AI en Translation, Pages 601-625
Page 601
19 - Special games for physical education
20 - Anthems
21 - Hygiene monitoring
Section Five
Examinations
22 - Daily tests
23 - " Monthly
24 - " Seasonal
25 - General examination
26 - Grades
27 - Failure
28 - Completion (Make-up exams)
29 - Success
30 - Examination reports
Section Six B
School meetings
Lectures
Speeches
Section Six A
Students
31 - Student admission requirements
32 - Children of directors and teachers
33 - Student ethics inside and outside
34 - School report about them
35 - School report to the student's guardians
36 - Assignments
37 - Various notebooks for the student
38 - Awards
Section Seven
General Inspection
39 - The inspector or the inspection committee
40 - Inspection cycles
41 - Inspector reports
Section Eight
Medical Inspection
42 - School doctor
43 - Clinic cycle
44 - His authority
Section Nine
Service
45 - Their appointment
Page 602
⟦The System⟧ ⟦...⟧
46 - Their dismissal
47 - Their supervision
Section Ten
Restrictions, Records, and School Schedules
Page 603
Internal Regulations of the Alliance School
1 - Teachers are requested to take turns supervising during breaks, especially the lunch break.
2 - A supervision rotation schedule for each teacher shall be organized and posted in the teachers' room.
3 - Supervising teachers are assigned to be present during the students' lunch at the school.
4 - Teachers on supervision duty must arrive at the school half an hour before the students arrive, specifically
during the lunch break, and they are responsible for any disorder that occurs during the break and its consequences.
5 - The entry and exit of children must proceed in an orderly fashion, with classes advancing according to their grade—
first by first—and being led by their teachers.
6 - All teachers must sign the attendance register kept with the gatekeeper, and any teacher forced to be
absent is requested to notify the administration a day in advance.
7 - Teachers are called upon to oversee the cleanliness of the classrooms, provided that a student monitor is assigned.
8 - During breaks, no student is allowed to remain in the classroom or the corridor (the hallway) except for the monitor. However, if the day
is rainy, students are permitted to spend the break in the corridors.
9 - Teachers are requested, during the morning assembly of students, to conduct an inspection for cleanliness, and any student
with a dirty face or hands shall be punished by being sent to the school basin to wash.
10 - Every student, especially those in the higher classes, must have at least three notebooks (1 - for class drafts,
2 - for homework, 3 - a general fair-copy notebook in which selections from various lessons are transcribed as suggested by the teacher ⟦secretly⟧).
11 - The homework and fair-copy notebooks shall be unified (containing assignments for the different languages taught in the school),
and teachers must inspect the fair-copy notebooks at least once a week, provided this inspection takes place outside the school.
12 - Every class must have a register to record the progress of teaching, including lessons or assignments given or received, and so forth.
13 - Teachers are generally requested to minimize punishments as much as possible by instilling in the students
love and respect for the teacher, a desire for knowledge, and adherence to virtuous morals. As for the primary
classes, teachers are requested to follow a reward system, and these rewards shall be given by granting them special papers for good
grades.
14 - All students must understand that the best reward is promotion from one class to a higher one, which is only possible for them
through effort during the academic year and obtaining passing grades in the three yearly exams conducted
by the teachers and in the final general exam conducted by the director, as the administration relies on
promoting students by taking the average of the four aforementioned exams.
(Copy)
Page 604
Punishments
15 - Corporal punishment is strictly forbidden, and every incident resulting from the infliction of corporal punishment on a student exposes the teacher
responsible before the local authority and threatens them, in such grave cases, with dismissal from the school.
16 - The school punishments that must be applied according to the student's fault or negligence are listed in order below. However, it
should not escape the teachers' minds that duty requires them to be lenient toward the student's lapses and to turn a blind eye
to their small faults, which are inevitable as they are still developing in the beginning of their moral formation.
List of Punishments
Graduated Punishments:
1 - Bad grades.
2 - Written punishments at home.
3 - Detention at school without writing.
4 - " " " with writing.
5 - Temporary expulsion to a lower class.
6 - Final " " " ".
7 - Public reprimand in front of all students.
8 - Temporary expulsion from school.
9 - Perpetual " " ".
Note: The last two punishments are only carried out by the Director.
18 - Teachers are requested <del>⟦illegible⟧</del> not to overindulge in giving written punishments, but rather to implement them so that the <del>students</del>
pupils benefit from them.
- Not to crowd the detention list with students' names, as this makes the supervisor's job difficult.
Absence and Tardiness
19 - If a student is forced to be absent, they must obtain special permission from the administration, and this permission
is granted when the administration is convinced of the student's need for it.
20 - A student absent without permission is punished with written detention.
21 - If this unauthorized absence is repeated, the student is expelled temporarily or permanently to a lower class or from the school in extreme cases
of this kind.
- A late student is punished with home writing or detention at noon.
22 - The school gate is closed to late students half an hour after the start of lessons.
Page 605
Summary Memorandum
Regarding the measures intended to be taken by the Council
1- Enacting a school system that includes all the community's schools.
