Voices from the Archive

IJA 3699

Arranging Travel for Operation Ezra & Nehemiah; Issues Pertaining to Jews Abrogating Citizenship

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Description

These are archival documents from the Baghdadi Jewish community. This item contains documents and correspondences pertaining to Baghdadi Jews abrogating their Iraqi citizenship in order to travel abroad. Included is an offer from a travel company about arranging transportation for the airlift of Iraqi Jews from Iraq to Israel (Operation Ezra and Nehemiah), complaints to the Iraqi government concerning police interference with Jews traveling, announcements to the Baghdadi Jewish community about opportunities to learn more about the citizenship laws and to forfeit citizenship, and correspondence between the government and the Jewish community concerning citizens who desire to forfeit their citizenship but have complicated circumstances. The item also contains letters in Judeo-Arabic, many which include community members' names.

Metadata

Archive Reference
IJA 3699
Item Number
10158
Date
Approx. January 1, 1941 to December 31, 1950
Languages
Multiple Languages
Keywords
Telegram, Judeo-Arabic, Burial Society, Revenue Stamp, Synagogue, Newspaper, Baghdad Light and Power, Charity, Thumbprint, Typed, Basrah, Baghdadi Jewish Community, Clipping, Electricity Bill, Ministry of the Interior, Crown Crest, President of the Baghdadi Jewish Community, Ink Stamp, Spiritual Council, Meir Elias Hospital, Travel, Letterhead, Income Tax, Communist, Abrogation of Citizenship, Postage Stamp, Photographs, Envelope, Israel, Ministry of Social Affairs, Receipt, Office of Transportation and Traffic Police, Correspondence, Annotation, Anti Semitism, Jewish Schools Committee, Anti-Jewish

AI en Translation, Pages 26-50

Page 26

CABLES : PELTOURS
PHONE : 6251
P E L T O U R S
SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME EGYPTIENNE
TRAVEL — TOURS — BANKING
INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT — INSURANCE
HEAD OFFICE: CAIRO: 10/12 ADLY PASHA STREET
BRANCHES: ALEXANDRIA - PORT SAID - SUEZ ISMAILIA - LUXOR - ASSUAN BEYROUTH - DAMAS - ALEPPO BAGHDAD - BASRAH - TEHERAN
GENERAL AGENTS FOR: PELTOURS (SOUTH AFRICA) LTD. JOHANNESBURG — CAPE TOWN
PELTOURS LIMITED LONDON W.1.
(20)
IN REPLY PLEASE QUOTE : REF.: 7/20
Baghdad: 1950/11/13
His Excellency the President of the Honorable Jewish Community
Baghdad
Presented to Your Excellency
We are agents for various means of transport, including air, land, and sea, and we also have
an agency for the Iraqi Government Railways for travel within Iraq on all railway
lines. As for outside Iraq, we can also make arrangements with shipping companies or cars
or all airline interests for travel outside Iraq to any destination whatsoever - and we can
offer the lowest possible travel fares to any destination whatsoever. With our deepest respect to Your Excellency.
Sincerely,
Peltours Travel Company
The Manager
⟦illegible⟧

