Voices from the Archive

IJA 3699

Arranging Travel for Operation Ezra & Nehemiah; Issues Pertaining to Jews Abrogating Citizenship

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Description

These are archival documents from the Baghdadi Jewish community. This item contains documents and correspondences pertaining to Baghdadi Jews abrogating their Iraqi citizenship in order to travel abroad. Included is an offer from a travel company about arranging transportation for the airlift of Iraqi Jews from Iraq to Israel (Operation Ezra and Nehemiah), complaints to the Iraqi government concerning police interference with Jews traveling, announcements to the Baghdadi Jewish community about opportunities to learn more about the citizenship laws and to forfeit citizenship, and correspondence between the government and the Jewish community concerning citizens who desire to forfeit their citizenship but have complicated circumstances. The item also contains letters in Judeo-Arabic, many which include community members' names.

Metadata

Archive Reference
IJA 3699
Item Number
10158
Date
Approx. January 1, 1941 to December 31, 1950
Languages
Multiple Languages
Keywords
Telegram, Judeo-Arabic, Burial Society, Revenue Stamp, Synagogue, Newspaper, Baghdad Light and Power, Charity, Thumbprint, Typed, Basrah, Baghdadi Jewish Community, Clipping, Electricity Bill, Ministry of the Interior, Crown Crest, President of the Baghdadi Jewish Community, Ink Stamp, Spiritual Council, Meir Elias Hospital, Travel, Letterhead, Income Tax, Communist, Abrogation of Citizenship, Postage Stamp, Photographs, Envelope, Israel, Ministry of Social Affairs, Receipt, Office of Transportation and Traffic Police, Correspondence, Annotation, Anti Semitism, Jewish Schools Committee, Anti-Jewish

AI en Translation, Pages 351-375

Page 351

50 / 1540 / T
10 / 9 / 1950
Department Copy
His Excellency the Director of General Income Tax
Baghdad
After greetings,
We wish to inform you that it has been decided to withdraw the authorization granted to Mr. Murad Tawfiq
pursuant to our letter No. T/1416/50 dated 6/6/1950 regarding visiting your esteemed directorate
to follow up on matters related to Jews who have renounced their Iraqi citizenship and who were sent to your directorate
to obtain tax clearance certificates. It has also been decided to suffice with Mr. Daoud Zakaria only, who was mentioned
in our aforementioned letter, to follow up on these matters at the present time.
Therefore, we kindly request you to provide all possible facilities to the aforementioned Mr. Daoud Zakaria
who has been authorized to receive the clearance forms for those who renounced their citizenship and to rely on him in this
matter.
Please accept our highest respect;
On behalf of the Acting Head of the Community
Vice President of the Lay Council
Copy to:-
Mr. Murad Tawfiq - for information - requesting the handover of all forms in your possession
and documents related to the cases of Jews whose citizenship was renounced to
Mr. Daoud Zakaria.
Mr. Daoud Zakaria to act accordingly.
Committee for Renunciation and Deportation
2/8/9
⟦illegible⟧

Page 352

The Lay Council
of the Israelite Community * Baghdad
⟦line⟧
Honorable Vice President
His Excellency the President of the Council has previously approved the allocation of
an amount of 50/- Dinars per month to Mr. Murad Tobia in exchange for his follow-up on
⟦cases⟧ related to the tax clearance at the Directorate General of Income Tax
These allowances have indeed been paid to him monthly through His Excellency
the President until the month of July 950.
In view of the non-approval of the Committee for Forfeiture and Deportation for the
aforementioned person to continue this mission, he has actually ceased work as of 8/10/950
before noon, which is the date he was notified of this decision.
In view of the persistence of Mr. Murad Tobia and his demand for payment of what he is entitled to. Therefore
I request your kind approval to pay his allowances amounting to 20/- Dinars for the period
from 8/1/950 to 8/9/950 afternoon from the Council's fund, provided
that this amount is charged to the account of the Committee for Forfeiture and Deportation.
⟦illegible⟧
9/15
The Accountant
Baghdad 9/15/950
To be presented to the Council
⟦illegible⟧ 9/15
For filing
The Forfeiture Committee
⟦illegible⟧

