AI English Translation, Pages 251-275
Ministry of the Interior
General Directorate of Police
Travel, Residence and Nationality Administration Department
97
Ministry of Interior of Iraq
⟦illegible⟧
2804
4 / 5 / 940
Baghdad on 4 / 5 / 1940
Number Aga / 797
Secret
1 Rabi' al-Thani 1359
8 May 1940
M Kh / 11
1948
Borders Department
Secret
General Directorate of Police
Subject / Request to grant a visa to an Iranian
scholar.
Your letter No. Aga / 797 dated 4 / 5 / 1940
In view of what you explained in your above-mentioned letter, we have no objection
to granting Sheikh Fathullah Shahidi an entry visa to Iraq while monitoring him upon his arrival
Acting Minister of the Interior
S. A.
5 / 9
M D 2
5 / 8
Postpone for ⟦...⟧
To be monitored upon arrival
5 / 4
⟦...⟧
In view of this, an approval is answered ⟦...⟧
5 / 6
97
Ministry of Interior
Directorate General of Police
Division of "Travel Management, Headquarters and Nationality"
Ministry of Interior of Iraq
⟦illegible⟧
2804
4 / 5 / 940
Baghdad on 4 / 5 / 1940
Number AQA / 757 / 757
Secret
To
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Subject - Request to grant a visa to a scholar
The Royal Iraqi Consulate in Kermanshah requested from us by its letter No. 2 / 14 /
85 dated February 11, 940, to express an opinion regarding granting an entry visa to the scholar
The Iranian named Sheikh Fathallah Shahidi for the purpose of visiting and supervising the repair of his house
Located in Najaf. It was confirmed as a result of the investigation that the aforementioned person has a house in the district of
Al-Mishraq in Najaf, where he previously resided when he was in ⟦the past⟧, and it was also confirmed
the absence of anything against him; therefore, we request you kindly decide what you see fit regarding this request
and inform us.
Director General of Police
For review. Order C
5 / 4
Write to the ⟦Foreign Ministry⟧ with approval ⟦illegible⟧
6 / 5
2
5 / 4
On 4 / 5 / 1940
Number / 797 / K
"Travel, Residence and Nationality Administration"
Secret
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Request to grant a visa to a scholar
The Royal Iraqi Consulate in Kermanshah requested of us in its letter numbered 2 / 14 /
85 and dated 11 February 940 to express an opinion regarding granting an entry visa to the
Iranian scholar called Sheikh Fathallah Shahidi for the purpose of visiting and supervising the repair of his house
located in Najaf. It has been confirmed as a result of the investigation that the aforementioned person has a house in the
Al-Mishraq neighborhood in Najaf where he previously resided when he was in Iraq, and it was also confirmed
that there is nothing against him, therefore we request the favor of deciding what you see fit regarding this request
and informing us.
⟦signature⟧
Director General of Police
95
104 / 7 / ⟦illegible⟧
Directorate General of Police
Travel, Residence and Nationality Management Division
Baghdad
Ministry of Interior of Iraq
Special Office
No. 2445
Date 17 / 4 / 1940
No. Aqa /: 10466
Date /: 3 / 9 / 1359
7 / 4 / 1940:
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Visa Grant Request
96
23 Rabi' al-Awwal / 359
30 April / 1940
1855 / ⟦illegible⟧
104 / 7 / <del>⟦illegible⟧</del>
Borders Division
- Secret -
Directorate General of Police
Subject - Visa Grant Request .
With reference to your letter No. Aqa / 10466 dated 17 / 4 / 1940 .
In view of the end of the season for visiting the Holy Shrines and because there is no justification for the arrival of
the Iranian scholar Mr. Ismail Sajjadi to Iraq, we do not approve granting him
an entry visa to Iraq and we recommend rejecting his request at the present time .
S. H.
⟦signature⟧
Acting Minister of Interior
102
5 / 4
14 / 4 / 40
Enclosures
2
⟦signature⟧
4 / 18
Filed
If it matches
The reference in the first book / 28 (p. 41)
For action
⟦signature⟧
4 / 18
Reminder on 10 / 5 / 40 in the hope that
a rejection response is obtained because we did not write
on any building .
