AI en Translation, Pages 326-350
Page 327
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education of Baghdad Province / Rusafa
Personnel / Secondary
Number - 11257
Date 6 / 12 / 1959
To " - Administrations of all primary schools belonging to this directorate (official and private)
Please note the following regarding the General Life Information lesson
One grade is given for the Life Information lesson for each of the first, second, and third grades
As for the students of the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades, a grade is given for each of the Social and National Education lessons
and another grade for Science and Health Education.
⟦illegible⟧
Ali Al-Shouk
For / Director of Education of Baghdad Province
Copy to " -
Directorate of General Technical Affairs - Curricula and Books - Your letter 111218 on 29 / 11 / 1959.
General Education Inspectorate
Primary Personnel
Statistics and Certificates
Secondary Personnel.
Nouri 12/3
Page 328
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education, Baghdad Province - Rusafa
Secondary Personnel Department
Number - 10682
Date - 1 / 12 / 1959
⟦222⟧
To
Administrations of secondary schools affiliated with this official directorate
and private schools
Subject/ Mathematics curriculum for secondary schools
We attach herewith one copy of the mathematics curricula for secondary schools. Please
act accordingly.
⟦illegible⟧
⟦Faisal⟧ Nassif
Acting Director of Education, Baghdad Province / Rusafa
Attachments:-
Curriculum
A copy of it to:-
Directorate of General Technical Affairs - Curricula and Books - with reference to its letter 110404 on
26 / 11 / 1959
Secondary Personnel Department - with a copy of the curriculum
Qais 1
Page 330
Trigonometry Curriculum
Fourth Scientific Grade
1- Measuring Angles: Sexagesimal and Radian Measure
2- The Angle: Its definition, positive and negative angles, the coordinate axes
3- Trigonometric Ratios: Their definition by coordinates, some examples of extracting them practically and proving
that they are constant for a single angle, the relationship between trigonometric ratios, trigonometric ratios for special angles
which are (0, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 135, ⟦line⟧ to 360),
Explanation of how to extract trigonometric ratios from the table, trigonometric ratios for angles 90 + h, 180 - h
180 + h, 360 + h. Drawing the graphs for each of the sine, cosine, and tangent
4- Applications
5- Trigonometric Equations
6- Practical applications of trigonometric ratios: geometric problems, angles of elevation, and angles of depression
projections, directions
7- Trigonometric ratios for the sum and difference of two angles with proof
8- Trigonometric ratios for multiples and parts of angles
9- Converting the product of two ratios into the sum or difference of two ratios and vice versa
10- Solving oblique triangles: Law of Sines, Law of Cosines, examples of solving oblique triangles using
logarithms and without them.
Area of a triangle
Suggestions
A- When explaining the topic of trigonometric ratios, the teacher is requested to pay attention to the special case when
the angle is in the first quadrant
B- In paragraph (6) of the curriculum, in the case of geometric problems, an example is given to derive the law
of the area of a triangle if two sides and the included angle are known.
C- In the proof of trigonometric ratios for the sum and difference of two angles, it is limited to the first and second quadrants
only.
D- The law for the area of a triangle is given if its three sides are known, without proof
E- Please avoid complex problems.
Fadel 6
Page 331
Objectives of Teaching Mathematics in Secondary Schools
⟦line⟧
1- Preparing students to continue their studies in colleges and equipping them with the basic mathematical information necessary for higher studies.
2- Accustoming students to research, tracking, and deduction, developing a scientific spirit in them, and emphasizing precision in expression and sequential logical thinking based on analysis and inference.
3- Since mathematics is an essential element in all sciences such as physics, astronomy, economics, and statistics, attention must be paid to emphasizing basic concepts and making students understand them with sufficient application, avoiding stuffing students' brains with a large number of laws that they memorize blindly and quickly forget.
4- Given the uses of the subject of graphs in various branches of science, special importance must be given to them and emphasized.
General Mathematics Curriculum
⟦line⟧
Fourth Grade A- Review of algebra topics for intermediate studies
1- Factoring.
B- The four operations for algebraic fractions (no need for continued fractions)
Literal equations of the first | C- First-degree equations with one and two unknowns, integer and fractional
degree with only one unknown | D- Second-degree equations with one unknown.
E- Simultaneous second-degree equations with two unknowns, provided that one of
the two equations is of the first degree and the other is of the second degree so that it is easy
to solve them by the substitution method.
F- General problems on the previous equations.
A- Trigonometry
⟦line⟧
Trigonometric ratios for angles in the first quadrant. Finding the trigonometric ratios of an angle if the value of
one of the ratios is known. Trigonometric ratios for special angles. Trigonometric ratio tables and how to
use them. Law. Applied exercises on trigonometric ratios.
3- Shapes and Graphs
⟦line⟧
Representing statistical information with pie charts, bar charts, comparison bar
charts, broken line graphs, and comparison line graphs with the deduction of some
information from them.
Representing the function of the type Y (X) = AX + B with a graph. Solving the two
simultaneous first-degree equations by the graphical method.
4- Surfaces: triangles of all types, quadrilaterals, square polygons, the circle,
the sector, the segment.