Page 30

Mandali Police Assistantship
Number 14 S
Date 2/12/1950
To the Mandali Criminal Judge - Top Secret and Urgent
12 Bail Bonds for ⟦Good⟧ Conduct
Since the issue of combating the smuggling of Jews at the present time is one of the important issues that requires
exerting maximum efforts and taking the strictest measures to prevent the secret escape of Jews and the ⟦leakage⟧
of the country's wealth outside Iraq, in addition to other concerns related to security, and given that
the ⟦district⟧ area borders the Iranian frontier along a line approximately
one hundred and fifty kilometers long, we have given this issue full attention and intensified
surveillance. As a result, it has become ⟦clear to us⟧ that the Jewish individuals, namely
Shmuel Yusuf Dallal, Hazqeel nicknamed (Mam Khama), Saleh ⟦Murakhsam⟧ Rayous,
Daoud Siyah, Aziz Cohen Aziz, Ibrahim Eliyahu, Nassim ⟦Yaqoub⟧, Danka, Hazqeel
Nassim Alayh, Daoud Helmy, and Ibrahim Munshi, who are residents of the town of Mandali,
have seized the opportunity of their residence in this city bordering the frontier to promote the issue of
smuggling Jews to Iran, whether those coming from Baghdad or those residing in Mandali.
Their actions have appeared ⟦clearly⟧, obviously, and openly, especially when
three Jews were arrested in the Al-Jazeera area in a car ⟦coming⟧ from Baghdad with the intent to escape
to Iran, as they began preparing funds and distributing fifths of them to smugglers and guides,
providing facilities on their behalf, and spreading bad propaganda against the measures
taken by the authorities against them, portraying them in a way that paralyzes the hands of the police and other
authorities regarding what is attributed to them, and a campaign that they have begun to openly commit their acts
and spread the darkest propaganda against the authorities engaged in combating smuggling. It has been
fully proven that ⟦their protection⟧ of the Jews who were arrested while trying to escape
to Iran, and as long as the Jews mentioned above are of Iraqi nationality and are citizens of this
homeland, it was mandatory for them to preserve the sanctity of ⟦the law⟧ and the interest of loyalty
required like other citizens. However, their audacity and danger have reached a point where they have become a threat
to the state, and they cannot be left at all without a guarantee, as their remaining in this state
and their incitement of Jews to escape and their ⟦open⟧ rise to help the Jews who are arrested
will inevitably lead to a breach of public peace. ⟦It is requested⟧ to approve bringing them
under guard to the court to be tried according to paragraph (b) of Article 78 of the Criminal
Procedure Code and to issue a decision requesting them to provide a cash bail for ⟦good⟧ conduct for a period of three
years. As long as the aforementioned have exceeded the limit, it has become the view of the police to restrict their movements
and the aforementioned evidence we noted above, and I estimate that it is necessary to ⟦bail them⟧ under this paragraph.

Page 32

247
Mandali Criminal Court
Number
Date 4 / 9 / 1950
To -
The Honorable Yusuf Ibrahim
I have been informed by the content of the statement submitted by the Assistant Chief of Mandali Police, No. 14, dated 4 / 7 / 1950
that you specifically know about crossing the prohibited borders and have conspired in smuggling Jews from Iraq via the Mandali-Iran border
⟦...⟧ and that you also agreed to pay secretly to spread propaganda among the Israelis residing in Mandali
and those coming from Baghdad, and such conduct is not permitted by the Security and General Residency Wing; therefore, the court requests your presence to pay
the amount of ⟦...⟧ today at twelve o'clock noon, and otherwise you will be detained in the aforementioned place, as this act of yours is considered
a criminal offense punishable under Paragraph 25 of Article (78) of the Criminal Procedure and Article (71) of the aforementioned law
⟦Signature⟧
First Class Mandali Criminal Judge

List
Inspection of places according to Article 66 or 68 of the Baghdadi Criminal Procedure Code
Form - 45
Number:
Police Station:
First Information Report Number:
Date:
Name of the house occupant:
Inspected (places):
Place of inspection:
Date and time of start of inspection:
End of inspection:
List of seized property
Government Press 1793 / 2 / 1949
Serial Number | Details | Estimated Price
|  | Fils | Dinar