⟦signature⟧
4 / 22
95
1 / 154
Directorate General of Police
Travel, Residence, and Nationality Administration Division
Baghdad
Ministry of Interior of Iraq:
Special Office: 2445
No: 2445
Date: 17 / 4 / 1940
No / Q / 10466
Date / 3 / 1359 AH
7 / 4 / 1940 AD
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Request for granting a visa
With reference to your letter numbered MH / 4169 and dated 13 October 38
The Royal Iraqi Consulate in Tabriz has informed us by its letter No. 56 / 4 dated
26 February 40, a copy of which is attached herewith, that the Iranian scholar under discussion, Mr.
Ismail Sajjadi, intends to come to Iraq again for the purpose of pilgrimage.
There is nothing against the aforementioned person; therefore, we leave the decision on his request to your
opinion, especially since the important pilgrimage seasons have now passed. We kindly ask you to provide us
with your decision in this regard.
⟦signature⟧
Director General of Police
D . M
There is no objection to the arrival of these scholars to Iraq provided
they do not carry letters for a political party.
And in view of what the Directorate General of Police
and the Consulate General in Tabriz indicated regarding the aforementioned person
of his lack of connection to the movements mentioned in Iran
apparently - we suggest no objection to the
request. For order with appreciation.
Attachments
2
⟦signature⟧
4 / 18
M . H
Kindly be informed that this Ministry has previously
agreed to grant the aforementioned person an entry visa for the purpose
of pilgrimage in its letter dated 28 / 10 / (Page 41).
For order please.
⟦signature⟧
4 / 18
M . H
4167
Remind according to what was mentioned above
provided that they do not carry letters for anyone and have
no political connection.
⟦signature⟧
4 / 22
Ministry of Interior
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
General Secret Directorate
Travel, Residence, and Nationality Administration Branch
Baghdad
Number: Res / 10466
Date: / 3 / 1359
17 / 4 / 1940
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Request to grant a visa
With reference to your letter numbered M H / 4169 dated 13 October 938
The Royal Iraqi Consulate in Tabriz has informed us by its letter numbered 4 / 4 / 56 dated
26 February 40, a copy of which is attached, that the Iranian scholar under discussion, Mr.
Ismail Sajjadi, intends to come to Iraq again for the purpose of a visit.
There is nothing against the aforementioned individual; however, we leave the final decision on his request to your
Excellency's opinion, especially since the important visiting seasons have now passed, so please favor us
with your decision in this regard.
⟦signature⟧
Director General of Police
Attachments
2
92
Copy of the letter from the Royal Iraqi Consulate in Tabriz No. 4/5/ and dated February 2, 40
Addressed to the Directorate of General Police
Reference to your letter No. Aqa/S/1625 dated 10/25/1938.
The Iranian scholar named Sayyid Ismail Sajjadi, son of
Sayyid Muhammad Ali, approached this consulate requesting an entry visa to Iraq for the purpose of visiting the Holy Shrines.
We ask you to please consider the request and inform us of your opinion. Noting that the aforementioned person
had traveled to Iraq based on your approval contained in your letter referred to above, and this current
application is for the purpose of traveling to Iraq once again.
⟦line⟧
Copy of the letter from the Royal Iraqi Consulate in Tabriz, No. 5 / 4 / 4 dated February 6, 40
Addressed to the Directorate of General Police
Reference to your letter No. Q 1 / S / 1625 dated 10/25/1938.
The Iranian scholar named Mr. Ismail Sajjadi, son of
Mr. Muhammad Ali, visited this consulate requesting an entry visa to Iraq for the purpose of visiting the Holy Shrines.
We kindly ask you to consider the request and inform us of your opinion. Noting that the aforementioned person
had previously traveled to Iraq based on your approval contained in your letter referred to above, and this
request is for the purpose of traveling to Iraq once again.
⟦line⟧
82
Directorate General of Police
Travel, Residence and Nationality Administration Division
Baghdad
⟦illegible⟧ / 7 / 54
Ministry of Interior, Iraq
Private Office
Number 2446
Date 17 / 4 / 1940
Number IQA / 10468
Date 3 / 3 / 1359 AH
17 / 4 / 1940 AD
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Request for granting a visa
71
54 / 7 / ⟦illegible⟧
92
23 Rabi' al-Awwal / 359
30 April / 1940
5 / M KH / ⟦illegible⟧
1854
Borders Division
- Secret -
Directorate General of Police
Subject - Request for granting a visa.