Page 353

Committee for the Revocation of Citizenship and Deportation
Baghdad
Number: 22
Date: 17 / 9 / 1950
⟦Presidency of the Israelite Community⟧
Respected Presidency of the Israelite Community
Greetings,
With reference to the decision of the Lay Council No. (8) dated 22 / 6 / 1950
We wish to inform you that the handling of endowment properties and others, whether they are historical
endowments or temples and the like, is a matter that is not within the jurisdiction of this committee, but rather
belongs directly to the specialized communal institutions. We are returning to you the papers related to this
matter ⟦line⟧
⟦signature⟧
The President
A copy to the Respected Presidency of the Lay Council - for information
A copy to the Respected Presidency of the Spiritual Council - for information

Page 354

⟦illegible blue stamp/text⟧
Honorable Vice President
Attached is the letter from the head of the community in Khanaqin addressed to
the Committee for Forfeiture and Deportation regarding his request for authorization
to allow him to transfer the contents of the Khanaqin synagogue to Baghdad.
The committee has returned the original letter for a decision to be made by
the Presidency of the Community. Note that we have previously drafted
a letter to the District Governor of Khanaqin to allow the transfer of some Sifrei Torah
to Baghdad, and they were indeed transferred. I request ⟦drafting⟧ a letter
from the Presidency of the Community to the District Governor of Khanaqin to allow the head
of the community there to transfer the furniture of the Khanaqin synagogue to
Baghdad, please.
⟦signature⟧
8/8
Approved
⟦signature⟧
9/8

Page 355

Committee for Denaturalization and Deportation
Baghdad
No. 22
Date 1950/9/17
Presidency of the Israelite Community
Baghdad
No. ⟦p⟧ t / 50/1080
Date 18 / 9 / 50
Respected Presidency of the Israelite Community
Greetings,
With reference to the decision of the Lay Council No. (8) dated 22 / 6 / 1950
We wish to inform you that the handling of endowment properties and others, whether they are historical
endowments or temples and the like, is not a matter for this committee to decide upon, but rather
belongs directly to the specialized communal institutions, and we return to you the papers related to this
matter:
⟦Meir⟧
The President
Copy to the respected Presidency of the Lay Council - for information
Copy to the respected Presidency of the Spiritual Council - for information

Page 356

Presidency of the Jewish Community
Baghdad
Outgoing No. K / ⟦1081⟧ / 50
Date 16 / 9 / 50
His Excellency, the Most Venerable President of the Jewish Community
Subject
We, the undersigned, on behalf of the people of Kut, place before you the difficulties we face
and the problems we encounter from the Kut District Police whenever one of us wishes to travel to Baghdad
to attend to his business, and especially the harsh treatment we receive at the hands of the
Station Officer, Mr. Abdul Jabbar Muhi, who, when we approached him requesting a travel permit, said
that the police must be notified three days before the travel date, and then he would give us a single permit
for four people, requiring our presence at the Special Branch in Baghdad, from which we cannot leave except
on bail and under police surveillance throughout our stay in Baghdad. He insisted on this
opinion of his, were it not for the intervention of His Excellency the Acting Director of the Kut District Police in the matter, who granted us
separate papers after taking bail from the town's merchants. The period allowed for us
to stay in Baghdad was strictly limited, knowing that all these instructions were not in effect
previously; rather, any Jew from Kut who wished to travel to Baghdad would go
to the police and obtain a handwritten paper, devoid of a number or formalities,
allowing the bearer to travel to Baghdad to conduct his business and return from there to Kut
according to its requirements. We request Your Excellency to mediate with the competent departments
to lift these restrictions created by the Station Officer for his own purposes, and to restore
the situation to what it was in the past. All the people of Kut thank you
for performing this service, which they will never forget for the rest of their lives.
The matter is for Your Excellency's decision.
Eliyahu Nashi / Resident of Kut
Gurji Yaqub / Resident of Kut
Naji Ezra / Resident of Kut
Meir Sassoon / Resident of Kut
Sion Hashoum / Resident of Kut
19 / 9 / 1950
Presented to His Excellency the President for review ⟦...⟧
For filing
Ishaq