2- <del>The necessity of opening the Shamash School</del>
3- <del>Temporarily transferring the sixth, fifth, and secondary classes to the Shamash School</del>
4- Selecting a director for the Shamash School
5- Opening a public library
6- Subscribing to high-quality newspapers and magazines
7- Organizing a night class
8- Delivering public lectures
9- Delivering private lectures to the teachers
10- Seeking to promote teachers materially and morally
11- Teacher transfers
12- Conducting monthly inspections of the schools by the Council
13- Spreading the idea of liberal professions among the youth
14- Increasing practical lessons in the girls' school, meaning practical lessons related to a girl's life
15- Seeking to reform the teaching curricula in the Alliance schools in general ⟦especially⟧
16- Inspecting the schools of the Dayan Foundation from time to time
17- Enacting a retirement system for teachers
18- Supporting every literary, scientific, or economic movement in the country
20- Seeking to find a private source for the Council's finances so that it can carry out educational reforms as desired
21- Spreading the call among the members of the wealthy class to send their children to study outside Iraq, especially Europe, and sending
an annual mission if possible at the Council's expense
Page 607
Fifth Year, Issue 1485 (11 AUGUST 1927)
Advertisements are agreed upon with the administration
Inside the country | Outside the country
Subscriptions paid in advance for a year | 150 | 220
" " for six months | 85 | 110
AL SIASSA 10, Rue Mobtadayian - Cairo
Teleph. 4572 - 6509
Is there a special legislation for practicing the teaching profession?
That legislation must exist
Egyptian law prohibits a person from practicing the profession of law unless they hold a special certificate recognized by the government. This certificate is not required to be of Egyptian origin; it can be French, English, or similar. Consequently, in the medical profession, a similar certificate must exist.
Therefore, there is special legislation that prohibits intruders from entering doors they are not qualified for. The Egyptian government was not the first to create this legislation; rather, it is a Western creation that we introduced to our country because of our need for it.
Let us stop for a moment at the medical profession before it was defined by this firm legislation. There were many charlatans and sorcerers who falsely and slanderously attributed themselves to this profession because one of them once prescribed a medicine for an ignorant, naive person, and by chance, circumstances helped him. The belief in recovery took root in the patient's mind, and they were cured. Thus, the name of this fraudster became famous, and delegations of patients flocked to him. However, even if time favors such people once, it will reveal the truth of their matter many times over. But the ignorant public is blind and does not notice, and as long as the belief has taken root in their soul, it is difficult to uproot. The victims of this criminal novice became many, and misery loomed over those who believed in his ability to cure them of their diseases. This is an example of a charlatan in one village, and there is another charlatan in another village, and a third in a third spot, and so on. Thus, the number of charlatans came to mimic or exceed the number of doctors, so chaos grew and the affliction spread. Therefore, these fraudsters must be struck down. So the legislation came as a sharp sword to stop their likes.
This is an example of a physical illness that the government feared would spread. But there is a mental and moral illness that is more dangerous and more harmful, and our government is heedless and unaware of it. Is not the legal teacher (and I mean by legal here one who has completed the study of pedagogy and education according to its principles) like the legal doctor??? And is not the fake and intrusive teacher who has not studied anything of pedagogy and knows little or nothing of the principles of the profession like the fraudulent charlatan???
The intruder into the teaching profession is a great danger to society. Do we not know that if an intruder prescribes a fatal medicine to a patient, the tragedy stops at the patient and their family only because of their ignorance? But as for the intrusive teacher, if the children of the nation are handed over to him, he breathes into them his poisons and fatal germs. These children will become men tomorrow, but they will be men of evil and wickedness, harming society. Among them will be the thief, the murderer, the drunkard, the fraudster, and the like. Thus, society, through the crime of the quack doctor, might have found relief in the death of an ignorant individual or individuals because those who believe in a charlatan do not deserve life. But society, through the crime of the teaching pretender, suffers, tires, and grieves much.
Therefore, intuitively, an easy-to-answer question comes to mind: Who is a greater danger to human society, a charlatan claiming the medical profession? Or a fraudster claiming the teaching profession??
Undoubtedly, this latter fraudster is one of the greatest evils in the world for all of humanity.
And since it has now appeared that the intruder into the profession of pedagogy and education is a great danger, let us see how these people enter the door of teaching. Are there obstacles standing in their way, or do they enter easily? Is it necessary to create special legislation for practicing the teaching profession, and why has the government been lax in creating this legislation? Have the factors of laxity disappeared so that the need for legislation has become very urgent?
I am outspoken, and I can testify to the truth of what I say with facts and real stories. I have noticed during the long period I spent in teaching first, then in the Ministry of Education second, and finally until retirement, that intruders are accepted in astonishing numbers to practice teaching as a profession. There is no better evidence of this than for you to notice with me, dear respected reader, the ornate advertisements placed on walls
and at crossroads. You find strange names: "Renaissance Schools" - Refinement - Loyalty - Union - Homeland. Ask with me: Have the teachers of these schools studied how to teach? Or do they have the information they give to the students? Or do their morals suit mingling with these little angels?
The answer to these questions is a categorical negative. There is no knowledge, no morals, and no integrity. The most that can be said is that the government closed the doors in the faces of these people when they were not employed for background or moral reasons, so they began to seek paths. And what path is easier to attain than practicing the teaching profession? Thus, this intruder only has to write a nice advertisement in good handwriting and place it on the door of any house, hire a (guard) of any kind, and a few individuals wearing European clothes, and here is a primary or secondary school whose false advertisements tell you that the success rate is 95 percent. And here are its teachers as I have described them to you—they have been granted an evil power of seduction and attraction, for they enchant the minds of the simple with their sweet words. They open doors of hope as if before the poor parent, who thinks that these intrusive teachers are nothing but angels of mercy who will soon give his son the cup of science to the dregs. But it is not long before the reality confronts him: that these are nothing but lying fabricators. But after time has passed and the opportunity is lost, as his son has been hindered from education. Is not their crime severe against society?
I mean to say that there should not be any obstacle, even a moral one, in the faces of intruders practicing teaching as a profession. As long as the place is public, it is naturally expected to become a mixture of the good and the corrupt, and the corrupt are none other than these intruders. Thus, the teaching profession was destined to be of little value and its rights suppressed because of these evil intruders.