With reference to your letter No. IQA / 10468 dated 17 / 3 / 1940
In view of the end of the season for visiting the Holy Shrines and the lack of justification for the arrival of
the Iranian scholar Mr. Muhammad Ali Sajjadi to Iraq, we do not agree to
granting him an entry visa to Iraq and we see fit to reject his request at the present time
and we recommend
Acting Undersecretary of the Ministry of Interior
This case is similar
to cases that were decided to be rejected
especially as the current circumstances require
rejection of the request. ⟦illegible⟧
4/18
For action
4/18
Remind with ⟦illegible⟧ D. His Excellency agreed
to reply with rejection as well
S. Q.
M D
5 / 4 / 40
Archived
General Directorate of Police
Travel, Residence, and Nationality Administration Division
Baghdad
94
Ministry of Interior of Iraq
Special Office
Number 2446
Date 17 / 4 / 1940
Number ⟦10468⟧
Date 3 / 9 / 1359
4 / 4 / 1940
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Visa Grant Request
71
With reference to your letter numbered ⟦Kh⟧ / 3611 and dated 25 October 38 -
The Royal Iraqi Consulate in Tabriz informed us by its letter No. 57 / 4 and dated
26 February 940, a copy of which is attached herewith, that the Iranian scholar under discussion, Mr.
Muhammad Ali Sajjadi Al-Sayyid Ismail, requested permission to enter Iraq for the purpose
of visitation.
There is nothing against the aforementioned individual, although we leave the decision on his request to the opinion of
your honorable position, especially since the season of important visits has ended now, so we hope you will kindly provide us
with your decision in this regard.
Director General of Police
Note
71
S.O.
Please be informed that this Ministry had
previously agreed to grant the aforementioned individual an entry visa to Iraq
for the purpose of visitation in its first letter 928 (p. 71)
For order please.
4/18
S.O.
This case is similar
to the cases for which an official
rejection was decided because the time has passed
The request is rejected. Deposit with S.O.
4/18
Discuss with S.O. and inform His Excellency
of our response with rejection as well.
General Police Directorate
Travel Management, Residency and Nationality Department
Baghdad
Number ⟦A N⟧ / 1046
- Date / 3 / 1359 AH
4 / 4 / 1940 AD
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Request for granting a visa
With reference to your letter No. J N / 4361 dated October 25, 938
The Royal Iraqi Consulate in Tabriz informed us in its letter No. 57 / 4 / 4 dated
February 26, 940, the copy of which is attached, that the Iranian scholar aforementioned Mr.
Muhammad Ali Sajjadi bin Al-Sayyid Ismail requested permission to enter Iraq for the purpose
of visitation.
There is nothing against the aforementioned person, however we leave the decision on his request to the opinion of
your Excellency, especially since the season of important visitations has now ended, so please provide us
with your decision in this regard.
⟦signature⟧
Director General of Police
Attachments
2
A L
Royal Iraqi Consulate
Tabriz
Number 4 / 4 / 57
Date 26 February 940
81
Directorate of General Police
Reference to your letter numbered Aqa / S / 1713 and dated 16 / 1 / 38
The Iranian scholar named Mr. Muhammad Ali
Sajjadi son of Mr. Ismail visited this consulate requesting an entry visa to Iraq for the purpose of
visiting the Holy Shrines. We kindly ask you to consider the request and inform us of your opinion,
noting that the aforementioned person had traveled to Iraq based on your approval contained in
your letter referred to above, and this visit of his is for the purpose of traveling to Iraq once
again.
Vice Consul
Royal Iraqi Consulate
Tabriz
Number 4 / 4 / 57
Date 26 February 940
Directorate of General Police
Reference to your letter numbered Aqa/S/1713 and dated 16 / 11 / 38
The Iranian citizen named Mr. Mohammad Ali
Sajjadi bin Mr. Ismail visited this consulate requesting a visa to enter Iraq for the purpose of
visiting the Holy Shrines. We kindly request you to consider the current application and inform us of your opinion,
noting that the aforementioned person had previously traveled to Iraq based on your approval contained in
your letter referred to above, and this visit of his is for the purpose of traveling to Iraq once
again.