Page 357

T/ ⟦15⟧ / 50
9 / 20 / 1950
His Excellency the District Governor of Khanaqin District
Greetings,
Further to our letter No. T/ 1501 / 50 dated 8 / 7 / 1950.
We kindly request you to allow Mr. Jamil Ibrahim Hay, son of the Head of
the Jewish Community in Khanaqin, to transfer the contents of the community's synagogue from Khanaqin to
Baghdad. We also request permission for the aforementioned person to dispose of some of the furniture present
in the said synagogue, which cannot be moved to Baghdad, within Khanaqin itself.
Please accept our highest respect;
2
On behalf of the Acting Head of the Community
Vice President of the Lay Council
For filing
⟦signature⟧
Copy to:-
Mr. Ibrahim Hay Rahmin, Head of the Jewish Community in
Khanaqin, with reference to his petition dated 8 / 31 / 1950.
9/19
⟦signature⟧ 9/19
9/19/9

Page 358

Department Copy
The Lay Council
of the Israelite Community - Baghdad
⟦line⟧
Honorable Vice President
Based on your request, Mr. Ibrahim Luina has provided me with the
following information regarding the Jews displaced from the village of Al-Dawaya belonging to the district of
⟦...⟧ .
The main reason for their displacement to Baghdad and their flight from
their village is limited to the locals kidnapping one of the Jewish women and taking her
with them. Note that she was returned to the village by the local authorities
and remained there with about fifty people, and they wish to come
to Baghdad on Sunday or Monday of next week.
The number of those who arrived and are now in the Rachel Cohen School is
(86) people, and the total cash they possess is about 200/-
Dinars, and they do not have any jewelry, nor do they own any land in their village,
and they used to work as farmers for the landowners there. This is with
the knowledge that they have not previously renounced their Iraqi nationalities until
now. For your kind information.
⟦signature⟧
9/22
Submitted to the Council
⟦signature⟧
9/22
To the Council
⟦...⟧

Page 359

Department Copy
T / 1549 / 50
22 / 9 / 1950
His Excellency the Director of General Income Tax
Baghdad
Greetings,
Further to our letter No. T / 1540 / 50 dated 10 / 9 / 1950.
We wish to inform you that the purpose of withdrawing the authorization granted to Mr. Murad
Twayq according to our letter referred to above is limited to the financial distress overwhelming
the community fund.
At the same time, we appreciate the services of the aforementioned person which he performed with diligence
and sincerity in following up on the tax clearance cases related to Jews who renounced their Iraqi
nationalities in your esteemed directorate.
Please accept our respects;
On behalf of the Acting Head of the Community
Vice President of the Lay Council
For Outgoing
Executed
Copy to:-
Mr. Murad Twayq - Further to our letter referred to above - for information
⟦illegible⟧
19 / 9 / 50

Page 360

J / 578 / 50
22 / 9 / 1950
Denaturalization and Deportation Committee
Baghdad
Greetings,
An amount of 25/- (twenty-five dinars) has previously been allocated to each of the Mukhtars of the neighborhoods listed below in exchange for their efforts in citizenship revocation cases at Camp Meir Tweig, and these allowances have actually been paid to them as of April 1, 1950.
Therefore, please kindly take the necessary decision by your esteemed committee regarding the confirmation of the disbursement of these allowances to these Mukhtars. Sincerely.
Name of the Mukhtar | Neighborhood
Mr. Gurji Shouli | Mukhtar of Tatran Neighborhood
Mr. Selim Shalam | Mukhtar of Al-Tawrat Neighborhood
Mr. Sasson Dallal | Mukhtar of Qanbar Ali Neighborhood
Ishaq Ibrahim Ezra | Assistant Mukhtar of Faraj Allah Neighborhood
Mr. Azouri Mukammal | Mukhtar of Taht al-Takiya Neighborhood
Mr. Abbas Mustafa | Mukhtar of Al-Bataween Neighborhood
Vice President
⟦illegible signature⟧
9/2
For filing
Agreement
1 / 20 / 9
⟦illegible stamp⟧