General Mathematics Curriculum
⟦line⟧
Fifth Grade 1- Volumes
⟦line⟧
A- Right prism and right circular cylinder
B- Regular pyramid and right circular cone
C- Regular frustum of a pyramid and right circular frustum of a cone
D- The sphere
2- Laws of Exponents
⟦line⟧
Clarifying the laws with examples in which the exponents are numbers. The meaning of fractional, negative,
and zero exponents. Applied exercises involving multiplication, power, and root operations for single-term expressions.
3- Logarithms: The meaning of a logarithm, examples for finding logarithms of numbers for any base.
Laws of logarithms: logarithm of a product, a quotient, a power, and a root,
and proving them using symbols.
Logarithms with respect to base (10). Logarithms for powers of ten when the exponent is
an integer, and for their reciprocals. Examples showing that numbers are powers of the number (10) -
Determining the characteristic of logarithms of numbers for base (10) and extracting the mantissa
from the table. Applied exercises using tables and without using them.
Applied problems on volumes and compound interest using logarithms.
4- Arithmetic progression: general term law, sum law, and arithmetic mean ---
Applied exercises and problems. Geometric progression: general term law, sum law, geometric mean.
Applied exercises.
Fadel 6 (To be continued)
Page 332
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education of Baghdad Province / Rusafa
Secondary Personnel
Number / 8829
Date / 22 / 11 / 959
Respected Professor
Please inform the science teachers
about the curriculum
⟦illegible⟧
To all administrations of public, private, and foreign primary schools
Subject / Social Sciences and Life Sciences Curricula
Life
Enclosed please find one copy of each of the Social Sciences and Life Sciences curricula
Please act accordingly.
Abdul Rahim Al-Attar
Director of Education of Baghdad Province, Rusafa
Copy to -
Directorate of General Technical Affairs / Curricula and Books / Your letter 102608 dated
11 / 11 / 1959.
Inspection Supervisor / Enclosed is one copy of each of the two curricula for the information of the inspectors
and inspectresses ⟦whatsoever⟧.
Secondary Personnel / Enclosed is one copy of each of the two curricula.
Al-Nuaimi / 18
⟦line⟧
Republic of Iraq
8829
Page 333
⟦Professor Nasser⟧
Please circulate the letter to the specialized professors
Abdullah Oraibi
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education of Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Secondary Personnel
To -
Administrations of all schools in the governorate
Number - 20510
Date - 25 / 11 / 59
(( Extremely Urgent ))
Subject / Prescribed Books
Based on the approval of the General Directorate of Technical Affairs / Curricula and Books / Number 107150
Dated 21 / 11 / 59 .
In the event of a discrepancy between the prescribed books and the curriculum details reported to you, what is stated in the prescribed
book shall be followed regardless of its difference from the curriculum. Please act accordingly.
Abdul Karim Al-Attar
Director of Education of Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Copy to -
General Directorate of Technical Affairs / Curricula and Books
Inspectors (male and female) of this Directorate
Secondary Personnel
Fadel 14
Page 334
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education of Baghdad Province - Rusafa
Secondary Personnel
Number: 8972
Date: / 11 / 1959
To -
Administrations of Official, Private, and Foreign Secondary Schools
Subject/ Application Lessons
Below is a copy of the letter from the Directorate of General Technical Affairs - Curricula and Books No. 10516 on
17 / 11 / 1959, please review it and notify the Arabic language teachers in your school to act accordingly.
Jamil Nassif
For the Director of Education of Baghdad Province - Rusafa
A copy to :-
Directorate of General Technical Affairs - Curricula and Books
Secondary Personnel
-/ Copy of the Letter /-
Your letter No. 1575 on 27 / 10 / 1959.
Due to the absence of a specific <del>⟦illegible⟧</del> book for the application lesson in the subject of Arabic language for the Fourth Scientific Grade.
The teacher shall utilize this period for general applications on the important and practical aspects of Arabic grammar practiced
by the student in the primary and intermediate curricula, and what they have not studied from what the curricula provided but the student remained weak in,
requiring hinting, alerting, and emphasis. Among the most important of these materials to be addressed through examples
and training (not through rules) are:
1 - Examples of nominatives - pro-agent - the subject of Kana and its sisters - Zanna and its sisters - the predicate of Inna and its sisters -
the shortening of 'Lakinna' as much as possible.
2 - General training examples in accusatives (complements) with attention to their inflectional marks - examples of verbs that take
two objects - examples of the active infinitive and active participle - numbers - examples of the non-derivative circumstantial (e.g., alone) - the excepted.
3 - Training on genitives with special attention to the diptotes (forbidden from nunation).
4 - Accusative of the present tense verb (An, Lan, Kay, Hatta, the Lam of justification... etc.).
5 - Jussive of the present tense verb (Lam, the Lam of command, the prohibitive La, In, Man, Mahma, the connective Fa).
6 - Indeclinable words such as Amsa, Qattu, eleven, before and after.
7 - Exercises on the dual and plural in cases of nominative, accusative, and genitive - dual appendages - plural appendages -
the sound feminine plural in the accusative case.
8 - Attribution of verbs such as (Da'a, Radiya, Samma) to the plural Waw and the feminine second-person Ya.
9 - Inflection of the three nouns from the five nouns.
10 - Training with examples on appositives.
11 - Important verbal nouns.
12 - Hamzat al-Wasl and al-Qat'.
Note: - The application lesson is one hour per week for the Fourth Scientific Grade, and there is no application lesson
in the Fifth Scientific Grade; rather, literary texts are taught in two periods per week.