Page 33

1 - The case of Hakouli Yaqoub al-Haddad (sentenced to three years under Article 289)
A letter arrived from the niece of Hakouli Yaqoub al-Haddad to her mother (i.e., Hakouli al-Haddad's sister)
At the end of the letter, she mentions the phrase (Our greetings to Abu Yaqoub)
During the investigation with the mother of the aforementioned girl at the Criminal Investigation Directorate, she was asked
(Who is Abu Yaqoub?) She replied that it was Hakouli, her brother. Then the aforementioned Hakouli was brought before the Martial Court
He confessed that he is not the only one called Abu Yaqoub in the family. After inquiring from him, he explained that he has two
brothers, a brother-in-law, and a relative of his sister who are nicknamed Abu Yaqoub. Accordingly, all of them were arrested and sentenced to three years of hard
labor, and they are:
1 - Hakouli Yaqoub 2 - Daoud Yaqoub 3 - Moshi Yaqoub 4 - Ezra Yaqoub
5 - Ishaq Moshi
2 - The case of Salim Somekh - a senior employee at the port, sentenced to five years under Article 289
He was accused of participating in inciting some to carry out demonstrations as a result of personal grudges due to his position
He presented conclusive evidence that he was outside Basra during the demonstrations he was accused of, but the court did not
listen to his defense and sentenced him to five years in prison with police surveillance for three
years. Saleh Sidqi, Maurice Yamin, Ibrahim Salman, Sion Asher, Naji
Menachem, Ishaq Sidqi, and Latif Smouha were all sentenced on the same charge.
3 - The case of ⟦Sion⟧ Yaqoub Sion Bahr and Yaqoub Munshi Bahr - sentenced to two years
They were accused of participating in the Kadhimiya demonstration on 9/17/1948, while they presented
witnesses to prove that they were in the homes of Mr. Ahmed Hafez and Mr. Tariq Nashat al-Sannawi.
4 - The case of Elias Ishaq - sentenced to three years
An employee in the Ministry of Finance, sentenced because the word (Rescue and Collection) written by him on official papers was read
as (Rescue of the Fever)
5 - The case of Gurji Nissan, Siddiq Pinhas, Naeem Abed, and Salim Mushir - all sentenced to three years
under Article 289
Based on the testimony of a witness who stated to the Criminal Investigations that they receive communist books, and they were sentenced
without these books being presented to the court.
⟦line⟧

Page 35

Baghdad, April 7, 1950
His Excellency the Deputy Head of the Israelite Community
Baghdad
After greetings,
In view of the slow progress of the final registration for those wishing to renounce their Iraqi citizenship
at the Meir Tweg Synagogue, and the large number of those who registered themselves at the sub-registration centers
in Baghdad, I suggest taking the following steps:
1 - Assigning a sub-center registration serial number at the time of registration (according to the method followed
when registering petitions in government departments) stamped with the seal of the relevant sub-center.
2 - This number should be mentioned next to the names of the registrants required to attend the Meir Tweg Synagogue
to sign the relevant form, when the weekly lists are published in the sub-centers.
The most important benefit I intended from this proposal is to give the person
registered in the sub-centers an idea of the approximate date on which they will be called for final registration
at the Meir Tweg Synagogue, so that they have the opportunity to liquidate their business at the appropriate time
each according to their circumstances, and this also helps to prevent any manipulation in the registration,
a manipulation that many have complained about.
In order to generalize the aforementioned benefits to everyone, please be so kind as to give serial numbers
to all those who have previously registered their names in the sub-centers and who have not yet been requested
to attend the Meir Tweg Synagogue for final registration.
I know that implementing this proposal means adding exhausting work for Your Excellency
and the persons in charge of registration in the sub-centers, but what encouraged me to submit it
is the importance of the subject for businessmen and employees of the middle and poor classes
on one hand, and my belief in your extreme keenness to protect the interests of the community members as much as possible
on the other hand.
In conclusion, I hope that my proposal receives the attention it deserves, and I pray to God Almighty
to help you and grant you success in performing your duty towards the community to the fullest extent. Respectfully yours.
Sincerely,
⟦...⟧
(Rafidain Oil Company - Baghdad)
⟦...⟧
Community File ⟦...⟧

