Voices from the Archive

IJA 1449

Insurance Policies, Jewish Lay Council, President of the Jewish Community

View interactive document page

Description

These are insurance and assurance documents from the Baghdadi Jewish community. Included are policies for the Jewish Lay Council and the President of the Jewish Community from Guardian Assurance and South British Insurance. Buildings, including schools and offices, supplies, furniture, and cars are among the items insured.

Metadata

Archive Reference
IJA 1449
Item Number
12602
Date
Approx. January 1, 1931 to December 31, 1940
Languages
Arabic, English
Keywords
Jewish Lay Council, India, Baghdadi Jewish Community, President of the Jewish Community, Annotation, Revenue Stamp, Handwritten, Filed Folder, Ink Stamp, Insurance, Hakham Sassoon Khedouri, Typed, Letterhead

AI English Translation, Pages 26-50

Archival unit 26

1615
TELEPHONE Nos.
OFFICE 946.
RESIDENCE 1457.
EXPIRY NOTICE.
THE LIABILITY OF MEMBERS OF THE COMPANY IS LIMITED
INCORPORATED IN NEW ZEALAND
THE
SOUTH BRITISH
INSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED.
H. D. SHOHET—Chief Agent.
BAGHDAD,: Septr 194 2
To: The President of the Jewish Community, Baghdad.
Sir,
For your security I beg to remind you of the expiry of your policy
as described below.
I am, Sir,
Yours faithfully,
⟦illegible signature⟧
Agent.
Policy No.: 42/12030
Expiry Date at 4 p.m. (s.t.): 14th Sept, 194 2
Sum Insured I. D.: 300/---
Premium I. D.: 6/750
Office furniture in Building No. 16/110 at
Towrat Quarter, Baghdad.
N. B. 1. If any alteration has been made by which the risk has been increased or otherwise changed the circumstances should be made known to the Company's Agent.
N. B. 2. The rates in respect of this policy are subject to alteration in the event of the Tariff ratings being revised at the time of the renewal.
W.—10-41.

Archival unit 27

FOREIGN FIRE.
No. 61424 Iraq Agency.
Guardian Assurance Company Limited.
(INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND.)
Head Office:—68, King William Street, London, E.C. 4.
Received the Tenth day of March 1942
of M The Jewish Lay Council.
the sum of ID.18/750. being for Twelve Months' Premium on Building of khanNo.
158/158 & 4 sshops Shorja
insured in this Company by Policy No. 7676189 which is hereby renewed from
Fifth March 1942 to Fifth March 19 43
Sum Insured: ID. 1500/Ps.
IRAQ 20 FILS 20 Fils
10 MAR 1942
THE IRAQ INSURANCE OFFICE LTD.
⟦illegible Arabic⟧
THE IRAQ INSURANCE OFFICE LTD.
⟦signature⟧
Managing Director Agent.
F. 21—3/31.
Caslon P.