Signed .. General Director
Dr. Salah Khalis
Mr. Ahmed
Please notify the specialized teachers
⟦illegible signature⟧
24 / 11 / 1959
Q 21
Page 335
Mr. Ahmed
Please take the necessary action
⟦illegible⟧
28 / 11 / 959
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education of Baghdad Governorate / Rusafa
Secondary / H
Number / 9744
Date / 24 / 11 / 959
Secondary Book Store Observation
Primary Book Store Observation
Below is a copy of the letter from the Directorate of General Administration / Supplies No. 107898 on
22 / 11 / 959. Please review and act accordingly.
⟦signature⟧
Ghanem Hamdoun
p.p. Director of Education of Baghdad / Rusafa
A copy to -
Directorate of General Administration / Supplies / Your letter above
Administrations of all private schools and institutions / To visit the secondary and
primary book stores regarding the purchase of books.
Copy of the letter
Secondary Accounts / Ibrahim Al-Nuaimi
Please request your storekeepers to supply private schools and institutions with books and pamphlets
for a price if those books are priced. If they are not priced, the storekeeper shall estimate them
at a reasonable rate to avoid complaints and to ensure the regular progress of teaching in a satisfactory manner, similar to official
schools.
Director General
Al-Nuaimi / 25
Page 336
Please take the necessary action
⟦illegible⟧
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education of Baghdad Province / Rusafa
Books and Stationery Warehouse / Rusafa
Very Urgent
Number 8668
Date 22 / 11 / 959
To " Administrations of official and private primary and elementary schools affiliated with the
Rusafa warehouse
Further to our letter 3046 on 22 / 10 / 959.
The books listed below have arrived at the Books and Stationery Warehouse / Rusafa / (formerly
North) located in Al-Aywadhiya next to Al-Zafariya School for Girls. Principals and headmistresses
of schools are requested to visit the warehouse to receive a portion of their needs at the scheduled times after observing the following:-
Please with full accuracy
1- Please submit requisition lists to this directorate directly for approval before visiting the warehouse.
2- Please ensure your visit to the warehouse is before (12) o'clock, as the time allocated
after (12) o'clock will be for recording lists in the registers, auditing them, and handling official warehouse affairs.
3- It is not permissible to send any male or female teacher to receive books and stationery instead of the principal or headmistress
except in special exceptional circumstances and with an official authorization after obtaining the approval of this directorate.
4- Please ensure the accuracy of receiving the books as recorded in the release list in a precise
and correct manner. Any school claiming a shortage after receipt will be held responsible for this
shortage, and the warehouse may not be consulted in this regard.
For ease of statistics and recording, please organize the requisition lists according to the sequence of books listed
below, provided that the quantities are in multiples of five.
Please preserve time to ensure organized distribution. In case of a sudden emergency
requiring a delay, please contact by telephone at number 86794 to set a new appointment.
Ali Al-Shouk
Acting Director of Education of Baghdad Province
Copy to:-
Directorate of General Technical Affairs - Curricula and Books for your kind information
" " " " - Supplies - for information and to provide us with the rest of our needs.
Assistant Mr. Ghanem Hamdoun
General Education Inspectorate - for your kind review
Inspectors of primary schools for Baghdad Education - Rusafa
Department Accountant - please circulate book prices to schools so they can collect the costs
from students to organize lists for their purchase.
Books and Stationery Warehouse - Rusafa - in two copies
Grade | Subject
First | Illustrated Khaldunian Reading
Second | The New in Spelling and Reading Part 2
= | Juz' Amma
Fifth | Principles of Science and Health
= | My Language First Booklet
= | Religion and Ethics
Sixth | My Language First Booklet
= | " Second
= | History First Booklet
= | " Second
= | " Third
= | " Fourth
= | Religion and Ethics
(To be continued - P) Nouri 26
Page 338
( 3 ) Continuation of Boys' Schools
Saturday 12/12/959
Al-Fath in Shaghoura Umm Jidr, Al-Fath with Al-Najah School, the New School
in the new Camp Sarah Khatun, the New School in Tal Muhammad after the bridge (with Al-Bayan),
Al-Zafir, Al-Fath Al-Jadeed with the First Eastern Materials (double shift), Al-Fath Al-Jadeed with Al-Zawiya
, Al-Fath in Samaka village (Salman Pak district), Al-Fath with Bani Said (double shift with Al-Ashbal),
Al-Fath with Ibn al-Jawzi, Al-Fath Al-Jadeed (Al-Za'franiya First School for Boys), Al-Bayan II
Private and Foreign Primary Schools for Boys and Girls
Saturday 12/12 same previous date
Armenian Catholic, United Armenian (mixed), Eastern Armenian (mixed), Armenian
Western (mixed), Al-Irshad, (mixed kindergarten and primary), Al-Tanfeedh, Al-Tanfeedh, (kindergarten and primary)
, Al-Taqaddum (mixed), Al-Ja'fariya, Al-Hikma (mixed kindergarten and primary).