Page 361

Hilla on 5 / 10 / 1950
To - The Presidency of the Jewish Community - Baghdad
We have authorized Mr. Ephraim Menashe as a collector for the (travelers) whose names
and dates are listed below from the city of Hilla to Baghdad, and accordingly we have explained the manner
⟦illegible⟧
Head of the Sub-Committee of the Jewish
Community
in Hilla
Teacher Moussa Hoki
Serial Number | Name of Traveler | Date
1 | Rachel Abboudi Ibrahim Elia | 5687 Hebrew
2 | Samira daughter of Ibrahim Abboudi | 5684 "
3 | Meir Ezra Yeshu'a | 5682 "
4 | Qamira Mordechai Elia Abboudi | 5685 "
5 | Shaul Hayyim Hayyim Ibrahim Salem | 5651 "
6 | Simha daughter of Abdullah Sabbara | 5670 "
7 | Khatouna daughter of Eliyahu | 5658 "
8 | " " Sarah | 5698 "
9 | David Salloum Saleh | 5622 "
10 | Mastoura Shalho Akad Cohen | 5623 "
11 | Sa'wa Saleh David Ya'qub | 5629 "
12 | No Name | 5620 "
Number of travelers (12) twelve only

Page 362

181
Copy ⟦illegible⟧
T / 1554 / 50
7 / 10 / 1950
His Excellency the Mutasarrif of Hilla Province, respected
After greetings
We kindly request you to allow Mr. Ephraim Madhi Gabbay, a member of the
Jewish community in Hilla, to transfer the scrolls (Torah) located in the Hilla synagogue, numbering twelve
scrolls, to Baghdad, given that the members of the community in Hilla no longer need them.
Please accept our highest respects;
⟦signature⟧
On behalf of the Acting Head of the Community
Vice President of the Lay Council
Copy to:-
The Presidency of the Sub-Committee of the Jewish Community in Hilla, with reference to your letter dated
5 / 10 / 1950.
6 / 10 / 10
⟦illegible stamp⟧

5/21/51 No. ⟦illegible⟧
Excellency - Directorate of Civil Aviation Respected - Baghdad
Subject / Provision of (Sixth Batch) of Jewish passengers whose
Iraqi citizenship has been revoked and who will leave Iraq for Cyprus and from there to an unknown destination.
⟦illegible⟧
Attached herewith is the list containing the names of
the above passengers
With appreciation
Near East Company
Sequence | Full Name | Passport Number | Remarks
1 | Layla Ibrahim Rasool | 2350 | Baghdad
2 | Habiba Yusuf Ishaq | 2351 |
3 | Fawzia Anwar | 2352 |
4 | Munira Layla Yusuf Qazhiya | 2353 |
5 | Ishaq Ibrahim Yunak | 1565 |
6 | Fawzia Abdul Latif Fawzi | 0735 |
7 | Wajiha Shaul Shaul | 8525 |
8 | Fawzia ⟦illegible⟧ | 8325 |
9 | Salim Yusuf Salim | 2325 |
10 | Suad Ishaq Qahtan | 2326 |
11 | Benjamin Abdullah Saeed | 3225 |
12 | Nouri ⟦illegible⟧ | 0250 |
Total (12) twelve persons

Page 363

Honorable Vice President
About six people have visited
from the townspeople and requested to be provided with a place
for overnight stay as they are in narrow circumstances
and they have waited until tomorrow for Baghdad
⟦to complete⟧ (prohibition) transactions related
to their travel. Your orders, please.
⟦illegible⟧
6/20
Please place them in Asil School
for their temporary residence without food
6/20 ⟦illegible⟧
Excellency the President

Page 364

Iraqi Government
Governorate of Al-Hilla Province
Editorial Office
182
Presidency of the Jewish Community
Number 5/10/5/T
Date 10/10/50
Number ⟦126-8⟧
Date 10/7/1950
Police Directorate of Al-Hilla Province
Subject: - Transfer of Torahs
Based on what was stated in the letter from the Presidency of the Jewish Community in Baghdad numbered 1554
and dated 10/6/1950, we approve the action of Mr. Ephraim Menashe Gabbay, one of the members of
the Jewish community in Hilla, to transfer the scrolls (Torahs) located in the synagogue
of Hilla, totaling twelve scrolls, to Baghdad, given that the members of the community
in Hilla do not need them, provided that you ensure they are not ancient through the Directorate
of General Antiquities.
Governor of Al-Hilla Province
A copy to /
Directorate of General Antiquities - for information, please.
Presidency of the Jewish Community in Baghdad - for information, please.
Presidency of the Sub-Committee for the Jewish Community in Hilla - for information.
For filing
Dropped
Hussam
126
⟦illegible⟧