Archival unit 28

⟦illegible⟧ Sason ⟦illegible⟧
on Alliance Policy ⟦illegible⟧ D. 12/875
⟦illegible⟧ on Policy 10963 ⟦illegible⟧ D. 11/428
Balance due to us ⟦illegible⟧ D. 1/447
Alliance Assurance Company Limited
(Incorporated in England)
Assets exceed thirty-five million pounds
Head Office - Bartholomew Lane, London E.C. 2
Private Motor Cars
Whereas the Insured described in the Schedule attached to this instrument has applied to the Alliance Assurance Company Limited (hereinafter called the Company)
by means of a proposal which the Insured has agreed shall be considered as having the nature and effect of a warranty and shall be the basis of this contract and considered as part of its terms and has
paid or agreed to pay the premium stated in the Schedule attached hereto in consideration of the proposed indemnities below.
Now this instrument witnesseth that subject to the terms, provisions, and conditions contained in this instrument or endorsed on the back hereof, the Company shall indemnify
the Insured against the loss, damage, and liability mentioned below which actually occurs during the period stated in the Schedule attached hereto or
during any period for which the Company accepts payment for the renewal of this instrument, namely:—
1 - Loss of or damage to any motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto and the lamps, fittings, and necessary tools of the car when
they are on it, resulting from any accidental collision or overturning or collision occurring as a result of mechanical breakdown or
as a result of wear and tear, but excluding accidental damage to tires unless the car itself is damaged
at the same time.
2 - Loss of or damage to any motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto and the lamps, fittings, and necessary tools of the car when
they are on it:—
(a) - By external fire explosion, self-ignition, lightning, thunderbolt, theft, or burglary - or
(b) - By malicious act - or
(c) - During transit by road, rail, inland waterway, crane, or elevator.
But excluding damage to tires unless the car itself is damaged at the same time.
3 - The cost of protection and removal of any motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto to the nearest repairer following an accident causing damage
covered by this instrument, provided that the amount does not exceed twenty percent of the agreed cost of repair.
4 - Legal liability for compensation (including legal costs of any claimant) for the death of any person or bodily injury
caused to him by the use of any motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto, except if such death or injury arises
out of or in the course of the employment of the said person by the Insured and in the case of liability towards any person who is a member of the
Insured's household. Provided that the liability of the Company in respect of any one claim or series of claims arising out of one accident shall be limited
within the amount stated in the Schedule attached hereto, including the said legal costs.
5 - Legal liability for compensation (including legal costs of any claimant) for damage caused by the use of any
motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto to any property except property belonging to the Insured or to a member of his household or held
by them or placed with them in trust or under their control, provided that the liability of the Company in respect of any one claim or series of
claims arising out of one accident shall be limited within the amount stated in the Schedule attached hereto, including the said legal costs.
6 - The legal liability defined in clauses four and five above arising when the Insured is personally driving a private motor car
not belonging to him and not hired to him under a hire-purchase agreement, provided:—
(a) - That one of the motor cars described in the Schedule attached hereto is still at that time - and
(b) - That the liability of the Company under this clause shall not exceed the limits of the respective indemnities according to clauses four and five mentioned above.
7 - All costs and expenses incurred with the written consent of the Company.
It has also been agreed as follows:—
8 - Subject to the conditions and according to the limitations and purposes mentioned in clauses four, five, and seven of this instrument, the Company shall consider - at the request of
the Insured - any relative or friend of the Insured as if he were the Insured himself when he is driving any motor car described in the Schedule
attached hereto for social, domestic, or pleasure purposes instead of the Insured and with his general consent, provided:—
(1) - That such relative or friend is not entitled to indemnity under any other insurance policy.
(2) - That such relative or friend shall, as if he were the Insured himself, observe, fulfill, and follow the terms, provisions, and endorsements
written in this instrument as far as they can apply.
(3) - That such relative or friend has not been refused motor insurance or the extension of such a contract by any
insurance company or underwriters.
(4) - That such relative or friend is at that time a duly licensed driver.
9 - The Insured may authorize the repair of any motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto, and it must be repaired because of damage for which
the Company may be liable under this instrument, provided:—
(a) - That the estimated cost of such repair does not exceed the amount declared in the attached Schedule.
(b) - The Company is provided (including standard scales) with a detailed estimate of the cost - or
(c) - That the Insured allows the Company's representative to inspect the necessity of the repair and the reasonableness of its cost.
10 - The Company shall have full discretion in representing itself at any inquest or inquiry into a fatal accident regarding any death that may be subject
to indemnity under this instrument and to undertake the defense in proceedings before any criminal court or court of first instance regarding
any act or alleged offense caused by or related to any accident that may be subject to indemnity under this instrument.
11 - The Company shall pay to the Insured the reasonable medical expenses incurred as a result of any bodily injury sustained by the Insured or his driver
or any occupant of the motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto by violent, accidental, external, and visible means as a
direct and immediate result of any accident involving the said car, provided that the Company's liability for any one accident does not exceed the amount
declared in the Schedule attached hereto.
Provided always that the Company shall not be liable to pay for any of the following:—
(a) - Any accident, loss, damage, or liability caused or arising outside the geographical area described in the Schedule attached hereto.
(b) - Consequential loss sustained by the Insured or his loss of use of any motor car described in the Schedule attached
hereto as a result of any accident.
(c) - Wear and tear and depreciation of any motor car described in the attached Schedule or any part of such car.
(d) - Mechanical breakdown or mechanical or electrical failure or breakage of any part of any motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto.
(e) - Damage caused to any motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto arising from overloading or strain.
(f) - Any accident, loss, damage, or liability caused or arising when any motor car for which insurance or indemnity is granted
under this instrument is being driven or used for racing, pace-making, or
reliability trials or speed testing, or any purposes related to the motor trade, or for carrying goods, or for carrying passengers for
hire or reward, or was being driven by the Insured (or any other person with the Insured's general knowledge and consent)
without being at that time licensed to drive motor cars or qualified to hold a driving license, or was under the influence of intoxicants
or narcotics.
(g) - Any accident, loss, damage, or liability caused by, attributable to, arising from, or occurring directly or indirectly,
proximately or remotely, or in connection with flood, typhoon, hurricane, storm, volcanic eruption, earthquake, or
any other convulsion of nature, invasion, act of foreign enemy, hostilities, or warlike operations (whether war be declared
or not), riot, mutiny, civil commotion, revolution, military or usurped power, or
by any direct or indirect consequences of any of the said contingencies. In the event of any claim hereunder,
the Insured shall prove that the accident, loss, damage, or liability arose independently and has no connection
in any way or is not caused by or attributable to any of the aforementioned contingencies or their consequences, and if he fails to prove
this, the Company shall not be liable to pay anything for such a claim.
It is also provided that the due observation and fulfillment by the Insured of the terms, provisions, conditions, and endorsements contained
in this instrument, insofar as they relate to anything to be done or complied with by the Insured, and the truth of the statements
and answers in the said proposal shall be conditions precedent to any liability of the Company to make any
payment under this instrument. Any waiver of any of the terms, provisions, conditions, and endorsements contained in this instrument
shall not be valid unless it is in writing and signed by a duly appointed agent or agents of the Company.
The conditions mentioned above are:—
1 - Written notice must be given to the Company immediately upon the occurrence of any accident, loss, or damage, or in the case of any claim. Every letter,
claim, summons, or notice of requirement to appear or service of process must be delivered to the Company immediately upon receipt by the Insured. Also,
written notice must be given to the Company immediately upon the Insured's knowledge of the probability of a lawsuit regarding any accident that may lead to a
claim under this instrument. In the case of theft or any other criminal act that may be the subject of a claim under this instrument, the Insured
must report the matter to the police immediately and cooperate with the Company to secure evidence against the offender.
2 - The Insured may not admit, offer, promise, or pay anything without the written consent of the Company, which shall be entitled
- if it so desires - to take over and conduct in the name of the Insured the defense or settlement of any claim or to prosecute in his name
and for its own benefit any claim for indemnity or damages or otherwise against any third party and shall have full discretion in the conduct of any
proceedings or in the settlement of any claim, and the Insured shall provide all information and render all assistance as the Company may require.
3 - If loss or damage occurs to any motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto, the Company may at its option either repair such car or any
part thereof with its fittings and tools, or replace it to its original state, or replace it, or pay in cash the amount of the loss or damage. The
Company's liability shall not exceed the actual value of the damaged and lost parts plus the reasonable cost of fitting, provided it does not exceed in any
case the Insured's estimate of the value of that car (including the scales on it) as stated in the Schedule attached to this instrument
or the value of that car (including the said standard scales) at the time of the occurrence of the loss or damage, whichever is less.
4 - The Insured shall take all reasonable steps to safeguard any motor car described in the Schedule attached hereto from loss and damage and to maintain it in
efficient condition, and the Company shall at all times have free and full access to examine such car or any part thereof or any driver or employee
of the Insured. In the event of any accident or breakdown of the said car, it must not be left unattended, but precautions must be taken

