occurrence of repeated incidents of assault on Jews in Baghdad – (specifically) and in all parts of the country despite all the measures taken by the competent authorities recently, especially the incident that occurred on the night of September 23, 1936, in the Souq Hanoun area in Baghdad, which resulted in a number of dead and wounded among the members of the community. (The details of that incident are known to the authorities) and the subsequent other assaults that occurred in all parts of the country, especially in Basra, Diwaniyah, Amarah, Hilla, and other cities (which we will mention) and the resulting severe material and moral damages, especially since these incidents occur at a time when the members of the community were performing their national and social duties despite all the difficult circumstances surrounding them. The Presidency of the Jewish Community in Iraq submits this report to your high office, hoping that the necessary measures will be taken to put an end to these acts (which are not sanctioned by law or religion) and which harm the country's reputation abroad and obstruct the progress of business and public interests. We assure Your Excellency that the Jews in this country were and will remain loyal to their homeland and their government, and that they ask for nothing but to live in peace under the shadow of law, justice, and complete equality with the rest of their brothers in the homeland from the members of other communities. Ministry of Interior of Iraq Number 10193 Date 13 July 1922 To the Honorable Chief Rabbi in Baghdad After greetings. We have been informed that a man arrived in Baghdad three months ago who is a representative of the Zionist Association. He rented a house a month and a half ago near the Alliance school and made it a club frequented by people. He formed an association under the title (The Financial Foundation Association) and arranged books, ledgers, and laws for that, and established several committees for the purpose of collecting money for the Zionists and linking members of the Mosaic nation to that association. Therefore, it is necessary that we inquire of your presence immediately to inform us of the truth about this man and his actions, what your thoughts are on him, and what your presence has learned in this regard. With respect. Minister of Interior Presidency of the Israelite Community Number 486 Baghdad Date 19 July 1922 To His Excellency the Honorable Minister of Interior After offering respect and supreme greetings I reply to your letter dated 13 July 922 and numbered 10193 that the man whom you mentioned arrived in Baghdad three months ago, I mean by him Doctor Ben-Zion. His coming here was not in the capacity of a representative of the Zionist Association, but rather he arrived as a delegate on behalf of the association called (Keren Hayesod) - founded in London in the year 920 for the purpose of (collecting money from all Israelites for the sake of expanding the economy and charitable work in Palestine). This project, of course, benefits all the inhabitants of Palestine. As for the delegation of the aforementioned doctor, it is known to the sublime government, as upon his arrival he had the honor of appearing before His Majesty our Great King and presented to him the matter of his delegation in collecting money from (our group) our Israelite group in Baghdad for the mentioned project. And His Majesty our Great King, may his glory last, gave him verbal permission for that, and he also received a letter from the Advisor to the Ministry of Interior, Colonel Cornwallis, dated 25 May 922 and numbered 7796/8, in which he says to him what is translated as: (His Majesty the King has ordered me to inform you that His Majesty has no objection to your procedures according to the plans you presented to him). Accordingly, the aforementioned doctor was invited by the notables of our group and their leaders, and the petitioner (also) also I was present at this meeting, and he explained all of that to them. In this meeting, it was deemed good to assist him in carrying out the mentioned project because of its general benefit to all the inhabitants of Palestine - and to help our oppressed and afflicted brothers in Ukraine. In this assembly, a committee was arranged for that, which was named
Ministry of Interior of Iraq Number 10193 Date 12 July 1922 To the Honorable Chief Rabbi in Baghdad Greetings. We have been informed that a man arrived in Baghdad three months ago who is a representative of the Zionist Association. He rented a house a month and a half ago near the Alliance School and made it a club frequented by people. He formed an association under the title (The Financial Foundation Association) and arranged books, ledgers, and laws for that, and established several committees for the purpose of collecting money for the Zionists and linking members of the Mosaic nation to that association. Therefore, it is necessary that we inquire of your presence immediately to inform us of the truth about this man and ⟦...⟧ and what your thoughts are on him and what your presence has done in this matter. With respect. Minister of Interior Presidency of the Israelite Community Baghdad Number 486 Date 19 July 1922 To His Excellency the Honorable Minister of Interior After offering respect and highest greetings I reply to your letter dated 13 July 922 and numbered 10193 that the man you mentioned ⟦...