I have shown so far only one of the many harmful aspects that affect society in general, and especially our rising Egyptian society, from intrusive teachers. Now our experiences show us that the necessity has become extreme for our active government to propose special legislation to our respected Parliament at the earliest opportunity, prohibiting anyone who does not hold certificates from teachers' colleges from practicing this profession. Truly, if we want progress and advancement, it will only be through this. Al-Siyassa al-Usbu'iyya preceded me with a simple indication in one of its issues to the necessity of legislation, but since then I have seen and heard nothing except recently in Al-Kawkab newspaper, although the writer of the article in Al-Kawkab demands legislation but only defines the path of private schools because they are a business before anything else.
Finally, it is appropriate to make a simple observation regarding the reason that prevented the government from creating legislation in the past—has this reason disappeared or does it still remain? The reason, as they say, was the lack of graduates from teachers' colleges. If we know that in the past there was only the Higher Teachers' College and Dar al-Ulum, and the students in the former were counted on fingers, and the country's need for teachers and schools was great, we find that the Ministry is somewhat excused for this chaos. But now, from what I hear, the number of graduates of the Higher Teachers' College and its students has increased in a way that promises a good future. Therefore, if we assume that Egypt had only this school, regardless of Dar al-Ulum and the secondary schools, this high school would have the sufficiency and ability to meet the country's disciplinary and educational needs.
Therefore, the reason for which legislation was prevented has disappeared. Thus, the hope is firm for the benefit of Egypt and its sincere service that this legislation comes quickly. God willing, we will see the efforts of the men of the Ministry of Education and the sincerity of the respected members of Parliament as a complete project that prohibits non-graduates of teachers' colleges from practicing the teaching profession.
(...)
Page 608
2
The Story of
The Stock Market
Graphic
The Inspiration
When Madame Antoinette felt that her husband's heart
had turned elsewhere and began to lean away from
the path of her love and the fulfillment of her vow, she did not think for a single moment
of consulting her mother, Madame Fadiba, nor of seeking
the opinion of her two sisters, Pauline and Madeleine; rather, the first thing she thought of
was presenting her matter to Aunt Natalie.
For many years, Aunt Natalie had been the inspiration
that descended upon the family, overflowing its members with her opinion
and word. She had married while a young girl in the prime of her youth,
bringing her husband a fortune that made her independent in her life, and she gained
from this independence a family firmness and a desire to dictate
her will and desire to those around her. Her life spanned long
until she became today the subject of family consultation; her word
is not rejected, and her authority is not questioned.
Her opinion is taken in matters great and small; her gesture is a command
and her word is an inspiration with no follower and no rejecter.
Antoinette grew up as a child believing in God and
in the truth of the rosary of Aunt Natalie's prophecy, and that she does not speak
out of whim nor deviate from guidance.
For all that, Antoinette did not hesitate to disclose her secret
to Aunt Natalie, hoping she might find a return for her departing happiness
and for her husband's heart, which had turned away from her, or nearly so.
Aunt Natalie, with her wrinkled face and gray hair,
received her niece with a welcome, then said to her:
— How happy I am to see you, my daughter; I was not
expecting this visit of yours...
— Your pardon, my aunt, I just came suddenly like this.
Don't you know that you do not leave your house at such
an hour. And I am in need of you. For you alone
hold the reins of my affair. You have experience and trial,
and today I am very much in need... for I am tormented, my aunt, for my husband
... no longer loves me...
— He no longer loves me... what is this you are saying?
Calm your tears, my daughter. Sit on this
chair. And tell me your story, for I am listening to you.
Aunt Natalie sat down after seating Antoinette
on a chair in front of her, and Antoinette began to say:
— There is nothing in the matter that would surprise you, my aunt.
I feel that my husband has turned his face away from me and turned
his heart away from me. I denied that at first, but I
looked closely and well-surveyed the secrets of his soul,
and it was revealed to me that he is less affectionate and loving toward me than before.
And this love will not cease to decrease until it is erased from
his heart. Oh, my aunt, if only you saw his lack of care for my affairs.
When he looks at me, he looks askance. And when he speaks to me, his speech is
scant. And when he goes out, he goes out alone. And if he demands something of me,
his demand is harsh, as if I were a stranger to him and had never been
one day his faithful and honest wife.
And I feel, my aunt, that he wants to abandon me and desires
to cast me away, and that he has a relationship or relationships with other
women...
Aunt Natalie interrupted the conversation, saying:
— Let us look at the matter from its practical side. Are you sure
that he has a relationship with another woman? Do you have explicit
proof?
— No. I do not have definitive proof in my hand. But I
feel it from what I hear and see. For example, there is a
strange perfume scent in the house emanating from his clothes. And there are
his wandering, non-explicit looks. And there is what is countless
and limitless. But I do not say he is coarse in speech or insolent
of hand. No, he hides his boredom and distress behind a transparent
mask of affected politeness.
— Enough crying, my daughter. One who is in your youth
and beauty finds it easy to reclaim her husband's heart between morning
and evening.
— That is what I ask your advice on, my aunt. For I
love my husband and am sincere in my love for him.
— Yes. And he knows this love from you...
Your husband, my daughter, like all men who have been tested
and known, is not the dangerous man who rushes in his speech or
his work like your sister Pauline's husband, nor is he the man who
loves his wife with a worshipful love and is led by her through this
love like your sister Madeleine's husband. But he is a man deceived by his youth,
vain of his wealth, and confident of your love, so he slipped away and the
devil rode him. But note that I am fully confident
that he loves you and adores you, and he has nothing but vanity and pride.