Archival unit 29

Alliance Assurance Company Limited
1824
MULTI SOCIETATE TUTIORES
(Established in England)
Assets exceed thirty-five million pounds
Head Office - Bartholomew Lane, London E.C. 2
Private Motor Cars
Whereas the Insured described in the Schedule attached to this Policy has applied to the Alliance Assurance Company Limited (hereinafter called the Company) for any act or alleged offense caused by or related to any accident that may be subject to indemnities under this Policy.
By presenting the Insured's agreement to be considered as having the nature and effect of a pledge and to be the basis of this contract and considered within its provisions, and 11 - the Company shall pay to the Insured the reasonable medical expenses incurred as a result of any bodily injury sustained by the Insured or his driver
paid or agreed to pay the premium shown in the Schedule attached hereto in consideration of the indemnities set forth below. Or any occupant of the car specified in the Schedule attached hereto for physical, accidental, external, and visible causes as being the direct and immediate result
Now this Policy witnesseth that, subject to the terms, provisions, and conditions contained in this Policy or endorsed thereon, the Company shall indemnify of any accident to the said car, provided that the Company's liability in respect of any one accident shall not exceed the amount
the Insured against the loss, damage, and liability mentioned below which may occur or actually arise during the period specified in the Schedule attached hereto or declared in the Schedule attached hereto.
During any period for which the Company accepts payment for the renewal of this Policy, namely: - It is always stipulated that the Company shall not be liable for payment of any of the following: -
1 - Loss or damage occurring to any car specified in the Schedule attached hereto and the lamps, tires, and necessary car tools when (a) - Any accident, loss, damage, or liability caused or arising outside the geographical area specified in the Schedule attached hereto.
they are on it, resulting from any accidental collision, overturning, or collision or overturning occurring as a result of mechanical failure or (b) - Damage sustained by the Insured by way of consequence or loss of use of any car specified in the Schedule attached
as a result of wear and tear, but excluding accidental damage to tires unless the car itself has sustained hereto as a result of any accident.
damage at the same time. (c) - Wear and tear and depreciation of any car specified in the attached Schedule or any part of that car.
2 - Loss or damage occurring to any car specified in the Schedule attached hereto and the lamps, tires, and necessary car tools when (d) - Engine breakage or mechanical or electrical failure or breakdown of any part of any car specified in the Schedule attached hereto.
they are on it: - (e) - Damage caused to any car specified in the Schedule attached hereto arising from overloading or strain.
(a) - By external fire explosion, self-ignition, lightning, thunderbolt, theft, or burglary - or (f) - Any accident, loss, damage, or liability caused or arising when any car for which insurance or indemnities are granted
(b) - By a malicious act - or under this Policy has been hired or let on hire or was being used for racing purposes, pace-making, or
(c) - During transit by road, rail, inland waterway, crane, or lift. for reliability trials or speed testing or any purposes related to the motor trade or for shipping goods or carrying passengers for
But excluding damage to tires unless the car itself has sustained damage at the same time. a cash fare or equivalent consideration, or was being driven by the Insured (or any other person with the general knowledge and consent of the Insured)
3 - All protection and transport of any car specified in the Schedule attached hereto to the nearest repairer following an accident causing damage covered without being at that time licensed to drive motor cars or qualified to hold a driving license or was under the influence of intoxicants
by this Policy, provided that the amount does not exceed twenty percent of the agreed cost for the repair. or narcotics.
4 - Legal liability for compensation (including legal expenses of any claimant) for the death of any person or bodily injury (g) - Any accident, loss, damage, or liability caused by, attributable to, arising from, or occurring directly or indirectly,
caused to him by the use of any car specified in the Schedule attached hereto, except if such death or injury arises proximately or remotely, or on the occasion of flood, typhoon, hurricane, storm, volcanic eruption, earthquake, or
from or occurs during the employment of the said person by the Insured, and except for property belonging to the Insured or a member of his household or held in trust by other natural convulsion, invasion, act of foreign enemies, hostilities, or warlike operations (whether before the declaration of
the Insured. Provided that the Company's liability in respect of any one claim or series of claims arising out of one accident shall be limited war or after), strike, riot, civil commotion, revolution, military or usurped power, or
within the amount specified in the Schedule attached hereto, including the said legal expenses. by any direct or indirect consequences of any of the said contingencies. In the event of any claim under this,
5 - Legal liability for compensation (including legal expenses of any claimant) for damage caused by the use of any the Insured shall prove that the accident, loss, damage, or liability arose independently and has no connection
car specified in the Schedule attached hereto to any property except property belonging to the Insured or a member of his household or held in trust in any way or is caused by or attributable to any of the aforementioned contingencies or their consequences, and if he fails to prove
by them or placed with them in trust or under their control, provided that the Company's liability in respect of any one claim or series of that, the Company shall not be liable for payment of anything from such a claim.
claims arising out of one accident shall be limited within the amount specified in the Schedule attached hereto, including the said legal expenses. It is also stipulated that the due observance and fulfillment by the Insured of the terms, provisions, conditions, and regulations contained
6 - The legal liability specified in items four and five above arising when the Insured is himself driving a private car in this Policy, insofar as they relate to anything to be done or complied with by the Insured, and the truth of the statements
not belonging to him and not hired to him under a hire-purchase agreement, provided: - and answers in the said proposal shall be conditions precedent to any liability of the Company to make any
(a) - That one of the cars specified in the Schedule attached hereto is being used at that time - and payment under this Policy. Any waiver of any of the terms, provisions, conditions, and regulations contained in this Policy
(b) - That the Company's liability under this item shall not exceed the limits of the relevant indemnities according to items four and five above. shall not be valid unless it is in writing and signed by a duly appointed officer, agent, or agents of the Company.
7 - All costs and expenses incurred with the written consent of the Company. The conditions mentioned above are: -
It has also been agreed as follows: - 1 - Written notice must be given to the Company immediately upon the occurrence of any accident, loss, or damage, or in the case of any claim. Every letter,
8 - Subject to the conditions and limitations and for the purposes of items four, five, and seven of this Policy, it is considered - at the request of claim, summons, or notice of requirement to attend or notification must be submitted to the Company immediately upon receipt by the Insured. Also,
the Insured - every relative or friend of the Insured as if he were the Insured himself when driving any car specified in the Schedule written notice must be given to the Company as soon as the Insured becomes aware of the possibility of a lawsuit regarding any accident that may lead to the emergence of
attached hereto for social, domestic, or pleasure purposes, except for property belonging to the Insured and his general consent, provided: - a claim under this Policy. In the case of theft or any other criminal act that may be the subject of a claim under this Policy, the Insured
(1) - That such relative or friend is not entitled to indemnities under any other insurance policy. must report the matter to the police immediately and cooperate with the Company to ensure the conviction of the offender.
(2) - That such relative or friend shall, as if he were the Insured himself, observe, fulfill, and follow the terms, provisions, and regulations 2 - The Insured may not admit, pledge, promise, or perform anything without the written consent of the Company, which shall be entitled
set forth in this Policy as far as they can apply. - if it so desires - to take over and conduct in the name of the Insured the defense or settlement of any claim or to prosecute in his name
(3) - That such relative or friend has not been refused motor insurance or the extension of such a contract by any and for its benefit for any claim for indemnities, damages, or otherwise, and shall have absolute discretion and no recourse to choice in the conduct of any
insurance company or underwriters. proceedings or in the settlement of any claim, and the Insured must provide all information and render all assistance that the Company may request.
(4) - That such relative or friend is at that time a duly licensed driver. 3 - If loss or damage occurs to any car specified in the Schedule attached hereto, the Company may, at its option, either repair that car or any
9 - The Insured may authorize the repair of any car specified in the Schedule attached hereto that requires repair due to damage for which part of its parts with its accessories and tools, or restore it to its original state, or replace it, or pay in cash the amount of the loss or damage, and
the Company may be liable under this Policy, provided: - the Company's liability shall not exceed the total value of the damaged and lost parts plus the reasonable cost of installation, provided that it does not exceed in any
(a) - That the estimated cost of such repair does not exceed the amount declared in the attached Schedule. circumstances the Insured's estimate of the value of that car (including the accessories on it) as specified in the Schedule attached to this Policy
(b) - Providing the Company immediately with a detailed estimate of the cost - or or the value of that car (including the accessories on it) at the time of the loss or damage, whichever is less.
(c) - That the Insured renders to the Company all necessary assistance to confirm the necessity of the repair and the reasonableness of its cost. 4 - The Insured must take all reasonable steps to maintain any car specified in the Schedule attached hereto from damage and loss and keep it in
10 - The Company has absolute discretion to appoint its representative in every inquest or inquiry into a fatal accident regarding any death that may be subject good condition, and the Company shall at all times have absolute and full freedom to inspect that car or any part of its parts or any driver or employee
to indemnities under this Policy and to undertake the task of defense in proceedings before any criminal court or court of first instance regarding of the Insured. In the event of an accident or breakdown of the said car, it must not be left unattended; rather, precautions must be taken

Archival unit 30

⟦illegible⟧ E. Sassoon Khadhoury
⟦line⟧
⟦illegible⟧ on Alliance Policy ⟦illegible⟧ 2 ⟦line⟧ ID. 12/875
⟦illegible⟧ refund on Policy 10963 ⟦line⟧ ID. 11/428
Balance due to us ⟦line⟧ ID. 1/447