Sunday
13/12/959
Al-Khulud, Al-Husayniya and Sisters of Al-Taqaddum Central, Sisters of Al-Taqaddum in
Bab Al-Sharqi, Sisters of Al-Taqaddum in Karrada Al-Sharqiya, Chaldean Sisters
(Qanatir Road) Chaldean Sisters (in Al-Madhrab Al-Kilani), Sisters of Mary for the Armenians
Catholic, Dar Al-Tufula (mixed kindergarten and primary), Al-Rafidain (mixed kindergarten and primary)
Adel, Al-Diwaniyah, Frank Iny, Al-Fayliyah, Al-Fayliyah Evening, Saint Joseph, Qismat,
Al-Hashimiya, Al-Nashi'a, Al-Mashriq, Menahem Daniel, Al-Sharafa Al-Iraniya, no kindergarten and
nursery of the National Private Institute, Al-Bayt Al-Arabi Nursery, Private Nursery
in Al-Waziriyah, Al-Bayt Al-Arabi Nursery branch in Sheikh Omar.
Nouri 11/26
Page 339
95
Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education of Baghdad Province - Rusafa
Secondary Personnel
Number -
Extremely Urgent Date - ⟦...⟧ / 10 / 1959
To
Administrations of official and private secondary and preparatory schools for boys and girls only
Subject / Curriculum of Principles of Economics for the
Fifth Secondary Grade
Further to the third paragraph of our letter numbered 360 on
5 / 10 / 1959 .
We attach herewith one copy of the Principles of Economics curriculum
prescribed for the fifth secondary grade, both scientific and literary branches
for boys and girls for the current academic year 1959 / 1960 only.
Please hand it over to the male and female economics teachers in your school and act
accordingly.
⟦Signature⟧
Abdul Karim Al-Tayyar
Director of Education of Baghdad Province / Rusafa
A copy to -
General Directorate of Technical Affairs - Curricula, Books and Illustrative Aids -
Your letter 2488 on 4 / 10 / 959
Secondary Personnel
Respected Professor
Please mark the curriculum you have to notify the specialized teachers
and keep it in the specialized file
⟦Signature⟧
Qaisar 7 / 10
Page 340
Copy
- 1 -
Curriculum of Principles of Economics for the Fifth Secondary Grade in the Iraqi Republic for the academic year 1959 / 1960
⟦line⟧
Instructions for the teacher ....... True copy as stated in the comprehensive curriculum (for the fourth and fifth grades) for the year 1959 / 1960
The vocabulary that must be taught during the academic year 59 / 60 for fifth-grade students ⟦line⟧
1 - General information. Definition of economics. Needs and economic activity. Characteristics of needs. Free goods
and economic goods. Utility and value. Consumption goods and production goods. Services.
2 - Factors of production: Natural resources. Labor. Productive capital. Organization.
3 - Economic processes: Production. Exchange. Consumption. Distribution.
4 - National product and national income. Definition of national product and national income and the components of each. Factors that determine
the distribution of national income. Distribution of national income.
5 - Value. Value, its types, and its components.
6 - Wages. Wages, their types, and methods of determining them. Wages and surplus value. Reasons for variation in wages.
7 - Interest and determining its price (its source).
Preparatory
8 - Rent. Land rent. Reasons for variation in rent.
9 - Profits. Profit and risk. Surplus value and profits.
10 - Agriculture. A comprehensive study of agriculture. Nature of agricultural production. Diminishing returns. Large-scale production and small-scale production.
Agricultural services and agricultural extension. Study of the agricultural sector in Iraq and the Agrarian Reform Law.
11 - Industry. Nature of industrial production. Large-scale production and small-scale production. Forms of industrial organization.
Individual ownership and individual management. Companies. Stocks and bonds. Agreements between producers: Cartels and Trusts.
12 - Labor. Organization of labor. Unions and labor legislation. Working hours. Comparison of the worker's conditions in the capitalist
and socialist systems.
13 - The role of public authorities in the national economy. A general idea of government expenditures and the budget. Growth of government expenditures and its causes.
Public revenues. Direct and indirect taxes. Income tax. Property tax. Customs duties. Taxes on
consumption. Car fees and various licenses. Oil revenues.
14 - Economic planning policy. Meaning of economic planning. Its goals and problems. Economic planning policy
and its application in Iraq.
15 - Prices. Prices and the direction (allocation) of economic resources in use. Demand and supply. The effect of income
in determining individual demand for goods and services. Susceptibility of demand (elasticity of demand) to changes in price and income. Supply
and the factors that control its determination. Susceptibility of supply (elasticity of supply) to changes in the prices of goods and services and the prices of
factors of production. Supply and the market. The market and its cases: Perfect competition. Monopoly. Monopolistic competition. Determining prices
in each of these cases. Prices in the non-capitalist market. Prices of productive services.
- To be continued -
Page 341
- 2 -
16 - Currency - its functions and types. Inflation and deflation. State intervention in price control. Causes of changes in the value of currency.
Means of payment that substitute for currency. Commercial papers.
17 - Banks and their types. Central and commercial banks. Agricultural, industrial, and real estate banks, and mortgage banks
and lending associations. Cooperative banks. Postal savings funds. Credit banks. A comprehensive
study of the Central Bank of Iraq and the supervision of banks in Iraq.
18 - Trade: Internal trade - retail trade and wholesale trade. Shops and large department stores and branches.
Cooperative stores. The impact of advertising on demand and spending.
International trade - reasons for trade between ⟦countries⟧. Import and export. Trade balance. General balance of payments.
19 - Trade policy: The principle of free trade and the principle of trade restriction. Government control of foreign trade. Protective
customs duties, import and export by license and quotas.