Page 365

Ozri Dalim Association
Menashi Saleh School Branch
Telephone Number: 5583
Baghdad on: August 6, 1950
⟦Presidency of the Jewish Community⟧
⟦in Baghdad⟧
His Excellency the respected President of the Jewish Community
After greetings
Further to our letter dated July 21, 950
We present to your Excellency that the condition of the displaced persons in the Menashi Saleh School shelter has
become unbearable from a psychological standpoint. Boredom has reached a level that has made them
constantly rebellious and tense, to the point that on the evening of Saturday the 5th of it, they assaulted
one of the employees by beating him, and as a result, a riot occurred which we exerted the utmost
effort to calm down. We present this situation to your Excellency after what we have learned
that you are interested ⟦in⟧ the matter of deporting these people as quickly and as soon as possible
to prevent what their stay in the shelter might lead to if it is prolonged, in addition
to the exorbitant expenses required for their maintenance.
Please accept the highest respect
Sincerely
⟦Signature⟧
Vice President of the Refugee Housing Committee
⟦illegible⟧
7-1291

Number
12608
Kingdom of Iraq
ON STATE SERVICE
POSTAGE
10 FILS
4 FILS
⟦postmark: Baghdad 8 OCT 50 BAGHDAD⟧
Baghdad
To the Presidency of the Jewish Community in Baghdad
⟦signature⟧
Baghdad
BAGHDAD
DELY.
11 30 AM
8 OCT 50
Presidency of the Jewish Community
In Baghdad
Number ⟦...⟧
Date ⟦...⟧

Page 366

Ozri Dalim Association
Menashi Saleh School Branch
Telephone Number: 5583
182
Presidency of the Jewish Community
Baghdad
Private Number 1056
Date 25 / 8 / 1950
Baghdad on August 12, 1950
His Excellency the Respected President of the Jewish Community
After greetings.
It was hoped that the revocation of citizenship for the refugees
at Menashi Saleh School would be completed yesterday. However, we recently understood that
the Director of Residence and Travel Police has stated that it is not possible
to carry out the process of revoking their citizenship without special permission from
the Ministry of Interior.
In view of the importance of the subject, as we have previously explained on
numerous occasions, we hope your Excellency will give it the worthy attention and consult
the competent authorities in this regard.
Please accept our utmost respect
⟦A. Haddad⟧
Vice Chairman of the Committee

Page 368

287
Head of the Israelite Community
Nasiriyah
Please contact the Basra community regarding the deportation of persons whose citizenship has been revoked
as they cannot travel from Baghdad.
Head of the Community
Heskel Dawood Shemtob
Acting Head of the Israelite Community - Baghdad
For filing
Revocation
⟦signature⟧
8/12

Page 369

(182)
Head of the Jewish Community - Diwaniyah
Please contact the Basra community regarding the deportation of persons whose citizenship has been revoked
as they cannot travel from Baghdad.
Head of the Community
Heskel Daoud Shemtob
Acting Head of the Jewish Community - Baghdad
⟦illegible⟧
8/10

Page 370

Baghdad 2 / 8 / 1950
21821
To the Honorable President of the Jewish Community in Baghdad
Greetings and respect
After which, we are pleased to send to Your Excellency and your community the highest wishes, asking the Lord to grant you success
and that happiness continues in the splendor of your life
And to you, sir, the mission that made us send this letter to Your Excellency, which is
The cruelty, injustice, and enslavement that we witness every single day that continues upon us
with annoyance and digression, and we do not wish for more than this, and to you much thanks
We are the miserable soldiers deprived of leaves to see our families
And we approach your kindness toward us, we hope that you will initiate our comfort, and to you much
thanks, our honorable head of community
The petitioner, the miserable soldiers
Shaul Sabawi Diwaniyah
Detailed number 5945 Baghdad residence Hunaidi summer camp ⟦142⟧
And to you much thanks, and we hope you help us and save ourselves
from injustice and enslavement