Archival unit 31

intended to prevent the increase of damage or loss, and if that car is driven before the necessary repairs are carried out, any expansion that occurs in the damage shall be at the sole responsibility of the insured person alone. This deed, however, does not impose on the company any liability from which the company is exempt according to paragraph (1) of the eighth clause of
or other damage arising entirely at the insured's own risk. This deed, but for this condition.
5 - The company may cancel this deed by sending a seven-day notice by registered mail to the insured at his last known address. 7 - All disputes arising from this deed shall be referred for decision by an arbitrator appointed in writing by the two disputing parties, or if they are unable to
In this case, the company shall return to the insured the insurance premium after deducting a proportional part thereof for the period during which the deed was in effect. Agreeing on a single arbitrator, the dispute shall be decided by two arbitrators, each party appointing one of them in writing, or in case of disagreement, by
Or the deed may be cancelled at any time by the insured by giving seven days' notice (provided that no claim has arisen an umpire appointed by the two arbitrators in writing before proceeding with the referral. The costs of the referral and the decision shall be at the discretion of the arbitrator, arbitrators, or umpire who
during the then-current period of insurance) and the insured shall be entitled to a refund of the insurance premium after deducting the premium according to the company's rates issues the decision. Such decision shall be a condition precedent to any liability of the company or any right of action against the company regarding any claim. And if
for short-term insurance for the period during which the deed was in effect. The company refused to bear liability towards the insured for any claim under this deed and that claim was not referred to arbitration within twelve
6 - If at the time of the occurrence of any claim under this deed there is any other insurance covering the same loss, damage, or liability, the company shall not be calendar months from the date of the said refusal under the conditions listed in this deed, then the claim shall be considered in all respects
liable to pay or contribute more than its rateable proportion of any loss, damage, compensation, costs, or expenses. as having been abandoned and shall not thereafter be recoverable under this deed.
In case of discrepancy between the Arabic and English texts of this policy, the English text shall prevail.
The Schedule
Description of Vehicles
Registration Letters and Numbers | Make of Vehicle | Horsepower | Type of Body | Year of Manufacture | Number of Seats including Driver's Seat | Insured's Estimate of Value including Accessories on the Vehicle
Registration No. 1889 B | Oldsmobile | 28/4 | Saloon | 1937 | 5 | Three hundred and fifty Iraqi Dinars only
Limits of the amount of the Company's liability under Clause 4 of the deed | ⟦line⟧ | Unlimited
Limits of the amount of the Company's liability under Clause 5 of the deed | ⟦line⟧ | Ten thousand Iraqi Dinars only
Maximum amount allowed for the insured to authorize repairs under Clause 9 (a) | ⟦line⟧ | Ten Iraqi Dinars only
Limits of the amount of the Company's liability for medical expenses under Clause (11) | ⟦line⟧ | Twenty Iraqi Dinars only
In witness whereof, we, as the authorized agents of the said company, have signed our hands below on this nineteenth day of March
in the year one thousand nine hundred and forty-two.
On behalf of Alliance Assurance Company Limited
For Ezra M. Hakkak & Sons Ltd.
Manager
⟦illegible stamp⟧

Archival unit 32

THE CONDITIONS ABOVE REFERRED TO ARE:—
1. Notice shall be given in writing to the Company immediately upon the occurrence of any accident or loss or damage or in the event of any claim. Every letter claim writ summons and/or process shall be forwarded to the Company immediately on receipt by the Insured. Notice shall also be given in writing to the Company immediately the Insured shall have knowledge of any impending prosecution in respect of any occurence which may give rise to a claim under this Policy. In case of theft or other criminal act which may be the subject of a claim under this Policy the Insured shall give immediate notice to the Police and co-operate with the Company in securing the conviction of the offender.
2. No admission offer promise or payment shall be made by the Insured without the written consent of the Company which shall be entitled if it so desires to take over and conduct in the name of the Insured the defence or settlement of any claim or to prosecute in his name for its own benefit any claim for indemnity or damages or otherwise against any third party and shall have full discretion in the conduct of any proceedings or in the settlement of any claim and the Insured shall give all such information and assistance as the Company may require.
3. In the event of loss of or damage to any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto the Company may at its own option repair reinstate or replace such Motor Car or part thereof and/or its accessories and spare parts or pay in cash the amount of the loss or damage and the liability of the Company shall not exceed the actual value of the parts damaged or lost plus the reasonable cost of fitting and in no case exceed the Insured's estimate of the value of such Motor Car (including Accessories thereon) as specified in the Schedule hereto or the value of such Motor Car (including Accessories thereon) at the time of the loss or damage whichever is the less.
4. The Insured shall take all reasonable steps to safeguard from loss or damage and to maintain in efficient condition any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto and the Company shall have at all times free and full access to examine such Motor Car or any part thereof or any driver or employee of the Insured. In the event of an accident or breakdown such Motor Car shall not be left unattended without proper precautions being taken to prevent further damage or loss and if such Motor Car be driven before the necessary repairs are effected any extension of the damage or further accident arising shall be entirely at the Insured's own risk.
5. The Company may cancel this Policy by sending seven days' notice by registered letter to the Insured at his last known address and in such event will return to the Insured the premium less the pro rata portion thereof for the period the Policy has been in force or the Policy may be cancelled at any time by the Insured on seven days' notice (provided no claim has arisen during the then current period of insurance) and the Insured shall be entitled to a return of the premium less premium at the Company's Short Period rates for the time the Policy has been in force.
6. If at the time any claim arises under this Policy there is any other existing Insurance covering the same loss damage or liability the Company shall not be liable to pay or to contribute more than its rateable proportion of any loss damage compensation costs or expense. Provided always that nothing in this condition shall impose on the Company any liability from which but for this condition it would have been relieved under the provisions of Proviso (1) of Clause 3 of this Policy.
7. All differences arising out of this Policy shall be referred to the decision of an Arbitrator to be appointed in writing by the parties in difference or if they cannot agree upon a single Arbitrator to the decision of two Arbitrators one to be appointed by each of the parties in writing or in the case of disagreement of an Umpire appointed by the Arbitrators in writing before entering upon the Reference. The costs of the Reference and of the Award shall be in the discretion of the Arbitrator Arbitrators or Umpire making the Award whose award shall be a condition precedent to any liability of the Company or any right of action against the Company in respect of any claim. If the Company shall disclaim liability to the Insured for any claim hereunder and such claim shall not within twelve calender months from the date of such disclaim have been referred to arbitration under the provisions herein contained then the claim shall for all purposes be deemed to have been abandoned and shall not thereafter be recoverable hereunder.
THE SCHEDULE.
Policy No.: M 178352
Premium: ID.12.875
Period of Insurance—From noon on the: Nineteenth day of March 19 42
to noon on the: Nineteenth day of March 19 43
The Insured: S.E.Sassoon Khedoury.
Address: Baghdad.
Occupation or Profession: President, Jewish Community.
Geographical Area referred to in Proviso (a): Iraq and an area in Iran within 100 miles of the Iraq-Iran Frontier.
Registered Letters and Nos. | Make of Car. | Horse Power. | Type of Body | Year of Manufacture | Seating Capacity including Driver | Insured's estimate of Value including accessories thereon.
Registered No.BD 1889 | Oldsmobile | 28.4 | Saloon | 1937 | 5 | ID.350/- (Iraq Dinars three hundred & fifty)
Limit of amount of the Company's liability under Clause 4 of the Policy: Unlimited
Limit of amount of the Company's liability under Clause 5 of the Policy: ID.10.000/-
Maximum amount for which the Insured is permitted to authorise repairs under Clause 9(a): ID.10/-
Limit of amount of the Company's liability for Medical Expenses under Clause 11: ID.20/-
In Witness whereof, we being the authorised Agents of the said Company, have hereunto set our hands this Nineteenth day of March in the year One Thousand Nine Hundred and Forty-Two.
Per Pro the Alliance Assurance Co., Ltd.,
For Ezra M. Hakkak & Sons Ltd.,
⟦illegible signature⟧
Director,
Examined.....⟦signature⟧