20 - Economic crises: A historical idea about economic crises. Their causes and impact on the national economy and the international
economy and ways to encounter them.
Page 342
Note: The aforementioned exam took place during the period extending from the middle of the first year (Part One) and the time until the beginning of the middle of the year
second (Part Two).
⟦illegible⟧
Page 343
Principles of Economics Curriculum for Secondary Education in the Iraqi Republic
Instructions for the Teacher:
The purpose of studying the principles of economics in preparatory schools is: -
(1) To enable the student to become familiar with the fundamentals of economic life in the present era. This familiarity is very necessary for every citizen to understand the methods and techniques by which various goods and services are produced to meet human needs and ensure the material prosperity of citizens, and to understand how national income is distributed among the factors of production. It is also necessary for every citizen to understand many important issues and basic problems related to life, because many of these issues are directly related to economic topics, such as colonialism, the feudal system, cultural and health backwardness, unemployment, poverty, and many other problems.
(2) A graduate of the preparatory school will often pursue a profession that requires a significant understanding of economic topics such as the factors of production and the importance of each, various economic processes, forms of economic organization, the functions of money, banking operations, types of companies, commercial papers, and so on.
The purpose of studying economics is therefore dual: preparation for good citizenship and preparation for the profession and the anticipated practical life.
Part One - First Year: -
(1) General information. Definition of economics. Needs and economic activity. Characteristics of needs. Free goods and economic goods. Utility and value. Consumption goods and production goods. Services.
(2) Factors of production. Natural resources. Labor. Productive capital. Organization.
(3) Economic processes. Production. Exchange. Consumption. Distribution.
(4) National product and national income. Definition of national product and national income and the components of each. Factors that determine the distribution of national income. Distribution of national income.
(5) Value. Value, its types, and its origin.
(6) Prices: Prices and the direction (allocation) of economic resources in use. Demand and supply. The effect of income on determining individual demand. The market and its conditions. The susceptibility of demand (elasticity of demand) to changes in price and income. Purpose and factors that control its determination. The susceptibility of supply (elasticity of supply) to changes in the prices of goods and services and the prices of factors of production. Supply and the market. Perfect competition. Monopoly. Monopolistic competition. Determination of prices in each case. Prices in the non-capitalist market. Prices of productive services.
(7) Wages. Wages, their types, and methods of determining them. Wages and surplus value. Reasons for differences in wages. Unemployment, its causes, methods of treatment, and social security.
(8) Interest: Interest and determining its price (rate). Government intervention in determining the interest rate.
(9) Land rent: Reasons for differences in rent. Quasi-rent.
(10) Profits: Profit and risk. Surplus value and profits.
(11) Agriculture: An extensive study of agriculture. The nature of agricultural production. Diminishing returns. Large-scale production and small-scale production. Methods of agricultural exploitation. Labor and the use of machinery (tools) in agricultural activities. Agricultural services and agricultural extension. A study of the agricultural sector in Iraq and the Agrarian Reform Law.
(12) Industry: The nature of industrial production. Large-scale production and small-scale production. Forms of industrial organization. Individual ownership and individual management. Companies. Stocks and bonds. Productive cooperative societies. Agreements between producers. Cartels and trusts.
( Turn the page )
Page 344
2
(13) Labor: Labor organization. Unions and labor legislation. Working hours. Disputes between workers and employers. Conciliation
and arbitration. Comparison of the worker's conditions in the capitalist and socialist systems.
(14) The role of public authorities in the national economy. General idea of government expenditures and the budget. Growth of government expenditures
and its causes.
(15) Public revenues: Various direct and indirect taxes. Income tax. Property tax. Customs duties.
Consumption taxes. Vehicle fees and various licenses. Tax incidence and tax justice. Redistribution of
individual income through taxes and directing public expenditures (providing public social services). Government loans.
Oil revenues.
(16) Economic planning policy: Meaning of economic planning, its objectives, and its problems. Economic planning policy
and its application in Iraq. The necessity of government spending and its impact on increasing national income and economic and social progress.
Part Two - Second Year
(1) Money: Its functions and types. Different monetary systems and the monetary system in Iraq. Value of money. Inflation and deflation.
Causes of changes in the value of money. Credit changes and price index numbers. State intervention in credit control. Means of payment that
substitute for money. Commercial papers.
(2) Monetary policy: Concept of monetary policy and its impact.
(3) Banks: Banks and their types: Central banks and commercial banks. Agricultural banks. Industrial banks.
Real estate banks. Mortgage banks and lending associations. Cooperative banks. Postal savings funds.
Credit banks. The Central Bank of Iraq and bank supervision in Iraq.
(4) Trade: Internal trade. Retail trade and wholesale trade. Persons engaged in trade. Shops and large
department stores and branches. Cooperative stores. The impact of advertising on consumption and spending.
International trade. Reasons for trade between countries. Imports and exports. Trade balance. General balance
of payments. Foreign exchange rate.
(5) International institutions: International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
(6) Trade policy: The principle of free trade and the principle of trade restriction. Government control of foreign trade. Protective
customs duties. Import by license and quotas.
(7) Economic crises: Historical idea of economic crises, their causes and their impact on the national economy and the international
economy and ways to address them.