— Then, my aunt, if I confronted him with my opinion and told him that I am
tormented by his turning away and avoidance, and asked him for some of
his attention and satisfaction that I had in the past...
— Beware of that, my daughter. For in coquetry there is struggle, and in
submission is sudden death. No, rather he must be taken
through jealousy, for it is a snake with deadly poison.
— Through jealousy?
— Yes. The method is old and tested. And a man
like your husband, if he sees that you are independent of him for your fun and amusement,
his jealousy will be stirred and his love will take flight. So follow my advice. And if
he goes out at night without you, do not lock your room door and shed
tears behind him. Rather, you go out too and go to your request.
— But my aunt, I do not want to betray...
— I am not saying that. But I am saying that there are young men,
all of them wealthier and more handsome of face than your husband, who wish
for a look from you or a turn. And do not go long after these
looks; rather, flirting, whispering, and playful banter are enough for you,
for in some of that is what stirs jealousy and inflames the heart.
— But I will not dare to do that...
— You will dare, and you will find in that amusement and fun.
And let your husband see until he becomes suspicious.
— But my husband, if anger overcomes him, he is seized by
a touch of madness. And I am afraid...
— Do not fear anything. For all you fear is a sharp
discussion between you and him, but he will calm down after it and return
to you with his heart and love. So do it, my daughter.
— I am obedient, my aunt, for your opinion is the final word.
Antoinette returned to her home, reviewing
in her memory the young men she knew to choose from among them
a subject for her flirting.
The next day, she was invited with her husband to a
soiree at one of their acquaintances' homes, and there Antoinette chose
a young man overflowing with the marks of youth and the clothes of grace.
She took him as a dance partner all night long, whispering to him,
stealing glances at him, and exchanging smiles. She saw in this
act, which she had thought difficult and rejected by her soul, ease
and pleasure; so she went deep into it without being bound by limits, waiting
for the result that Aunt Natalie had promised her. And her promise never fails.
A month passed in this manner, and one
day Aunt Natalie was having tea with a group of
her old female friends in the hall of her house: when suddenly the
outer door bell rang violently, and the hall door opened
suddenly, and Antoinette entered, dusty and dark,
disturbed in appearance, almost trembling with her panic as she advanced,
shaking a letter in her hand, then she said without realizing
who was in her aunt's presence:
— Read. Read. He has traveled with another.
And he says in his letter that he would not have done that
before because he believed that I loved him and that he did not want to
pain this love with an ungraceful abandonment, but now that
he has seen me turning away from him, trying for a while to attract the love of
one called Jean Lyonet.
— And he is the one I was flirting with to stir his jealousy.
He sees that he is free from that bond, and here he has
abandoned me, thanks to your advice which I followed with my eyes
closed.
Aunt Natalie said without losing her stillness
and dignity:
— Every rule has exceptions, my daughter. And the exception of
your husband from this rule does not diminish its validity nor contradict
the truth of my opinion and advice.
And Madame Antoinette overflowed with grief and regret.
From the French
Tawfiq
Bids are accepted at the office of the Financial Secretary of War
in Cairo until 11 AM on August 17,
1927, for the supply of jars, Qenawi jugs, Alexandrian
basins, and stone mills for the Ministry of War, and the conditions
are at the mentioned office.
⟦illegible⟧
the
the
m
from
and
the
the
before
from
and the
the
or
n
fulfillment
n
innocence
calculated
faithful
the honest
and what hands
the raised
on the apparent
⟦illegible⟧
and ham
Ahmed
the pilgrimage
number
Page 609
The Royal Administration in Iraq
⟦illegible⟧
Ministry of Education
Guide for Maintaining Order and Discipline
in Public Schools
Approved by
The Education Council
and
The Civil Commissioner
Page 610
Library
School of ⟦...⟧
Number ⟦...⟧
Introduction
The main purpose of organizing these instructions is to guide directors and their assistants in performing their duties. It is hoped that they will be
of assistance to political governors and others who have no direct connection with the Ministry of Education, helping them to conduct matters
pertaining to official schools.
A significant amount of care has been spent on their arrangement, and we have utilized the regulations of the Indian,
Egyptian, and Sudanese governments regarding this subject, and we have adapted from them whatever we wished with full freedom.
The Ministry has realized - while acknowledging this adaptation - that conditions in Iraq differ from conditions in other places;
however, the mechanical depiction of pages has been aided by experiments specific to this country.
Opinions were expressed that it was necessary to publish such instructions before this time, and it is thought at first glance that they are right
in that. In response to this criticism, we say, while knowing the urgent need for them for some time, we have seen it more prudent to postpone
their publication until a time when experiments have matured. Had we attempted to publish them a year ago when the Ministry of Education was in its
infancy, it would likely have been necessary to correct and reprint them within a few months.
Furthermore, we intended not to make these instructions overly difficult in their subjects. Because the desired goal is guidance
with simplicity rather than establishing eternal instructions that do not change over time. Many matters have been left to the responsibility of the director
himself, and even more to the opinion of the political governors.
Another publication must be issued in the future in a more complete manner. Suggestions made by those
concerned with the reform of these instructions are welcomed with gratitude.
We conclude our words by saying that the best school is the one that feels the benefit and importance of the system and the laws that dictate
its adherence on one hand, and aims on the other hand for something higher than the careful execution of its original duties. It is a
recognized matter that upbringing and education in many Eastern schools are like bones without life, and that which transforms these
bones into a living creature is continuous effort and the desire for science and knowledge, and nothing else, if accompanied by the knowledge
that science is an end in itself and not a means to reach other purposes: - and that education is life with breadth of thought, strength,
and activity.