Page 371

Baghdad 8 / 8 / 1950
To the Honorable Secretary of the Israelite Community
Greetings and respect
( 184 )
Furthermore, our dear one, we are pleased to convey our greetings to you and pray to God that you are in prosperity, happiness, and brilliant success
in your future, and please have mercy on us, the miserable soldiers residing in Diwaniyah
from the people of Basra and Amarah, we seek mercy and assistance from you
because the fatigue, persecution, and enslavement have broken the hearts of their miserable superiors
and we have no leave because we are Jews, and we have no rest because we are Jews, and the injustice, insults, and cursing
of our religion has made us seek mercy from your kindness and your compassion for us, save us
Praise be to God, and to Him is the destiny, and patience is the key to relief, and may God not distance you from this and protect us
Convey our greetings to all the employees of the Israelite Community and to all its workers, and to you much thanks
Hurry with the good news of our arrival, and thank you, sir
We seek mercy from your Excellency to hasten our matter
May God not prolong our peace, and may He not distance you more than this
The matter is yours, sir
The miserable soldiers
Diwaniyah
Shaul Sawi
<del>Ibrahim</del>
Diyat
⟦illegible stamp⟧

Page 372

Baghdad 13 / 8 / 950
Presidency of the Jewish Community
Baghdad
Incoming Number 1057
Date 14 / 8 / 950
184
His Excellency the Respected President of the Jewish Community
After greetings
Our committee took over the management of the Menashi Saleh School shelter on 26 / 6 / 950
And despite the expansion of our responsibilities in supporting the refugees, managing them, and caring for them in proportion to the increase in their numbers and the multiplication of their problems
we were able to manage the enormous expenses required by our mission thanks to the donations we received from benefactors. Since
the community administration has not provided us, since we took over the shelter, with more than six hundred dinars, which is the expenses for about ten days only.
But now our resources from donations have stopped, and the shelter's expenses are still
steadily increasing despite our following the maximum possible economy. In view of the above, we present to your Excellency that
after the extraordinary meeting held by our committee this morning and after considering all possibilities
and probabilities, we found that it is impossible for us to continue working after twenty-four hours from today unless we receive
a sufficient amount that guarantees the shelter its normal course.
Accordingly, in this situation, and to prevent the chaos that will inevitably
occur in the shelter after we abandon the work, we hope for interest in appointing someone to take over its affairs.
Please accept our highest respect
Member | Member | Member | Member | Vice President | President
⟦signature⟧ | ⟦signature⟧ | ⟦signature⟧ | ⟦signature⟧ | ⟦signature⟧ | Renee Cohen
A copy of it:
To the Honorable Lay Council
To the High Committee for Work
For filing
Committee notice
Baghdad

Page 374

258
And we pray that happiness be your ally and we hope for continued assistance to us and a way
to intimidate us, especially regarding the transport daily for 7 hours at night, and the killing and insults
against us, and this is easy and under Mr. Shin, the soldiers of Diwaniyah
And please help us with whatever you can and make us slaves to you instead of others
Here we kiss your noble hands and we convey our greetings to the respected head of the community
and to all its employees entirely, and to you thanks, sir
The miserable soldiers
Shaul Habari
Number ⟦liquidation⟧ 5945
Diwaniyah Baghdad

Baghdad 2 / 8 / 1950
Corresponding to Wednesday
To the Honorable Secretary of the President of the Jewish Community
Greetings and respect
Furthermore, I am pleased to send you my best wishes, wishing you help, success,
and continuous prosperity in your work, and may happiness be your ally. We pray to God
the Almighty, and the Almighty makes everyone who deserves goodness and fruitful work happy
for his subjects
My dear guardian, my lord, we are harmed and finished from all human
aspects. We are the soldiers miserable in our lives, we seek cover from your kindness
towards us with assistance because the calamities made us refrain from sending them
to you because we acknowledge that you provide assistance, mercy, and kindness
due to the many calamities that occur over our heads
And no more than this is hidden from you