⟦Commercial Branch⟧
The Republic of Iraq
Directorate of Education of Baghdad Province / Rusafa
Secondary Warehouse
To "-
Number 7594
Date 10 / 11 / 959
5
Administrations of all Intermediate and Secondary Schools
The warehouse of this Directorate / Secondary has received two volumes of the General Science and Health book
scheduled to be taught in the second intermediate classes, so please visit the aforementioned warehouse and receive your requirements.
Professor Kamal
To take the necessary action, please
⟦illegible⟧
Abdul-Mun'im Al-Attar
Director of Education of Baghdad Province / Rusafa
Copy to "-
Secondary Book Warehouse.
Nouri 15
Page 346
- 1 -
Preliminary data on prescribed textbooks for the school year 1959 - 1960
(Primary Education)
The list was organized on 10/7/1959
Grade | Notes:
First Grade |
Al-Khalduniya Reading | Under printing
New Arithmetic | (New authorship) Under printing
Second Grade: |
Arithmetic for Beginners | Printing completed
The New in Spelling and Reading | Imported
Juz' Amma | Under printing
Third Grade: |
Arithmetic for Beginners | (Revised) Printing completed
Arabic Reading | (New authorship) Under printing
History | (Revised) Printing completed
Fourth Grade: |
Arithmetic and Measurements | (Revised) Printing completed
Arabic Reading | (New authorship) Under printing
Religion and Ethics | (Previous book) Under printing
Geography | (Revised) Under printing
History | (Revised) Printing completed
Duties | (Revised) Printing completed
Principles of Science and Health | (New authorship) Under printing
Juz' Tabarak | Under printing
Fifth Grade: |
Arithmetic and Measurements | (New authorship) Printing completed
Arabic Reading | (New authorship) Under printing
My Language Book (Arabic Grammar) | (New authorship) Under printing
Religion and Ethics | (Previous book) Under printing
Geography | (New authorship) Under printing
History | (New authorship) Under preparation
Duties | (New authorship) Under printing
Principles of Science and Health | (New authorship) Under printing
English Language Books | According to the attached list
Sixth Grade: |
Arithmetic and Measurements | (Revised) Printing completed
Arabic Reading | (New authorship) Under preparation
My Language (Arabic Grammar) | (New authorship) Under printing
Religion and Ethics | (Previous book) Under printing
Geography | (New authorship) Under preparation
History | (New authorship) Under printing
National Education | (New authorship) Under printing
Principles of Science and Health | (New authorship) Under printing
English Language Books | According to the attached list
- 4 -
English Books Prescribed for Primary and Secondary Schools for the Academic Year 1959/1960
ENGLISH BOOKLIST FOR PRIMARY, INTERMEDIATE
AND SECONDARY SCHOOL
1959—1960
Primary:
Fifth Year Fifth Primary
1. Oxford English Course for Iraq, Book One.
2. Teacher's Notes to Book One (for teachers).
3. Reading Cards for use in oral lessons. (for Teachers).
Sixth Year Sixth Primary
1. Oxford English Course for Iraq, Book Two.
2. Teacher's Notes to Book Two (for Teachers).
Intermediate.
First Year First Intermediate
1. Oxford English Course for Iraq, Book Three.
2. Teacher's Notes to Book Three (for Teachers).
3. Tom and Carl.
Second Year Second Intermediate
1. Oxford English Course for Iraq, Book Four.
2. Teacher's Notes to Book Four (for Teachers).
3. In Search of Aladdin's Lamp (Iraq Edition).
Third Year Third Intermediate
1. Oxford English Course for Iraq, Book Five.
2. Teacher's Notes to Book Five (for Teachers).
3. Emil and the Detectives.
4. English-Reader's Dictionary.
Secondary:
Fourth Year Fourth Preparatory
1. Grammar and Idiom (Iraq Edition).
2. The Stories of Shakespeare's Plays 1.
3. A Tale of Two Cities.
4. English-Reader's Dictionary.
Fifth Year Fifth Preparatory
1. Grammar and Idiom (Iraq Edition).
2. Bright and Nicholson: Precis Practice for Overseas
Students. (Pages 1—46, and selected passages from
pages 47—77).
3. The Stories of Shakespeare's Plays, Volume 2.
4. English-Reader's Dictionary.
5. Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne, (L. G.).