Ministry of Education
Baghdad, August 1919
Page 611
Books and Supplies. 9 — The principal is responsible for the preservation and maintenance of books, supplies, and everything owned by the Ministry in the school.
Petty Cash Allocations. 10 — The principal is responsible for spending the petty cash allocations and must provide the Ministry with receipts
regarding how they were spent; he is not permitted to spend more than the allocation except with permission from the Ministry.
Correspondence via 11 — The principal must submit all his correspondence to the Ministry of Education via the Assistant Political Officer
the local Assistant Political Officer if the Ministry does not have a permanent employee in that location; otherwise, it is submitted
to that employee.
Method of Correspondence from 12 — All official letters issued by the school staff and students are submitted to the Ministry
the school staff and students. via the principal after he signs them.
Petitions and others 13 — The school teachers must submit their petitions to the Ministry via the principal, and they may
from the school staff. submit them directly if the principal refuses to do so. Personal complaints against the principal are submitted
directly to the Ministry and the exterior via the Assistant Political Officer, and then the Ministry shall inform
the principal of that before deciding anything.
Complaints of 14 — Guardians of students who wish to complain about the school may submit their complaints
student guardians. to the Assistant Political Officer directly or via the principal.
Preservation of Correspondence. 15 — The principal must keep all correspondence conducted with the Ministry and the Assistant Political
Officer in a special folder and also allocate another folder for reports given by
the inspectors.
Special Duties. 16 — The principal is tasked with organizing the timetable, distributing duties to teachers, and arranging
exams; teachers must assist him in performing these duties and fulfilling his
clerical duties related to the school.
Lesson 17 — A copy of the general lesson timetable must be hung in the office of the principal and his assistant,
Timetable. and in each class, its specific lesson schedule shall be hung. The principal must send to the Ministry
during the first week of the school opening a copy of the timetable for each class
and for each teacher. The Ministry must be informed of every change that occurs in the mentioned schedule after its notification.
Order and Discipline. 18 — The principal is responsible for observing complete order and discipline among the school teachers and students,
and he must take the necessary measures to maintain the success and progress of the school and supervise the teachers
and students personally, and frequently inspect the teachers' records and students' notebooks.
Service Staff. 19 — The principal supervises the work of the school service staff, and he is the one who appoints and dismisses them with the approval of the Ministry
of Education or the Assistant Political Officer.
Attendance at School. 20 — The principal must be present at the school fifteen minutes before the lesson begins or in the morning, as well as
in the afternoon, and he must be present at the school during all teaching hours.
Absence from School. 21 — If the principal's absence from school is required for unavoidable business, he must appoint a deputy for himself;
if the duration of his absence exceeds three hours, he must inform the Assistant Political Officer or
the Ministry of Education and state the reason for his absence.
Conduct toward School Staff 22 — It is not permissible to give advice or reprimand a teacher in the presence of students.
Principal's Lessons. 23 — The principal must take upon himself a portion of the lessons and teach twelve lessons
per week at minimum.
Annual Report. 24 — The principal must submit an annual report after the end of the school year regarding the following items: ⟦line⟧
1 — The building.
2 — Furniture.
3 — Supplies.
4 — School staff.
5 — School progress.
6 — The annual exam. He must attach to it the results and exam papers and a copy of the questions
that were given in the exam to the students; there is no need to send the students' written answers,
rather they are kept in the school.
Handover of School Supplies 25 — The principal must hand over to his successor all furniture, supplies, books, records, and everything belonging
and their delivery upon transfer of to the Ministry of Education, and organize three copies signed by both parties, the successor and the predecessor.
the Principal. Reference must be made therein to missing items, then one copy is sent to the Ministry, the second
is kept in the school, and the third is given to the former principal.
— 2 —
The Royal Administration in Iraq
Ministry of Education
Guide for Maintaining Order and Discipline in Public Schools
1 — General Instructions
Public schools are open | 1 — Public schools open their doors to all students without distinction between ethnicities and religions.
to the public.
Exemption from religious | 2 — Students are exempted from religious education at the request of their father or guardian if the student
education. | belongs to a religion other than the religion whose teachings are taught at the school.
Students under | 3 — Parents and guardians of students must place their children unconditionally under the care of the principal, and this
the principal's authority. | care is not limited to inside the school only, but includes them when they walk in organized groups
as required by school bodies, such as games, excursions, and the like.
The principal has the right to look into any student's action that degrades the school's honor and dignity
at all times.
Engagement in political | 4 — It is prohibited to introduce political matters inside public schools, and the school community
matters is forbidden. | and pupils are not allowed to interfere in political affairs at all, whether inside the school or
outside it. They are also not allowed to use signs or colors inside or outside the school,
except for the signs and colors that the Ministry has permitted to be used.
Government employees | 5 — No government servant is allowed to engage in trade before obtaining permission from the local government,
are forbidden from | nor to take upon themselves the performance of any service or job outside the scope of their position
practicing trade. | for which they are employed.
Private tutoring. | 6 — Members of the school community are not allowed to give private lessons except with the approval of the Ministry of
Education, provided that this does not interfere with their school duties in any way.
2. — Holidays
School holidays. | 7 — All schools shall close for one full day and a half day every week, and shall also close on
the main religious holidays and non-religious holidays on which closures occur throughout the
entire year. The public holidays will be as follows:—
One week in winter
One week in spring
Two months in summer
The religious holidays on which the school closes are those belonging to the community to which the majority
of the school's students belong, and the rest of the students are exempted from attending school upon the arrival
of their religious holidays.