Page 36

Department Copy
T / 1272 / 50
27 / 4 / 1950
Directorate General of Posts and Telegraphs
Baghdad
Greetings,
With reference to your letter No. AT / 2 / 11 / 14515 dated
24 / 4 / 1950.
We agree to install a telephone set in the Meir Tweg Synagogue at our expense
for the purpose of processing nationality revocation transactions in the aforementioned synagogue.
Please accept our respects.
⟦illegible⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to -
A / 25 / 4
Directorate of Travel and Nationality Police - for information
Open a special file in the name of
Nationality Revocation Committee

Page 37

To the Honorable President of the Israelite Community
May God guide your times and grant you success for the good of humanity.
I hope you do not consider this letter personal, but rather a letter
expressing what the members of the Israelite community in Hillah are facing
from the intransigence of the Mukhtar who was imposed upon them and has recently
begun placing obstacles and hurdles regarding the issue of their deportation by travel.
Were it not for my certainty of the Mukhtar's inhumane actions, I would not have written this
letter, in which I ask on behalf of the Israelite community that you save them
from this person who has begun conspiring with the registration officer in order
to extort bribes from the poor by placing obstacles before them, for example,
<del>⟦that they⟧</del> do not agree to register a person sentenced by the Spiritual Council
with a personal guarantee, as well as those sentenced under police supervision, knowing
that these restrictions were not stipulated in the text of the Denaturalization Law.
Likewise, if a person registered himself in Baghdad and has been
living in Hillah for ten years, they demand that he go
to Baghdad for registration. This is a brief summary of the actions of this person
conspiring with the registration officer. In the name of humanity, we ask that
you put an end and a solution to these issues, knowing that there is no
responsible person for us in Hillah to defend us against these injustices.
Therefore, we have turned to your Excellency, and we have great hope in you.
The Sender
⟦Eliyahu Maghi Hai⟧
5/5/50

Page 38

(20)
Presidency of the Jewish Community
in Baghdad
Date: 19 / 5 / 50
To the honorable and distinguished Mr. Yusuf Shammo, respected
After greetings
We have received the attached letter by mail
from Hillah. I hope you will kindly review it
and inform us. Do you intend to take any
action regarding it, please?
Sincerely,
⟦Salim ...⟧

Page 39

T / 50/1282
5/⟦3⟧/1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Daoud Salim is appointed as a clerk to perform the initial registration for those wishing
to renounce their citizenship at the Shukr Synagogue center with a monthly salary of eight
dinars and without cost-of-living allowances effective from the first of May 1950.
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to -
The Accountant - to act accordingly
Mr. Daoud Salim
The relevant personal file
A / 7 / 5

Page 40

To Duplicate
Second Copy
T / 1282 / 50
9 / 5 / 1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Daoud Salim is appointed as a clerk to perform the initial registration for those wishing
to renounce their citizenship at the Shukr Synagogue center with a monthly salary of eight
dinars and without cost-of-living allowances starting from the first of May 1950.
⟦illegible⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to —
The Accountant — to act accordingly
Mr. Daoud Salim
The relevant personal file
A / 7 / 5

Page 41

T / 1282 / 50
9 / 5 / 1950
21 bis
Administrative Order
Mr. Daoud Salim is appointed as a clerk to perform the initial registration for those wishing
to renounce their nationality at the Sheker Synagogue center with a monthly salary of eight
dinars and without cost-of-living allowances effective from the first of May 1950.
⟦illegible⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to —
The Accountant — to act accordingly ⟦line⟧
Mr. Daoud Salim ⟦line⟧
The relevant personal file ⟦line⟧
A / 7 / 5

Page 42

22
Department Copy ⟦182⟧
T/ 1284 / 50
9 / 5 / 1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Asher Heskel is appointed as a clerk to perform the initial registration
for those wishing to renounce their citizenship at the Great Synagogue center with a monthly salary of
eight dinars and without cost-of-living allowances effective from the first of May 1950.
⟦signature⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to -
The Accountant - to act accordingly
Mr. Asher Heskel
P / 7 / 5 Relevant Personal File