Archival unit 33

1824
MULTI SOCIETATE TUTIORES
ALLIANCE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
LIMITED.
(INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND.)
HEAD OFFICE: BARTHOLOMEW LANE, LONDON, E.C. 2.
DIRECTORS.
LIONEL N. DE ROTHSCHILD, O.B.E., Chairman.
THE HON. ALEXANDER BARING. EDWARD RALPHE DOURO HOARE.
CHARLES EDWARD BARNETT. R. M. HOLLAND-MARTIN, C.B.
THE VISCOUNT BEARSTED, M.C. COL. WILFORD N. LLOYD, C.B., C.V.O
FREDERICK CAVENDISH BENTINCK. SIR CHRISTOPHER T. NEEDHAM.
D. G. M. BERNARD. G. W. B. PORTMAN.
ALFRED FOWELL BUXTON. THE EARL OF ROSEBERY, D.S.O., M.C.
JOHN CATOR. WILLIAM HEARD SHELFORD.
MAJOR GERALD M. A. ELLIS. ARTHUR JAMES STEWART TODD.
FREDERICK CRAUFURD GOODENOUGH. HENRY ALEXANDER TROTTER.
THE MARQUESS OF HARTINGTON, M.P. RICHARD DURANT TROTTER.
A. LEVINE, General Manager.
Agency.: Iraq
Baghdad,: 19th March 1942 <del>193x</del>
ACCIDENT Department.
The company shall in no case be bound under | Notwithstanding any provision of
Articles 1, 2, 3, 9, and 11 of this policy for more than | law to the contrary or any
the value of the insured property at the time of the occurrence of loss or | provisions hereof the Company shall
damage, even if there is a legal provision to the contrary | in no event be liable under clauses
or despite any of the conditions of this policy .... | 1,2,3,9 and 11 of this policy
| for more than the value of the
| property insured hereby at the time
| of any loss or damage happening
| thereto. ⟦line⟧
On behalf of Alliance Assurance Company Limited
For Ezra M. Hakkak & Sons Company Limited
⟦signature⟧
The Manager
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧

Archival unit 34

Baghdad Agency.
Renewal No. 42/1615
IRAQ POSTAGE REVENUE 10 FILS
SOUTH BRITISH INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED BAGHDAD 12 SEP 1941
Limited.
The South British Insurance Company,
AUTHORISED CAPITAL £ 2,000,000.
SUBSCRIBED & PAID UP CAPITAL £ 1,031,640.
BOMBAY BRANCH: CANADA BUILDING, HORNBY ROAD, FORT.
Baghdad,: 12th September 1941..
Sum Insured: ID 300/---
Premium: Fils 750
Certified to: The President of the Jewish Community, Baghdad.
that the Renewal of Policy No.: 42/ 12030
has been effected from the: Fourteenth
day of: September 19 41
to the: Fourteenth
day of: September 19 42. at 4 p m. (Standard Time.)
This Renewal is subject to such Tariff Rates and Regulations as may be in force at the date from which the policy is renewed.
⟦illegible signature⟧
Agent.
* If any Stove, Steam-Engine, Furnace or other Implement for producing heat has been erected on the
** premises, if they are unoccupied or if the nature of the risk be in any other respect changed, it is
necessary (for your security) that the circumstance should at the time be made known, in writing, to the
Company's Manager or Agent.