⟧ arrived in Baghdad three months ago, I mean by him Doctor Ben-Zion. His coming here was not in the capacity of a representative of the Zionist Association, but rather he arrived as a delegate on behalf of the association called (Keren Hayesod) - founded in London in the year 920 for the purpose of (collecting money from all Israelites for the sake of expanding the economy and doing charitable work in Palestine). This project, of course, benefits all residents of Palestine. As for the delegation of the aforementioned doctor, it is known to the Sublime Government, as upon his arrival he had the honor of appearing before His Majesty our Great King and presented to him the matter of his delegation in collecting money from (our association) our Israelite community in Baghdad for the mentioned project. And His Majesty our Great King, may his glory last, permitted him personally to do so, and he also received a letter from the Advisor to the Ministry of Interior, Colonel Cornwallis, dated 25 May 922 and numbered 7796 / 8, saying to him in it what is translated as: (His Majesty the King has ordered me to inform you that His Majesty has no objection to your procedures according to the plans you presented to him). Accordingly, the aforementioned doctor invited notables of our community and their leaders, and the petitioner (also) was also present at this meeting, and he explained all of that to them. In this meeting they approved of assisting him in carrying out the mentioned project because of its general benefit to all residents of Palestine - and assisting our oppressed and afflicted brothers in Ukraine. In this assembly, a committee was arranged for that which was named
Regarding the incident in the village of Al-Salihiya, Dohuk District According to the report submitted to us by us in Mosul on ⟦...⟧ Dohuk District And following an unknown incident. As soon as we received the news, we initiated contact with the competent authorities It has become clear that the incident is minor (as reported by our informant) that the aggressors are Kurds They attacked the house and fired shots in the air aiming to frighten the residents, and no casualties occurred We have learned that all the suspects have been arrested and are currently under investigation. According to the information provided to us by the local authorities, the situation is calm and stable, and there is no cause for concern Copy to:- 1- Presidency of the Mosaic Community in Baghdad 2- Governorate of Mosul Province 3- District Commissioner of Dohuk District Regarding the issue of Jewish students in public schools Reports and statistics for the recent exams and results are Based on the Council of Ministers Decision No. 69101 dated April 26, 941 regarding students and schools It has become clear that there are difficulties facing Jewish students in public schools, especially in Mosul (Faisaliya School), as equality is not available despite the existence of instructions emphasizing that, especially in the current academic year, as the Jewish students, numbering 52 students in various grades faced difficulties in admission to secondary and vocational schools (Industrial School), and despite the existence of competencies and high grades qualifying them for entry, they were excluded for unclear reasons, which led to their parents visiting the Directorate of Education in Mosul (to file a complaint), and the Directorate promised to look into their requests and investigate the matter However, no action has been taken so far, which has raised the fears of the students and their parents. Based on a telegram No. 3277/8 dated May 26, 941 sent by us to the Ministry of Education regarding this subject and the complaint submitted to it, the Ministry replied that it would send an administrative inspector to investigate the matter (on one hand), and on the other hand it has become clear that some teachers in public schools are doing (what is inconsistent with the rules of the teaching profession) and the laws in force, by inciting against Jewish students in schools (especially) in Mosul and Baghdad which led to the creation of an atmosphere of tension and harassment by other students in a manner inconsistent with the spirit of tolerance for which our country has been known since the oldest times. Therefore, we hope your esteemed ministry will take the necessary measures Ministry of Interior of Iraq Number 10193 Date 13 July 1922 To the Honorable Chief Rabbi in Baghdad Greetings. We have been informed that a man arrived in Baghdad three months ago who is a representative of the Zionist Association. He rented a house a month and a half ago near the Alliance school and made it a club frequented by people. He formed an association under the title (The Financial Foundation Association) and arranged books, ledgers, and laws for that, and established several committees for the purpose of collecting money for the Zionists and linking members of the Mosaic nation to that association. Therefore, it is necessary that we inquire of your presence immediately to inform us of the truth about this man and his actions, what your thoughts are on him, and what you have learned in this regard. With respect. Minister of Interior Presidency of