Page 43

T/ 1284 / 50
9 / 5 / 1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Ashir Hesqel is appointed as a clerk to perform the initial registration
for those wishing to renounce their citizenship at the Great Synagogue center with a monthly salary of
eight dinars and without cost-of-living allowances as of the first of May 1950.
⟦signature⟧
Acting President of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to ⟦line⟧
The Accountant ⟦line⟧ for action accordingly
Mr. Ashir Hesqel ⟦line⟧
A / 7 / 5 The relevant personal file ⟦line⟧

Page 44

22 bis
T/ 1284 / 50
9 / 5 / 1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Ashir Heskel is appointed as a clerk to perform the initial registration
for those wishing to renounce their citizenship at the Great Synagogue center with a monthly salary of
eight dinars and without cost-of-living allowances effective from the first of May 1950.
⟦signature⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to -
The Accountant - to act accordingly
Mr. Ashir Heskel
A / 7 / 5 The relevant personal file

Page 45

T / 1285 / 55
9 / 5 / 1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Eliyahu Shaul is appointed as a clerk to perform the initial registration for those wishing
to renounce their citizenship at the Ezra Daoud Synagogue center with a monthly salary of eight dinars
and without high cost of living allowances, effective from the first of May 1950.
⟦signature⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to —
The Accountant — to act accordingly
Mr. Eliyahu Shaul
The relevant personal file
A / 7 / 5

Page 46

22
⟦...⟧
T / 1285 / 50
9 / 5 / 1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Eliyahu Shaul is appointed as a clerk to perform the initial registration for those wishing
to renounce their citizenship at the Ezra Daoud Synagogue center with a monthly salary of eight dinars
and without cost-of-living allowances, effective from the first of May 1950.
⟦signature⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to -
The Accountant - to act accordingly
Mr. Eliyahu Shaul
The relevant personal file
A / 7 / 5

Page 47

122
Department Copy
T / 85 / 12 / 50
9 / 5 / 1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Eliyahu Shaul is appointed as a clerk to perform the initial registration for those wishing
to renounce their citizenship at the Ezra Daoud Synagogue center with a monthly salary of eight dinars
and without cost-of-living allowances, effective from the first of May 1950.
⟦signature⟧
⟦signature⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to -
The Accountant - to act accordingly
Mr. Eliyahu Shaul
The relevant personal file
A / 7 / 5

Page 48

T / ⟦128⟧ / 50
9 / 5 / 1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Shaul Raphael is appointed to assist the denaturalization officials at
Meir Tweg Synagogue in clerical matters with a monthly salary of eight dinars and without
cost-of-living allowances starting from the first of May 1950.
⟦signature⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to -
The Accountant - to act accordingly.
Mr. Shaul Raphael
The relevant personal file
A / 8 / 5

Page 49

24
⟦Personnel Department⟧
T / 50/1286
1950/5/9
Administrative Order
Mr. Shaul Raphael is appointed to assist the citizenship revocation officials at
Meir Taweig Synagogue in clerical matters with a monthly salary of eight dinars and without
cost of living allowances effective from the first of May 1950.
⟦illegible⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Copy to-
The Accountant - to act accordingly.
Mr. Shaul Raphael
The relevant personal file
A / 8 / 5

Page 50

24
Department Copy
T / 1286 / 50
9 / 5 / 1950
Administrative Order
Mr. Shaul L. Raphael is appointed to assist the nationality revocation officials at
Meir Tweg Synagogue in clerical matters with a monthly salary of eight dinars and without
cost of living allowances effective from the first of May 1950.
⟦signature⟧
Acting Head of the Community
President of the Lay Council
Above
Copy to -
The Accountant - to act accordingly.
Mr. Shaul L. Raphael
The relevant personal file
A / 8 / 5