3. — Principal and Schools
Instructions etc.... | 8 — The principal is responsible for implementing all orders and instructions issued to him by the Ministry,
and for submitting reports to it and maintaining records and ledgers as ordered by the Ministry.
Page 612
— 5 —
43 — It is preferable for every student to attend the school closest to his home.
44 — The principal shall examine the student before admitting him to the school and enroll him in the grade he deserves.
45 — When a student transfers from one primary or elementary school to another, he must join the same grade he was in at the previous school, and there is no need for an examination. However, he must obtain a certificate from the principal of the previous school indicating his conduct, and another paper containing everything worth mentioning regarding the student in the previous school. Without this, the student wishing to transfer will not be accepted.
46 — If the student is absent from school or arrives late, his guardian or trustee must inform the principal in writing of the reason for his absence on the morning of that day. If the principal is not informed, the principal must inform the guardian or trustee on the morning of the second day.
47 — If the student is absent for fifteen consecutive days without an acceptable reason, the principal must write a warning to his guardian or trustee stating that if the student does not return to school within one week, he will be expelled and will not be accepted thereafter in any official school except with a special permit from the Ministry of Education. The Ministry must be informed about him at the same time, and it shall decide what action is necessary then.
48 — If the student is absent during the school year for thirty non-consecutive days and does not have an acceptable excuse each time, he shall be deprived of promotion at the end of the school cycle except with the approval of the Ministry of Education.
49 — When a student commits a major offense, the principal may inform his guardian or trustee of the corporal punishment he will be punished with, and they have the choice to attend or not. The principal must then carry out the punishment in the presence of an official from the Ministry of Education or the assistant to the political governor.
The punishments are limited to six strikes on the palm, and the punishment must be effective but not harsh, causing permanent pain. Before implementing these punishments, the Ministry must be informed immediately with a detailed statement of the reasons.
50 — The principal has the choice to use what he deems appropriate for punishments for minor offenses committed by the student. The best method of punishing the offender is to occupy him with a small amount of useful work in addition to his duties, and this shall be after school hours, requiring him to perform it with care. It is also permissible to arrange special physical exercises for the punishment of the offender two or three times a week.
51 — The principal has no right to expel a student on his own; rather, he must inform the Ministry if a student commits an offense that warrants expulsion from school. He shall not be accepted during the investigation of that crime. Whoever is expelled from school shall not be accepted a second time in any official school unless he obtains a special permit from the Ministry.
6 — Clothing
52 — Principals and students are free to wear national or European clothing. In both cases, these clothes should be clean on pure bodies. Teachers must either shave their beards daily or grow them according to their custom.
7 — Records and Registers
53 — The principal must maintain the following records and registers:
A — Registration book for all students. It mentions the details required by the Ministry.
B — School staff book. It mentions their names and addresses.
C — School staff attendance book.
⟦illegible⟧
School
⟦illegible⟧
- 2 - Teachers
Observing attendance times 26 - Teachers must observe attendance times with the utmost care and be diligent in performing their duties
and maintaining order therein. With complete regularity, and they must arrive at the school fifteen minutes before the start of their teaching times
at least.
Absence. 27 - If a teacher's absence is necessary, he must inform the school principal at least one hour before the start of his first lesson
at least, provided that his absence is for an important and necessary matter, and he must state the reason for his absence, and in case of
illness, he must submit a certificate from a doctor.
Distribution of duties 28 - If a teacher is absent from school, the principal distributes his duties among the rest of the teachers.
Responsibility for order 29 - The teacher is responsible for the matter of order, discipline, and the cleanliness of students inside the classroom.
and others inside the classroom
Teaching. 30 - Teaching should be conducted according to the rules and principles set forth in the curriculum and instructions
issued by the Ministry of Education.
Preparation of lessons. 31 - The teacher must prepare the lesson before delivering it and record in a register the date of delivery and the main
topics of the lesson, and maintain a special register for each lesson and each class, and present this
register upon the request of the principal or one of the representatives of the Ministry of Education. If a teacher's absence is required,
he must submit that register to the principal so that it can be used by the teacher who substitutes for him.
Grade book. 32 - The teacher must keep a book in which he records the progress and efforts of the students.
Knowledge of subjects and lessons 33 - Teachers are expected to be fully proficient in the sciences they are assigned to teach, as
to be delivered they should excel in modern teaching methods for the subjects they teach
Smoking and drinking coffee 34 - Teachers are not permitted to smoke or drink coffee in front of the students.
prohibited in the presence of students.
Teachers are subject 35 - Teachers are obliged to assist the principal in maintaining order and discipline within the school, and they must
to the principal's orders when respond to his call if the need arises to perform duties outside of regular teaching
he calls them. hours.
Punishment of students by 36 - The teacher is permitted to punish the student when they commit a minor offense or a slip, and it is forbidden to strike
teachers. the student or cause him pain with physical punishment, and the principal must be consulted regarding major offenses.
- 5 - Students
Admission of paying 37 - The principal has the right to admit to the school students who pay fees, and he shall not admit any of
and exempted students. those who do not pay fees except with approval from the Ministry or from the Assistant Political Governor.
And when sending the schedule of petitions requesting their admission to the school for free, he must
state his observations in detail as to whether he is in favor of promoting the petition or not.
And he must conduct investigations with all precision before making observations.
Admission of sons of principals 38 - The sons of principals of public schools and their teachers are admitted for free.
and teachers for free.
Admission certificate. 39 - The student must present a certificate signed by his father or guardian when requesting entry into
the school, and this certificate must contain the following information: -
1 The student's name
2 His age
3 His father's name
His guardian's name
4 His address
5 The name of the school the student wishes to be admitted to
6 The name of the school and the class he was previously attending, if applicable.
Time for submitting the 40 - Petitions regarding the admission of students to the school are submitted to the principal at least one week
admission request before the school opens.