Vice Consul
Special form for suggestions and observations
Ministry of Interior
Competent Branch: S. Kh.
Date: 4 / 5 / 40
Authority to whom it is submitted: M. A.
Subject: The Iranian scholar Murtadha Majhul.
The Iraqi Legation in Tehran indicated in its letter ⟦181⟧ addressed to
the Directorate of General Police, with a copy to this Ministry, that it had granted
the Iranian scholar Sheikh Murtadha Majhul son of Sheikh Zain al-Abidin a transit
visa to Iraq for the purpose of going to Mecca for Hajj, and that the aforementioned
claimed that the border authorities in Khanaqin prevented his entry into Iraq on the pretext
that his place of residence mentioned in the passport is Najaf al-Ashraf
and it is ⟦not⟧ necessary for him to obtain an ordinary visa granting him the right of residence
in Iraq. The Legation objected to this, and we requested the opinion
of the General Police in our letter ⟦19⟧ regarding this claim.
The Directorate of General Police states in its attached letter that
granting the aforementioned a visa was based on the circular of this
Ministry requiring him to obtain a visa that authorizes him
to enter the country and reside in Iraq, and that it has granted
the visa according to the external request on ⟦16⟧.
Finally, the case has become closed with the end of the
Hajj season, and I request approval to file it.
⟦Signed⟧
5/5/40
T
Government Press 3333 - 1 - 40
Ministry of Interior of Iraq
Directorate General of Police
Number 276
Date 18 / 12 / 1358
1 / 1 / 1940 AD
Ministry of Interior
Directorate General of Police
Department of Passport, Residence and Nationality
MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF POLICE
DEPARTMENT OF PASSPORT, RESIDENCE AND NATIONALITY
Baghdad, (Iraq):
No.:
Secret
⟦line⟧
29
<del>⟦illegible⟧</del>
Since special instructions have recently been issued
stipulating the prevention of Iranian nationals
from entering Iraq
so please provide ⟦illegible⟧
r from Iraq.
44 dated 20 / 12 / 039
the competent stations regarding allowing
two hands to enter Iraq with a visa
entry to a neighboring kingdom, and that
1 / 5 / 039
the necessary measures following the receipt of the Ministry's letter
dated 12 / 12 / 39, so I instructed
to enter Iraq with a transit visa to go
to a neighboring kingdom.
Director General of Police
Take the necessary action ⟦illegible⟧ the two secretaries
5 / 1 / 40
Reference to its letter No. 1458 / 4 / 4
dated 10 / 12 / 39 for information.
2
M. M.
To be resubmitted after the division of
the period from folder 54 / 7
if I did not object ⟦illegible⟧
2 / 1 / 40
1
M. M.
Submit the rest of the intelligence
related to the subject of
the Ministry ⟦illegible⟧
2 / 1 / 40
Ministry of Interior
Directorate General of Police
Department of Travel, Residence and Nationality
MINISTRY OF INTREIOR
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF POLICE
DEPARTMENT OF PASSPORT, RESIDENCE AND NATIONALITY
Ministry of Interior of Iraq
Special Office
Number 276
Date 20 / 1 / 1940
8 / 12 / 1358
Secret
⟦line⟧
Ministry of Interior
Subject: Transit through Iraq.
Reference to your letter number S.O. / 4427 dated 20 / 12 / 39.
The result of the investigation revealed that the refusal of the competent authorities to allow
the Iranian scholar Sheikh Murtadha Majhul Sheikh Zain al-Abidin to enter Iraq with a
transit visa was due to his failure to obtain a visa authorizing him to enter a neighboring kingdom,
based on your circular number S / 319 dated 27 / 5 / 39.
This directorate had taken the necessary measures following the receipt of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs letter number Q / 18365 / 3 / 16 / 100 dated 12 / 12 / 36, instructing
all outposts to allow Iranian scholars to enter Iraq with a transit visa to go
to Hajj even if their passports were void of a visa to a neighboring kingdom.
⟦signature⟧
Director General of Police
Copy to:
The Royal Iraqi Legation in Tehran
Reference to its letter number 1458 / 4 / 4
dated 10 / 12 / 39 for information.