the Israelite Community Baghdad Number 486 Date 19 July 1922 To His Excellency the Honorable Minister of Interior After offering respect and superior greetings, I reply to your letter dated 13 July 922 and numbered 10193 that the man you mentioned who arrived in Baghdad three months ago, I mean Doctor ⟦A⟧ Ben-Zion, his coming here was not in the capacity of a representative of the Zionist Association, but rather he arrived as a delegate on behalf of the association called (Keren Hayesod) - founded in London in the year 920 for the purpose of (collecting money from all Israelites for the sake of expanding the economy and bringing goodness to Palestine). This project, of course, benefits all the inhabitants of Palestine. As for the delegation of the aforementioned Doctor, it is known to the Sublime Government, as upon his arrival he had the honor of appearing before His Majesty our Great King and presented to him the matter of his delegation in collecting money from (⟦among⟧) our Israelite community in Baghdad for the mentioned project. And His Majesty our Great King, may his glory endure, permitted him personally to do so, and he also received a letter from the Advisor to the Ministry of Interior, Colonel Cornwallis, dated 25 May 922 and numbered 7796/8, saying to him in it, translated: (His Majesty the King has ordered me to inform you that His Majesty has no objection to your proceedings according to the plans you presented to him). Accordingly, the aforementioned Doctor was invited by the notables and dignitaries of our community, and the inviter (also) I was present at this meeting, and he explained all of that to them. In this meeting, it was deemed good to assist him in carrying out the mentioned project because of its general benefit to all the inhabitants of Palestine - and to help our oppressed and afflicted brothers in Ukraine. In this assembly, a committee was organized for that which was completed
Ministry of Interior of Iraq Number 10193 Date July 12, 1922 To the Honorable Chief Rabbi in Baghdad After greetings. We have been informed that a man arrived in Baghdad three months ago who is a representative of the Zionist Association. He rented a house a month and a half ago near the Alliance school and made it a club frequented by people. He formed an association under the title (The Financial Foundation Association) and arranged books, ledgers, and laws for that purpose, and established several committees with the intent of collecting money for the Zionists and linking members of the Mosaic nation to that association. Therefore, it is necessary that we inquire of your presence immediately to inform us of the truth about this man and his activities, what your thoughts are on him, and what your presence has done in this regard. With respect. Minister of Interior Presidency of the Israelite Community Baghdad Number 486 Date July 19, 1922 To His Excellency the Honorable Minister of Interior After offering respect and highest greetings I reply to your letter dated July 13, 922, numbered 10193, that the man you mentioned who arrived in Baghdad three months ago, meaning Doctor ⟦Levin⟧ Ben-Zion, his arrival here was not in the capacity of a representative of the Zionist Association, but rather he arrived as a delegate on behalf of the association called (Keren Hayesod) - founded in London in the year 920 with the intent of (collecting money from all Israelites for the purpose of expanding the economy and doing charitable work in Palestine). This project, of course, benefits all the inhabitants of Palestine. As for the delegation of the aforementioned Doctor, it is known to the Sublime Government, as upon his arrival he had the honor of appearing before His Majesty our Great King and presented to him the matter of his delegation in collecting ⟦money from⟧ <del>⟦donations⟧</del> our Israelite community in Baghdad for the mentioned project. And His Majesty our Great King, may his glory last, gave him verbal permission for that, and he also received a letter from the Advisor to the Ministry of Interior, Colonel Cornwallis, dated May 25, 922, number 7796/8, saying to him in translation: (His Majesty the King has ordered me to inform you that His Majesty has no objection to your procedures according to the plans you presented to him). Accordingly, the aforementioned Doctor was invited by the notables of our community and its leaders, and the petitioner (also) was present at this meeting, and he explained all of that to them. In this meeting, what he undertook was approved regarding the implementation of the mentioned project because of its general benefit to all inhabitants of Palestine - and to help our oppressed and afflicted brothers in Ukraine. In this gathering, a committee was organized for that, which was named
No. A/7796 MINISTRY OF INTERIOR BAGHDAD. Baghdad the 25th May 1922 Sir. In reply to your letter of the 24th inst. I am to inform you that the King does not find it convenient to write a personal letter to the Chief Rabbi concerning your mission to Iraq. His Majesty, however, has authorised me to inform you that he has no objection to your proceeding on the lines which you explained to him. I am Sir Yours faithfully (Sd) K. Cornwallis A. Bension, Esq., C/o Menashi Abraham Gourgi, Khan al Ortma Baghdad. Copied from original ( A. Bension.)