The student is not admitted after 41 - A student is not admitted to a public school after two months have passed since the opening of the academic session except
two months from the opening with permission from the Ministry of Education or from the Assistant Political Governor. The school principal
of the school except with permission must state the reasons for requesting the permission.
Limited age for 42 - A student whose age is less than six years is not admitted to public schools, and children
admission whose age is more than fourteen years are not admitted to a primary or elementary school except
with written permission from the Ministry of Education or from the Assistant Political Governor.
Page 613
2
d — Student attendance register.
e — Furniture register. It records what was received by the school and what was issued from it in terms of supplies
with a statement of their details.
f — Book register. It mentions the details about incoming and outgoing books.
g — Index of books available in the school library.
h — Fee register. It contains the names of students who pay fees and those exempted from them.
i — Expense register. It includes a copy of the expenditure of the approved petty cash
allocations.
80 — Tables
53 — The tables that must be organized in the school are as follows:
a — A table containing the school's furniture and equipment is posted in the school principal's office, and a
copy of it is sent to the Inspectorate.
b — In every room of the school, a table is hung that includes the items and equipment
contained in the room.
c — In the library room, a table of the books available in it is hung, and a copy of it is sent
to the Inspectorate.
d — In each class, a table of the names of the students who are in it is hung.
CPSI...256...450...1,000...11-7-22.
Page 614
Jewish Schools Committee
Baghdad
JEWISH SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
BAGHDAD
Number:
No.:
Baghdad on: October 1, 1929
Baghdad,: 19
Urgent
To the Honorable Vice President of the Lay Council
After greetings, we have received a letter from the Director of Education for the Baghdad Region, No. 2547/221/2 dated October 1, 1929,
notifying us that he has approved the use of the second house located in the Ras al-Qarya neighborhood as a site for the Jewish school intended to be opened
recently. We therefore request that the lease agreement be concluded with the owner of the house, provided that he completes the agreed-upon repairs and renovations
as soon as possible, while notifying us immediately ⟦upon completion⟧ of the contract and sending a copy of it to us so that we may inform the Department of Education
accordingly so they may take the necessary actions. With highest respect,
The President
⟦Ezra Hakim⟧
1-10
Administration:
Number: 254 / 5 / 1929
Date: 2 Oct 1929
File Number:
To the Council
29/10/2
⟦Kahbi⟧
Page 615
✓
<del>Serial Number</del>
274 / JS / 929
2 October 929
Regarding the opening of a new school
To the Honorable Chairman of the Schools Committee
Reference to your letter dated 1 October 929 requesting the conclusion of a lease contract for
a house for the new school that the Directorate of Education has approved to open
I hope you will be so kind as to provide us with information about this school in terms of its founding conditions
and everything related to it so that our council may be informed of that;
⟦Cohen⟧
Vice President of the Lay Council
N. M.
To the file of the Israeli State School
Page 616
JEWISH SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
BAGHDAD
Jewish Schools Committee
Baghdad
⟦line⟧
No.: 127
Baghdad,: 2 - 10 - 1929
Subject: Regarding the new school
To the Honorable Vice President of the Lay Council
Greetings and respect
With reference to your letter No. 274/S/929 dated October 2,
1929
Based on our application to the Ministry of Education to open an official school in one of the
Jewish quarters, the Education Directorate has decided to appoint four teachers for the mentioned school at its own expense,
however, the appointment of the teacher for religion and Hebrew language shall be by us, and his salary along with the rent for the house
agreed upon for lease, located in the Ras al-Qarya quarter, shall be paid by the community.
We enclose herewith a copy of the letters from the Baghdad Region Education Directorate numbered
2/221 and 2527 and 2/221 / 2556 dated 1-10-29 and 2-10-29
And the Education Directorate has given the necessary instructions to close the school on
our official holidays and on Saturdays instead of Fridays.
Administration of the Lay Council -- Baghdad
Number 929/S/261
Date 8 / 10 / 929
⟦...⟧
Ezra Menashi
Daoud ⟦...⟧
President
Enclosures
To the Council
8/10/29
Page 617
4
Copy of the letter from the Baghdad District Education Directorate No. 221 / 2556 dated 2 / 10 / 49
Addressed to the honorable Ezra Effendi Menachem Daniel, with a copy to the General Directorate of Education
It has been decided to appoint four teachers to the Fattouh Jewish Secondary School, and therefore
please arrange for the appointment of a teacher for religion and the Hebrew language on your part, provided that you
pay his salary.
Signature (Director of Education for the Baghdad District)
True copy
⟦illegible⟧
Page 618
A copy of the letter from the Baghdad District Education Directorate No. 10/ 221 / 2547 dated 1/10/1947
addressed to the honorable Izzat Effendi Shahim Daniel, and a copy of it to the Directorate
of General Education.
After greetings,
We have approved the acquisition of the second house located in the Ras al-Qarya neighborhood as a site
for the Jewish school intended to be opened recently. Please take the necessary measures to rent it
and carry out the required repairs therein and inform us of that so we may do what is necessary.