Ministry of Education Press - Baghdad
Page 347
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Criticism and Rhetoric Part 1 | (New authorship) In press
Secondary Grammar | (New authorship) Under preparation
General Sciences | (Revised) In press
Brief History of Civilization | (New authorship) Under preparation
Social and Economic Conditions of Iraq | (New authorship) Under preparation
Economics | (New authorship) Under preparation
General Mathematics Part 1 | (Previous book) Printing completed
Mathematical Tables | (Previous book) Printed
English Language Books | (According to the attached list)
Fifth Literary Grade:
Literature and Texts Part 1 | (New authorship) Same as Fourth Grade book
| (In press)
Criticism and Rhetoric Part 1 | (New authorship) Same as Fourth Grade book
Secondary Reading Part 1 | (New authorship) Same as Fourth Grade book
| (Printing completed)
General Mathematics Part 2 | (Previous book) Printing completed
Economic Geography | (New authorship) In press
Social Conditions of Iraq | (New authorship) Under preparation
Economics | (New authorship) Under preparation
Modern History of Europe | (Revised) In press
Mathematical Tables | (Previous book) Printed
Fourth Scientific Grade:
Secondary Reading Part 1 | (New authorship) Same as Fourth Literary book
| (Printing completed)
Literary Texts | (New authorship) In press
Algebra Part 1 | (Revised) Printing completed
Principles of Plane Trigonometry | (Revised) In press
General Chemistry | (Revised) Printing completed
Preparatory Physics Part 1 | (Revised) Printing completed
Botany | (Revised) In press
Economics | (New authorship) Under preparation
English Language Books | (According to the attached list)
Fifth Scientific Grade:
Secondary Reading Part 1 | (New authorship) Same as Fourth Grade book
| (Printing completed)
Literary Texts | (New authorship) In press
Algebra Part 2 | (Revised) Printing completed
Solid Geometry | (Previous book) Printing completed
Preparatory Physics Part 2 | (Previous book) In press
Practical Physics | (Revised) In press
Zoology | (Revised) Printing completed
Economics | (New authorship) Under preparation
Mathematical Tables | (Previous book) Printed
English Language Books | (According to the attached list)
Experiments in General Chemistry | (Revised) Printing completed
- 2 -
( Intermediate Education )
First Intermediate | Notes :
Arabic Reading Part 1 | ( New composition ) Under printing
Preparatory Grammar Part 1 | ( New composition ) Under printing
Literary Texts | ( New composition ) Under printing
Principles of General Science Part 1 | ( New composition ) Under printing
Geography | ( Revised ) Under printing
History | ( Revised ) Under printing
Duties | ( New composition ) Under printing
Plane Geometry Part 1 | ( Revised ) Printing completed
General Arithmetic Part 1 | ( Revised ) Under printing
Religion and Ethics | ( Previous book ) Under printing
English Language Books | According to the attached list
Second Intermediate Class : |
Arabic Reading Part 2 | ( New composition ) Under printing
Preparatory Grammar Part 2 | ( New composition ) Under printing
Literary Texts Part 2 | ( New composition ) Under printing
Principles of General Science Part 2 | ( New composition ) Under printing
Geography | ( New composition ) Under printing
History | ( New composition ) Under printing
Duties | ( Revised ) Printing completed
Plane Geometry Part 2 | ( Revised ) Printing completed
General Arithmetic Part 2 | ( Previous book ) Printing completed
Intermediate Algebra Part 2 | ( Previous book ) Printing completed
Religion and Ethics | ( Previous book ) Under printing
English Language Books | According to the attached list
Third Intermediate : |
Arabic Reading Part 2 | ( New composition ) Same second class book, under printing
Preparatory Grammar Part 3 | ( New composition ) Under preparation
History of Arabic Literature | ( New composition ) Under printing
Practical Physics | ( Revised ) Printing completed
Health and Physiology | ( Revised ) Under printing
Intermediate Algebra Part 2 | ( Previous book ) Under printing
Plane Geometry Part 3 | ( Revised ) Printing completed
History | ( Revised ) Under printing
Geography | ( Revised ) Printing completed
Duties | ( Revised ) Under printing
Religion and Ethics | ( Previous book ) Under printing
English Language Books | According to the attached list
( Secondary Education )
Fourth Literary : |
Literature and Texts Part 1 | ( New composition ) Under printing
Secondary Reading Part 1 | ( New composition ) Printing completed
⟦illegible⟧
10
20
Page 348
Social studies teachers are requested to review this curriculum
Abd ⟦...⟧
11/15
Social Science Curricula
For Intermediate and Secondary Education
For the 1959 - 1960 Academic Year
History, Geography, and National Education
Ministry of Education Press - Baghdad
Page 349
- 1 -
History of Ancient Ages
For the first intermediate grades
1 - The student in the intermediate grade studies for almost the first time the topics of the history of ancient civilizations
in a detailed and sequential manner. If we take into account the student's level
in the first grade from both the intellectual and cultural aspects, and that he will not study this subject
in the following years of secondary study, we realize the difficulty of setting the curriculum vocabulary
due to the multiplicity of topics, the length of the eras covered by the curriculum, and the vastness of the countries it
represents.
2 - We have made the main axis of the curriculum the civilizations of Mesopotamia, with a simple glimpse into
contemporary civilizations in neighboring countries that have contact and relation with the civilizations of ancient Iraq.
There are many reasons for this, the most important of which is that the civilization of Mesopotamia is an original civilization
and represents the oldest stages in the development of human civilization. Its roles,
manifestations, elements, and achievements can be taken as representative of the progress of ancient man and a source
for other civilizations that were derived from it.
3 - In light of these matters, we believe that the curriculum should take into account the student's level, the number of prescribed hours,
and the nature of the subject in terms of it being new and unfamiliar. Therefore, an excess of
historical names, years, dynasties, and battles should be avoided, and the subject should be limited primarily
to the history of civilization and the stages of its development, progress, and the achievements of the peoples who
contributed to it, linking that to what remains of the Mesopotamian civilization's heritage in
modern civilizations, including our country. It is also necessary to link general cultural progress to each other
and explain historical roles based on the ancient Iraqi sites that
represent them.
4 - When writing the book according to the proposed curriculum, we believe that the style should follow the aforementioned matters,
especially the novelty of the subject and the level of a student in the first intermediate grade.