S.O.
Submit the rest of the file ⟦illegible⟧
21 / 1
S.O.
To be resubmitted with the section
from folder 7/54
as I did not find it
22 / 1
Please submit the draft of these
papers ⟦illegible⟧
27 / 1 / 40
8 / 12 / 1358
18 / 1 / 1940
107 / 4 / 51
Secret
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Transit through Iraq
Reference to your letter No. M. Kh / 4427 dated 20 / 12 / 39
It appeared to us as a result of the investigation that the refusal of the competent authorities to allow
the Iranian scholar Sheikh Murtadha Majhul Sheikh Zain al-Abidin to enter Iraq with a transit
visa was due to his failure to obtain a visa authorizing him the right to enter a neighboring kingdom, and that
is based on your circular No. S / 319 dated 27 / 5 / 39
This directorate had taken the necessary measures following the receipt of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs letter No. Q / 18365 / 100 dated 12 / 12 / 36, and instructed
all outposts to allow Iranian scholars to enter Iraq with a transit visa to go
to Hajj, even if their passports were devoid of a visa to a neighboring kingdom.
⟦signature⟧
Director General of Police
Copy to -
The Royal Iraqi Legation in Tehran
Reference to its letter No. 4 / 4 / 1458
dated 10 / 12 / 39 for information.
15 Rabi' al-Awwal / 359
23 April / 1940
M Kh / 1266
42 88
<del>7</del> 154
Borders Department
⟦line⟧
- Secret -
Directorate of General Police
Subject - Granting an entry visa.
With reference to your letter numbered Aqa / S / 414 and dated ⟦illegible⟧
Subject - Granting an entry visa.
With reference to your letter numbered Aqa / S / 414 and dated 14 / 3 / 1940.
Please provide us with detailed information regarding the relationship of the Iranian scholar Mr.
Ibrahim Bushehri in Iraq, while stating whether you see that there is a strong
reason to allow him to return to ⟦line⟧ .
⟦signature⟧
/ Acting Minister of Interior
M D
S. J.
The person named ⟦Ibrahim⟧ Al-Khalisah requests our approval
for a detailed writing about his relations in Iraq and whether
he had any contacts, it seems almost that
the way is open for him to return to Iraq.
⟦signature⟧
21 / 4
17 Safar / 359
26 March / 1940
142 /
Borders Department
General Police Directorate
- Secret -
Subject - Granting an entry visa.
With reference to your letter numbered Aqa / S / 414 dated 14 / 3 / 940
Based on what was stated in your letter referred to above, we have no objection to
granting the Iranian scholar named Mr. Ibrahim Bushehri an entry
visa to Iraq.
Minister of Interior
Sh. M.
Thabit M. D.
Instructions are taken - regarding the visa
of such persons ⟦illegible⟧
M. 2
For deliberation
M. D.
21 / 2
2/27
4354 / 4 / 2
⟦illegible⟧
M. 2
To provide the required instructions in the margin
M. A. Please
⟦illegible⟧
4/2
My dear Mr. Abdul Aziz
Answer 4354 to
your attention please ⟦illegible⟧
4/3
I did not find it please
⟦illegible⟧
4/6
Ministry of the Interior
General Police Directorate
Ministry of Interior of Iraq:
Number: 1586
Date: 16 / 2 / 1940
Baghdad on 8 / 3 / 1940
01359 / 2 /
Number Aqa / K / 414 /
Division of "Travel Management, Residency and Nationality"
Secret
⟦line⟧
To
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Entry visa for a scholar
The Royal Iraqi Consulate in Khorramshahr requested in its letter No. 27 / 5
dated January 15, 40, a copy of which is attached, an opinion on the entry request of the Iranian scholar
named Mr. Ibrahim Bushehri to Iraq. The investigation we conducted showed
that the aforementioned person used to reside in Kadhimiya and travels to Iran and India, and his actual profession is
reading condolences (Ta'ziya) without anything appearing against him. Therefore, we have taken the initiative to present his matter to your office
for you to decide what you see fit in this regard and inform us.
⟦signature⟧
Director General of Police
M. A.
For your kind review and orders, please.