Signature (Director of Education for the Baghdad District)
True copy
⟦The Lay Council⟧
⟦illegible⟧
Page 619
707 / J / 929
11 October 929
Regarding the opening of a government school for Israelis
Honorable Chairman of the Schools Committee
Reference to your letter No. 137 dated 3 / 10 / 929
Our council, in its session held on 10 / 10 / 929 ⟦has⟧ approved the opening of
an official Israeli school at the government's expense, which closes its doors on Israeli holidays
An amount of two thousand one hundred and fifty rupees (2150) has been allocated as annual rent for the mentioned house
As well as another amount to be estimated by your respected committee as a salary for the teacher of religion and Hebrew in this school
⟦illegible⟧
Vice President of the Lay Council
N. M.
To the file of the Israeli Government School
Page 620
JEWISH SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
BAGHDAD
Jewish Schools Committee
Baghdad
No. 177
Baghdad, 1 November 1929
Subject: Request for approval of a teacher's appointment
To the Honorable Vice President of the Lay Council
Greetings and respect,
With reference to your letter No. 277/S/1929 dated 11 October
1929 -
The committee has decided to appoint Mr. Daoud Effendi Abboudi as a teacher
of the Hebrew language and religion at the Amiriya Jewish School with a salary of 80 Rupees
per month. Please kindly approve this (Signature) ..
President
⟦illegible⟧
Administration of the Lay Council - Baghdad:
Number: 281/1/929
Date: 1929/11/2
File Number:
To be filed
11/2
⟦illegible⟧
7
362 / Monitoring / 5 / 77
362 / P / 12 April / 77
Recommendation of the Schools Committee regarding the Rima building
Pursuant to Administrative Order No. ⟦B⟧ / ⟦362⟧
362 / 1 / 701 in 761, our choice fell on Rima in Al-Sa'dun
Rima building in Al-Sa'dun 362 / 1 / 701 in the Ministry of Education and Higher Education represented by the Directorate of Secondary Education
Department of Studies, Examinations and Private Schools, and according to the lease contract concluded between us and the owner of the building, Mr. Anis Rima
The Schools Committee decided in its session No. (516) to appoint the wife of the Rima building guard, Mrs. Faliha Hinta, for an amount
of seven dinars per month in exchange for her cleaning the building and its sanitary and service facilities in the Alliance Mixed School
Please kindly approve and order what is necessary
⟦Schools Committee⟧
W. N
Page 621
504 / JS / 29
24 November 1929
Approval of the appointment of the Hebrew teacher in the Amiriya School
Honorable Chairman of the Schools Committee
Reference to your letter No. 177 dated 1 November 1929
Our council approved in its session held on 10 November the appointment of
Daoud Effendi Abboudi as a teacher of religion and the Hebrew language in the Amiriya School with a salary
monthly amount of eighty rupees per month
⟦Lahi⟧
Vice President of the Lay Council
M M
Page 622
9
⟦414 / S / 929⟧
⟦27⟧ November 1929
Regarding the expenses of the Amiri School
To the Honorable Chairman of the Community Schools Committee
The Council requests to be informed whether it is likely that other expenses will occur in
the new Amiri School that would be borne by the budget of the
Community Administration, and what these expenses are.
We also request that you notify us of everything we should know regarding the affairs
of the aforementioned school.
⟦illegible⟧
Vice President of the Lay Council
M M
Page 623
JEWISH SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
BAGHDAD
⟦line⟧
Jewish Schools Committee
Baghdad
⟦line⟧
Number 245
Baghdad, November 24, 1929
No. ⟦line⟧
Baghdad, ⟦line⟧ 19 .
Subject: Regarding the expenses of the Israelite Amiri School
To the Honorable Vice President of the Lay Council
With reference to your letter No. 414 / S / 929 dated November 16,
1929.
We send you herewith a copy of a list sent by Munshi Effendi Zelouf, Director
of the Karrada School, detailing the expenses paid by him for the Israelite Amiri School
amounting to / 240 Rupees, for the committee's information and under the supervision of Khedhouri Effendi Shaker
as required by the Directorate of Education when reductions were set against it.
Please, after kindly approving it, issue your order to pay the amount to the Director of the
Karrada School because those expenses were paid from his school's fund, and we
would like to clarify to your esteemed council that no other expenses are expected
for the Amiri School to be paid from the community fund.
On behalf of the Committee
Sincerely,
The President
⟦signature⟧
Administration of the Lay Council - Baghdad:
Number: 224 / S / 1929
Date: 1 / 12 / 929
File Number:
Enclosures
List
To the Accountant for coordination ⟦illegible⟧
⟦signature⟧
/
Page 624
JEWISH SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
JEWISH SCHOOLS COMMITTEE
BAGHDAD
BAGHDAD
⟦line⟧
No. / Number: ⟦268⟧
Baghdad, / Baghdad on: ⟦22 January⟧ 19⟦49⟧
Subject: Regarding the expenses of the Jewish Amiri School
Honorable Vice President of the Lay Council
We request a prompt reply to our letter numbered 268 and dated
November 21, 1948, regarding the expenses of the
Jewish Amiri School.
Ezra Levy
⟦illegible signature⟧
22/1/1949
Administration of the Lay Council -- Baghdad:
Number: 946 / 1 / 949
Date: 27 / 1 / 949
File Number:
President
The Amiri School
Page 625
⟦...⟧
458 / C / 929
29 December 929
Expenses of the Israeli Amiriyah School
Directorate of Al-Karam School
Our council, in its session held on 23 / 12 / 929, approved the
disbursement of two hundred and twelve rupees (212), the total expenses submitted
through you and under the supervision of Khedouri Effendi Shaker for the Israeli Amiriyah School
and presented via the School Committee letter No. 245 dated 29 November 29
Enclosed is a check No. / for the mentioned amount; please notify us of its receipt.
⟦signature⟧
Vice President of the Lay Council
A copy to the School Committee,
Reference to its letter No. 245 dated 29 / 12 / 929
N. M.
The Amiriyah School