Archival unit 35

IRAQ
POSTAGE
25
FILS
⟦illegible⟧
JAN 1941
GENERAL AGENTS
I. & C. ADES LTD.
BAGHDAD
L'UNION
DE COMPAGNIES
ESTABLISHED 1828
THE UNION
Fire Accident and General Insurance
Company
Limited
(of Paris)
(Incorporated in France)
IRAQ REVENUE
50
FILS
POSTAGE
IRAQ REVENUE
I. & C. ADES LTD.
BAGHDAD
MOTOR POLICY
(Private and/or Commercial Vehicle)
PRIVATE MOTOR CARS.
Whereas the Insured designated in the Schedule hereto has applied to THE UNION FIRE, ACCIDENT AND GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED (herein-
called "the Company") by a Proposal which the Insured has agreed shall be deemed to be of a promissory nature and effect and the basis of this Contract and which is ⟦illegible⟧
to be incorporated herein and has paid or agreed to pay the premium stated in the Schedule hereto as consideration for the Indemnity hereinafter contained.
Now this Policy Witnesseth that the Company will subject to the Terms Provisions and Conditions contained herein or endorsed hereon indemnify the Insured
against loss damage and/or liability as hereunder mentioned actually occurring or arising during the period stated in the Schedule hereto or during any period for which the
Company may accept payment for the renewal of this Policy that is to say:—
1. Loss of or Damage to any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto and necessary Lamps Tyres and Accessories whilst thereon resulting from any Accident
Collision or Overturning or Collision or Overturning consequent upon Mechanical Breakdown or consequent upon Wear and Tear but excluding accidental damage
to Tyres unless such Motor Car is damaged at the same time.
2. Loss of or Damage to any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto and necessary Lamps Tyres and Accessories whilst thereon
(a) By Fire External Explosion Self Ignition or Lightning or Burglary Housebreaking or Theft or
(b) By Malicious Act or
(c) In transit by Road Rail Inland Waterway Lift or Elevator
but excluding damage to Tyres unless such Motor Car is damaged at the same time.
3. The cost of protection and removal of any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto to the nearest repairers in consequence of accident causing damage which
is covered hereunder but not exceeding twenty per cent. of the agreed cost of the repairs.
4. Liability at law for compensation (including Law Costs of any claimant) for death of or bodily injury to any person caused by the use of any ⟦illegible⟧ car described
in the Schedule hereto except where such death or injury arises out of or in the course of the employment of such person by the Insured and excluding liability
to a person being a member of the Insured's household. Provided that the liability of the Company is limited in respect of any one claim or series of claims arising
out of one event to the sum stated in the Schedule hereto including such Law Costs.
5. Liability at law for compensation (including Law Costs of any claimant) for damage caused by the use of any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto to property
other than property belonging to held in trust by or in the custody or control of the Insured or a member of the Insured's household. Provided that the liability
of the Company is limited in respect of any one claim or series of claims arising out of one event to the sum stated in the Schedule hereto including such Law Costs.
6. Liability at law as defined in Clauses 4 and 5 above arising whilst the Insured is personally driving a Private Motor Car not belonging to him and not hired to him under
hire purchase agreement provided that (a) one of the cars described in the Schedule hereto is not in use at the time and (b) the liability of the Company under this Clause
shall not exceed the respective limits of indemnity under the aforesaid Clauses 4 and 5.
7. All costs and expenses incurred with the written consent of the Company.
It is also agreed that :
8. In the terms of and subject to the limitations of and for the purposes of Clauses 4, 5 and 7 of this Policy the Company will at the request of the Insured
treat as though he were the Insured any relative or friend of the Insured whilst driving any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto for social domestic
or pleasure purposes with the Insured's general knowledge and consent provided :—
(1) That such relative or friend is not entitled to indemnity under any other Policy.
(2) That such relative or friend shall as though he were the Insured observe fulfil and be subject to the Terms Provisions Conditions and Endorsements of this
Policy insofar as they can apply.
(3) That such relative or friend has not been refused any Motor Vehicle insurance or continuance thereof by any Insurance Company or Underwriter.
(4) That such relative or friend is at the time a duly licensed driver.
9. The Insured may authorise the repair of any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto necessitated by damage for which the Company may be liable under this
Policy provided :—
(a) That the estimated cost of such repair does not exceed the amount stated in the Schedule hereto.
(b) That the Company be furnished forthwith with a detailed estimate of the cost and
(c) That the Insured shall give the Company every assistance to see that such repair is necessary and the charge reasonable.
10. The Company may at its own option arrange for representation at any Inquest or Fatal Enquiry in respect of any death which may be the subject of indemnity under this
Policy and may undertake the defence of proceedings in any Police Court or Court of First Instance in respect of any act or alleged offence causing or relating
to any event which may be the subject of indemnity under this Policy.
11. The Company will pay to the Insured the reasonable medical expenses incurred in connection with any bodily injury by violent accidental external and visible
means sustained by the Insured or his driver or any occupant of any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto as the direct and immediate result of
accident to such Motor Car provided that the liability of the Company in respect of any one accident shall not exceed the sum stated in the Schedule hereto.
Provided always that the Company shall not be liable to make any payment in respect of :—
(a) Any accident loss damage or liability caused or arising outside the geographical area stated in the Schedule hereto.
(b) Consequential loss sustained by the Insured or loss of use of any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto resulting from any accident.
(c) Wear and Tear and/or depreciation of any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto or any part of such Motor Car
(d) Mechanical Fracture and/or Mechanical or Electrical Breakdown or failure of any part of any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto.
(e) Damage to any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto caused by overloading or strain.
(f) Any accident loss damage or liability caused or arising ⟦illegible⟧ any Motor Car in connection with which insurance or indemnity is granted hereunder is let on hire ⟦illegible⟧
or is being used for racing pace-making reliability trial or speed testing or any purposes in connection with the Motor Trade or for the transport of goods or for
the conveyance of passengers for monetary or equivalent consideration or is being driven by the Insured (or by any other person with the general knowledge and
consent of the Insured) whilst unlicensed or not qualified at the time to hold a driving licence or whilst under the influence of intoxicating liquor or drugs.
(g) Any accident loss damage or liability directly or indirectly proximately or remotely occasioned by contributed to or arising out of or in connection
with Flood Typhoon Hurricane Windstorm Volcanic Eruption Earthquake or other convulsion of nature Invasion the act of Foreign Enemies Hostilities or War-like
Operations (whether before or after Declaration of War) Strike Riot Civil Commotion Rebellion Military or Usurped Power or by any direct or indirect consequences
of any of the said occurrences and in the event of any claim hereunder the Insured shall prove that the accident loss damage and/or liability arose independently
of and was in no way connected with or occasioned by or contributed to or traceable to any of the said occurrences or any consequence thereof and in default of such
proof the Company shall not be liable to make any payment in respect of such a claim.
Provided also that the due observance and fulfilment of the Terms Provisions Conditions and Endorsements of this Policy by the Insured insofar as they relate
to anything to be done or complied with by the Insured and the truth of the statements and answers in the Proposal shall be conditions precedent to any liability
of the Company to make any payment under this Policy. No waiver of any of the Terms Provisions Conditions and Endorsements of this Policy shall be valid unless
made in writing signed by a duly authorised officer of the Company.

Archival unit 36

With the Compliments
of
I. & C. Ades, Ltd.
(INCORPORATED IN IRAQ)
INSURANCE DEPARTMENT
PHONE No. 154,
P. O. BOX 68.
230 E
1 , EL RASHID STREET,
BAGHDAD.