⟦signature⟧
2 / 25
Sh. 2
It is noted that he was previously residing in Iraq and there is nothing against him?
No objection to granting the visa?
2 / 26
M. Gh.
Proceed with the correspondence attached
regarding the Iranian scholars
Please
2 / 16
Sh 2
Please give me an idea about the latest
Secondly, for follow-up p. 5
⟦signature⟧
2 / 18
013592/1
01340/3/12
414/5/1
"Directorate of Travel, Residence and Nationality"
Secret
Ministry of Interior
Subject - Entry visa for a scholar
The Royal Iraqi Consulate in Khorramshahr requested in its letter No. 5 / 27
dated January 15, 40, a copy of which is attached, an opinion on the entry request of the scholar
The Iranian named Mr. Ibrahim Bushehri to Iraq. The investigation we conducted revealed
that the aforementioned person used to reside in Kadhimiya previously and travels to Iran and India, and his actual profession is
reciting condolences, without anything appearing against him. Therefore, we took the initiative to present his matter to your office
to decide what you deem appropriate in this regard and inform us.
⟦signature⟧
Director General of Police
Attachments
2
A/A
82
Copy of the letter from the Royal Iraqi Consulate in <del>Khorramshahr</del> Khorramshahr No. 4 / 5 / 27 dated
January 15, 40, addressed to the Directorate of General Police.
The Iranian individual whose details are shown below and whose photograph is attached
has visited this consulate requesting an entry visa to Iraq. -
1 - Full Name - Sayyid Ibrahim Bushehri.
2 - Nationality - Iranian
3 - Place of Residence - Al-Kadhimiya
4 - Age - Born in the year 1889
5 - Occupation - Preacher
6 - Purpose of Travel - To return to his permanent place of residence
7 - He cites the individuals whose details follow as references. -
1 - Muhammad Qasim bin Ali Al-Zankabari - Merchant in Al-Kadhimiya.
2 - Sayyid Hadi <del>Atifa</del> Sayyid Said - Servant of the Shrine in Al-Kadhimiya
3 - Sayyid Hadi Atifa - " " " "
8 - The aforementioned holds Iranian passport No. 966 / 28594 dated
4 / 10 / 38 issued in Tehran. Please inform us if you have any objection to granting him
the requested visa.
⟦line⟧
Copy of the Royal Iraqi Consulate's letter in Khorramshahr No. 27 / 5 / 4 dated
January 15, 40 addressed to the Directorate of General Police.
The Iranian individual, whose details are shown below and whose photograph is
attached, visited this consulate requesting an entry visa to Iraq.
1 - Full Name - Sayyid Ibrahim Bushehri
2 - Nationality - Iranian
3 - Place of Residence - Kadhimiya
4 - Age - Born in the year 1889
5 - Occupation - Preacher
6 - Purpose of Travel - To return to his permanent place of residence
7 - Cited as references are the following persons:
1 - Muhammad Qasim bin Ali Al-Zankabari - Merchant in Kadhimiya
2 - Sayyid Hadi <del>Muhammad</del> Sayyid Said - Shrine servant in Kadhimiya
3 - Sayyid Hadi Atayfa - " " " "
8 - The aforementioned holds Iranian passport No. 966 / 28594 dated
10 / 4 / 38 issued in Tehran. Please inform us if you have any objection to granting him
the requested visa.
⟦line⟧
27 Safar / 359
7 April / 1940
21 Kh 2 / 166
Legal Directorate
- Secret -
⟦illegible⟧
Directorate of General Police
Subject - Transit Visas
Reference to your secret letter numbered S/22 dated 4 / 1 / 1940
We confirm what we have previously stated that a transit visa is not necessarily
granted for the purpose of passing from Iraq to other countries. As for the text of Article
13 of the Residency Law regarding the collection of the difference between the transit visa fee
and the regular visa fee in the event that the holder of a transit visa is permitted to reside
in Iraq, it was intended to prevent any loophole to evade the regular visa fee
by obtaining a transit visa first and then applying for
an extension of stay. Therefore, we request your final views based on
this basis.
⟦signature⟧
Acting Minister of Interior
⟦signature⟧
202
1
T 1
I want the plan
7 / 4
A 2
Please present the file
⟦signature⟧
16 / 4
⟦signature⟧