We suggest that the book's material and its various topics be of two types: the first is specific to the students,
where the subject is presented in a simplified manner and in a language suitable for the student, limited to mentioning
the basic facts illustrated by many pictures representing the material, explained fully
so that they are part of the curriculum material. We believe that this method is better than increasing the
information in the book's material that is not linked to visuals. This is then followed by the second type,
which is specific to the teacher, by explaining the subject more broadly and comprehensively to serve as
a source and reference for the teacher.
In fact, we thought long and hard about the plan for writing the book, and we did not find it easy
to reconcile the availability of Arabic sources for ancient civilizations, and to avoid creating two books,
one for the teacher and the other for the student, we ended up presenting this proposal.
5 - It is very desirable that the book includes instructions for the teacher on how to clarify
his subject, direct questions, and refer to museums and pictures and how to use them.
Emphasis should be placed on the archaeological sites representing civilizations within the geography of Iraq and the possibility of visiting
some of them, and guiding him to the landmarks he will find in these topics and how to benefit from them
in clarifying the curriculum material.
Page 350
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7 - The Chaldeans:
Their origin. The establishment of their state in Babylon. Its expansion during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. Babylon in his time.
The end of their rule.
The political and social conditions of Iraq after the Chaldean rule.
8 - The most important elements of ancient Iraqi civilizations:
Characteristics of this civilization and its originality. Its influence on ancient civilizations in neighboring countries
and the lands of the Greeks and Romans. The significance of these influences and their value in relation to Iraq's
position and its civilizational status.
Part Two:
1 - The Egyptians:
A comparison between Egypt and Iraq. Egyptian civilization is an original civilization. The Age of the Pyramids.
Description of the pyramids and religion in this era. The Hyksos rule in Egypt, its end,
and its impact. The era of expansion and conquests and the establishment of the empire. The most famous kings of this era.
Relations between Iraq and Egypt. Its end. Ancient Egyptian civilization in brief.
2 - The Semites in the Levant: In brief (Canaanites - Hebrews).
3 - The Phoenicians:
Their origin. Their homeland. Their prominence in seafaring and navigation. The impact of this on transferring ancient
Eastern civilization to distant countries. Aspects of Phoenician civilization. The establishment of Carthage.
Relations between Carthage and Rome. The end of the Phoenicians.
4 - The Persians: A general look at the history of the Persians. The Sassanids in particular.
Part Three:
1 - The Greeks:
Athens and Sparta. Political and social organization in them. Relations between them.
The Macedonians. Their origin and their country. The era of Alexander the Great and his most important works. Their state after
Alexander.
2 - Greek Civilization: A general look at Greek civilization.
3 - The Romans: Their country and origin. The rise of Rome and the expansion of its influence. The Roman
Empire, its division. Its fall and the factors behind it.
4 - Roman Civilization: The most important features and characteristics of Roman civilization.
- 2 -
History
Curriculum Vocabulary for the First Intermediate Grade
Part One:
1 - Ancient man at the beginning of his life:
What is meant by ancient man. His types, his natural environment, his social life and his material
equipment: tools, fire, clothing, food, housing. Selection of samples of habitats
and caves in which his remains were found in northern Iraq.
2 - From the cave to the village:
Man's transition from the stage of food gathering (in the Paleolithic Age) to the stage of food
production (in the Neolithic Age). Where this dangerous revolution occurred and its impact on
his life and its implications. Agriculture and animal domestication. Emergence of villages. Social organization.
Development and progress of man's machines and tools. Selection of illustrative models from sites in
Iraq in light of the results of modern excavations. Expansion of Neolithic villages
and the expansion of agriculture just before the emergence of high civilization in Iraq in particular and the Near
East in general.
3 - The first organizations among the ancient inhabitants of Iraq:
The first peoples who settled in Iraq (the Sumerians). Establishment of the first civilization in
Mesopotamia. The fertile land of Mesopotamia and its exploitation. Control of river
waters. Development of villages and cities. The style of social organization in them. The system of government
and city-states. The people in their daily lives. Their achievements and areas of progress in
this stage.
4 - Establishment of the unified state:
The oldest Semitic waves to Mesopotamia. The origin of the Semites and their migrations to parts of
the Near East. Unification of Mesopotamia into one kingdom and its expansion. Sargon
the Akkadian. Iraq's social, economic, and cultural life in this era.
The end of Akkadian rule in Iraq. The Gutians. The establishment of the Sumerian dynasty in the city of
Ur and the revival of Iraq's political and cultural conditions during its era. The most important manifestations of
civilization. The end of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the political end of the Sumerians.
5 - The Babylonian State. And the emergence of the oldest written laws:
Iraq's political conditions after the fall of the Third Dynasty of Ur. Disputes between the ruling
dynasties and the emergence of the Hammurabi dynasty. Unification of the country into a large kingdom and its expansion.
Hammurabi. Progress and elevation of civilization in this era. Organization of society according to written
laws. Recording of sciences, knowledge, and literature. Prosperity of construction, including building, agriculture,
irrigation, and industry. Social conditions of the country in general.
The end of Babylonian rule and the establishment of the Kassite state in Iraq. Iraq's conditions in
this era and its relations with neighboring countries.
6 - The Assyrians:
Their origin. Their homeland. Description of their country and capitals. Their most famous states. Expansion of their state
through conquests and their control over the Near East. Their most important kings. The end of their rule.