Archival unit 37

⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible⟧

Archival unit 38

THE CONDITIONS ABOVE REFERRED TO ARE:—
⟦illegible⟧ notice shall be given in writing to the Company immediately upon the occurrence of any accident or loss or damage or in the event of any claim. Every ⟦illegible⟧ claim with summons and/or process shall be forwarded to the Company immediately on receipt by the Insured. Notice shall also be given in writing to the Company immediately the Insured shall have knowledge of any impending prosecution in respect of any occurrence which may give rise to a claim under this Policy. In case of theft or other criminal act which may be the subject of a claim under this Policy the Insured shall give immediate notice to the Police and co-operate with the Company in securing the conviction of the offender.
2. No admission offer promise or payment shall be made by the Insured without the written consent of the Company which shall be entitled if it so desires to take over and conduct in the name of the Insured the defence or settlement of any claim or to prosecute in his name for its own benefit any claim for indemnity or damages or otherwise against any third party and shall have full discretion in the conduct of any proceedings or in the settlement of any claim and the Insured shall give all such information and assistance as the Company may require.
3. In the event of loss of or damage to any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto the Company may at its own option repair reinstate or replace such Motor Car or part thereof and/or its accessories and spare parts or pay in cash the amount of the loss or damage and the liability of the Company shall not exceed the actual value of the parts damaged or lost plus the reasonable cost of fitting and in no case exceed the Insured's estimate of the value of such Motor Car (including Accessories thereon) as specified in the Schedule hereto or the value of such Motor Car (including Accessories thereon) at the time of the loss or damage whichever is the less.
4. The Insured shall take all reasonable steps to safeguard from loss or damage and to maintain in efficient condition any Motor Car described in the Schedule hereto and the Company shall have at all times free and full access to examine such Motor Car or any part thereof or any driver or employee of the Insured. In the event of any accident or breakdown such Motor Car shall not be left unattended without proper precautions being taken to prevent further damage or loss and if such Motor Car be driven before the necessary repairs are effected any extension of the damage or further accident arising shall be entirely at the Insured's own risk.
5. The Company may cancel this Policy by sending seven days' notice by registered letter to the Insured at his last known address and in such event will return to the Insured the premium less the pro rata portion thereof for the period the Policy has been in force or the Policy may be cancelled at any time by the Insured on seven days' notice (provided no claim has arisen during the then current period of insurance) and the Insured shall be entitled to a return of the premium less premium Company's Short Period rates for the time the Policy has been in force.
⟦illegible⟧ at the time any claim arises under this Policy there is any other existing Insurance covering the same loss damage or liability the Company shall not be or to contribute more than its rateable proportion of any loss damage compensation costs or expense. Provided always that nothing in this condition shall Company any liability from which but for this condition it would have been relieved under the provisions of Proviso (1) of Clause 8 of this Policy.
⟦illegible⟧ differences arising out of this Policy shall be referred to the decision of an Arbitrator to be appointed in writing by the parties in difference or if they upon a single Arbitrator to the decision of two Arbitrators one to be appointed by each of the parties in writing or in the case of disagreement of an Umpire the Arbitrators in writing before entering upon the Reference. The costs of the Reference and of the Award shall be in the discretion of the Arbitrator or Umpire making the Award whose award shall be a condition precedent to any liability of the Company or any right of action against the Company in any claim If the Company shall disclaim liability to the Insured for any claim hereunder and such claim shall not within twelve calender months from if such disclaimer have been referred to arbitration under the provisions herein contained then the claim shall for all purposes be deemed to have been abandoned not thereafter be recoverable hereunder.
THE SCHEDULE.
No.: 10893
Premium: ID.12/500.
of Insurance—From noon on the: Twenty eighth ⟦line⟧ day of January ⟦line⟧ 19 41
to noon on the: Twenty eighth ⟦line⟧ day of January ⟦line⟧ 19 42
Insured: S. E. Rabbi Sassoon Khadhoury, Baghdad.-
Address: Baghdad.-
Occupation or Profession: President, Jewish Community,-
Geographical Area referred to in Proviso (a): Kingdom of Iraq only.-
Registered Letters and Nos. | Make of Car. | Horse Power. | Type of Body | Year of Manufacture | Seating Capacity including Driver | Insured's estimate of Value including accessories thereon.
BD.1889 | Oldsmobile | 28.4 | Saloon | 1937 | Five | ID.150/--
Limit of amount of the Company's liability under Clause 4 of the Policy ⟦line⟧ Unlimited.
Limit of amount of the Company's liability under Clause 5 of the Policy ⟦line⟧ 10000 Dinars.
Maximum amount for which the Insured is permitted to authorise repairs under Clause 9(a) ⟦line⟧ 10 "
Limit of amount of the Company's liability for Medical Expenses under Clause 11 ⟦line⟧ 20 "
In Witness whereof, we being the authorised Agents of the said Company, have hereunto set our hands this Twenty eighth ⟦line⟧ day of January ⟦line⟧ in the year One Thousand Nine Hundred and Forty One.-
THE UNION FIRE, ACCIDENT & GENERAL
INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED,
FOR I. & C. ADES, LTD.
⟦illegible signature⟧
Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary no provisions hereof the Company shall be liable for more than the value of the property insured hereby at the time of any loss or damage happening thereto.

Archival unit 39

to prevent the increase of damage or loss, and if that car is driven before the necessary repairs are made, any expansion that occurs in the damage
shall be at the insured's own responsibility alone, provided that nothing in this condition imposes on the company any liability from which the company would be exempt according to paragraph (1) of the eighth clause of
this instrument were it not for this condition.
or any other accident arising from it.
7 - All differences arising from this instrument shall be referred for decision by an arbitrator appointed in writing by the two differing parties, or if they are unable to
agree on one arbitrator, they shall be decided by two arbitrators, each party appointing one of them in writing, or in case of disagreement, by
an umpire appointed by the two arbitrators in writing before proceeding with the referral. The costs of the referral and the decision shall be the opinion of the arbitrator or arbitrators or the umpire who
issues the decision. That decision shall be a condition precedent to any liability of the company or any right of action against the company regarding any claim. And if
the company refuses to bear liability towards the insured for any claim according to this instrument and that claim is not referred to arbitration within twelve
calendar months from the date of the aforementioned refusal pursuant to the conditions listed in this instrument, the claim shall then be considered in all respects
as having been abandoned and shall not thereafter be recoverable under this instrument.
The company may cancel this instrument by sending a seven-day notice by registered mail to the insured at his last known address,
and the company in this case shall return to the insured the insurance premium after deducting a proportional part thereof for the period during which the instrument was in effect,
or the instrument may be cancelled at any time by the insured by a seven-day notice (provided that no claim has arisen
during the then-current period of insurance) and the insured shall be entitled to a refund of the insurance premium after deducting the premium according to the company's
short-term rates for the period during which the instrument was in effect.
8 - If at the time of the occurrence of any claim under this instrument there is any other insurance covering the same loss, damage, or liability, the company shall not be
liable to pay or contribute more than its rateable proportion of any loss, damage, compensation, costs, or expenses.
In case of difference between the Arabic and English texts in this policy, the English text shall prevail.
The Schedule
Description of Vehicles
Registration Number | Make of Vehicle | Horsepower | Type of Body | Year of Manufacture | Number of Seats including Driver's Seat | Insured's Estimate of Value including Accessories on the Vehicle
1889 B | Oldsmobile | 28.4 | Saloon | 1937 | Five | 150/- Dinars
In witness whereof, we, as the authorized agents of the aforementioned company, have signed below on this twenty-eighth day of January
the year one thousand nine hundred and forty-one.
For I. & C. Ades Limited
(Insurance Department)
Manager
The company shall not in any case be liable for more
than the value of the insured property under this policy at the time
of the occurrence of the loss or damage, even if there is a legal provision to the contrary
or notwithstanding any of the conditions of this policy.

Archival unit 40

FOREIGN FIRE.
No. 58309 Iraq Agency.
Guardian Assurance Company Limited.
(INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND.)
Head Office:—68, King William Street, London, E.C. 4.
Received the Nineteenth day of March 1941
of M The Jewish Lay Council
the sum of ID.18/750 being for twelve Months' Premium on building of Khan No.158/158
with 4 shops, Shorja Str.,
insured in this Company by Policy No. 7676189 which is hereby renewed from Baghdad.
5th March 1941 to 5th March, 1942.
Sum insured ID.1500/-.
⟦illegible⟧
19 MAR 1941
THE IRAQ INSURANCE OFFICE LTD.
THE IRAQ INSURANCE OFFICE LTD.
⟦signature⟧ Agent.
Managing Director General Manager
F. 21—8/31.

Archival unit 41

BAGHDAD AGENCY.
No. 42 / 12030
The South British Insurance Company, Limited.
THE SOUTH BRITISH INSURANCE COMPANY LIMITED INCORPORATED IN NEW ZEALAND
AUTHORISED CAPITAL £ 2,000,000
BOMBAY BRANCH
SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL £ 1,031,640
HORNBY ROAD, FORT.
Baghdad,: 14th Septr. 19 40.
Received from: The President of the ⟦Jewi⟧sh Community, Baghdad.
the sum of: ID 0.750
being amount of Premium as noted below for: fire
insurance to the extent of: ID 300/---
under Policy No.: 42/12030
from: 14th September 19 40
to: 14th September 19 41
at 4 p. m., Standard Time.:
Premium,: Fils 750
D. SHORET
⟦signature⟧
Chief Agent.

Archival unit 42

T. L. P.—J. 3197-38
THE CONDITIONS AND STIPULATIONS REFERRED TO IN THIS POLICY ARE AS FOLLOWS :—
THE SOUTH BRITISH INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD.
INCORPORATED IN NEW ZEALAND
MARINE • FIRE • ACCIDENT
FIRE POLICY
No.: D 000/— 42/02036
NAME: The President of the Jewish Community, Baghdad.
ON: Office furniture.
SITUATION: Building No. 16/118. Tawrat quarter, Baghdad.
EXPIRES: 14th September 1941. at 4 o'clock in the afternoon (S. T.)
THE ASSURED IS REQUESTED TO READ THE CONDITIONS OF THIS POLICY.
1. If there be any material misdescription of any of the property hereby insured, or of any building or place in which such property is contained, or any misrepresentation as to any fact material to be known for estimating the risk, or any omission to state such fact, the Company shall not be liable upon this Policy so far as it relates to property affected by any such misdescription, misrepresentation or omission.
2. No payment in respect of any premium shall be deemed to be payment to the Company unless a printed form of receipt for the same signed by an Official or duly appointed Agent of the Company shall have been given to the Assured.
3. The Assured shall give notice to the Company of any insurance or insurances already effected, or which may subsequently be effected, covering any of the property hereby insured, and unless such notice be given and the particulars of such insurance or insurances be stated in or endorsed on this Policy by or on behalf of the Company before the occurrence of any loss or damage, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
⟦line⟧
11. On the happening of any loss or damage the Assured shall forthwith give notice thereof to the Company, and shall within 15 days after the loss or damage, or such further time as the Company may in writing in that behalf allow, deliver to the Company (a) a claim in writing for the loss and damage containing as particular an account as may be reasonably practicable of all the several articles or items of property damaged or destroyed, and of the amount of the loss or damage thereto respectively, having regard to their value at the time of the loss or damage, not including profit of any kind. (b) particulars of all other insurances, if any.
12. On the happening of any loss of or damage to any of the property insured by this Policy, the Company may (a) enter and take and keep possession of the building or premises where the loss or damage has happened. (b) take possession of or require to be delivered to it any property of the Assured in the building or on the premises at the time of the loss or damage. (c) keep possession of any such property and examine, sort, arrange, remove, or otherwise deal with the same. (d) sell any such property or dispose of the same for account of whom it may concern.
⟦line⟧
20. Every notice and other communication to the Company required by these conditions must be written or printed.

Archival unit 43

THE
SOUTH BRITISH
INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD.
INCORPORATED IN NEW ZEALAND
MARINE • FIRE • ACCIDENT
SUM INSURED: ID 300/--- @ 1/4%
PREMIUM: Fils 750
Policy No.: 42/13030
Whereas The President of the Jewish Community Baghdad.
(hereinafter called the Assured) has paid to The South British Insurance Company, Limited (hereinafter called the Company)
the sum of Fils seven hundred and fifty only ⟦line⟧
being the Premium for such insurance as hereinafter mentioned of the property hereinafter described in the sum or several sums following, viz :-
IRAQ DINARS THREE HUNDRED ONLY.
On Office furniture, fixtures and fittings including carpets, books, stationery, safe, typewriters and similar articles his own, in trust, in deposit or on commission for which he may be responsible while contained and/or in use in a building occupied as office of the Jewish President, ground and one storey in height, brick-built with brick-arched and/or chundal roofing, bearing Municipal No. 16/118, situate at Towrat quarter, Baghdad.
In the event of loss or damage no single article to be declared for insurance at more than ID 22/500 except:-
(1) Remington Typewriter (Arabic) | 37/-
(2) One Persian Carpet. | 26/-
(3) One safe. | 37/-
This Company is expressly declared to be free from liability for loss or damage to heating and cooking stoves caused directly by their own heat and/or flames.
This Company is expressly declared to be free from liability for loss or damage to any electrical machine, apparatus, fixture or fitting (including electric fans, electric household or domestic appliances, wireless sets and radios) or to any portion of the electrical installation, arising from or occasioned by over-running, excessive, pressure, short circuiting, arcing, self-heating, or leakage of electricity from whatever cause (lightning included); provided that this exemption shall apply only to the particular electrical machine, apparatus, fixture, fitting or portion of the electrical installation so effected and not to other machines, apparatus, fixtures, fittings or portions of the electrical installation which may be destroyed or damaged by fire so set up.
Lighting and heating by firewood, coal, kerosine and/or electricity allowed.
Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary or any provisions hereof the Company shall in no event be liable for more than the value of the property insured hereby at the time of any loss or damage happening thereto.
THE SOUTH BRITISH INSURANCE CO. LTD.
BAGHDAD
IRAQ REVENUE
20 FILS
Now be it known that from the Fourteenth day of September One thousand nine hundred and Forty until the Fourteenth day of September One thousand nine hundred and Fortyone at Four o'clock (Standard Time) in the Afternoon of that day and for so long afterwards as the said Assured, his, her or their Heirs, Executors, or Administrators shall from time to time pay, or cause to be paid, the Sums required for the renewal of this Policy, and the Directors of the Company shall agree thereto by accepting the same, the Funds and Property of the Company shall be subject and liable to pay, reinstate, or make good to the said Assured, his, her or their Heirs, Executors, or Administrators, such Loss or Damage as shall be occasioned by Fire to the Property above mentioned and hereby Insured, including in such loss or damage loss by Lightning, whether the property insured becomes ignited or not, but not exceeding in each case respectively the Sum or Sums hereinbefore severally specified and stated against each Property.
Provided always that this Insurance shall at all times and under all circumstances be subject to the Conditions and Stipulations printed on the back hereof, which Conditions and Stipulations constitute the basis of this Insurance, and are to be considered as incorporated in, and forming part of, this Policy.
In Witness whereof the undersigned being duly authorised by the Directors of the Company, and on behalf of the Company, has hereunto set his hand at Baghdad the Thirteenth day of September 1940.
⟦illegible signature⟧
D. SHOHET
Examined ⟦line⟧

Archival unit 44

Guardian Assurance Company
Limited.
Subscribed Capital Paid up Capital
£ 2,059,971. £ 1,024,578.
Established 1821.
INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND.
No.: 7676188
Agency.: Iraq
From: 5th March, 1940.
To: 5th March, 1941.
SUM INSURED: ID.1000/-.
PREMIUM: ID.7/500
This Policy of Insurance Witnesseth THAT The Jewish Lay Council, Baghdad.
(hereinafter called the Insured), having paid to the Guardian Assurance Company Limited, of London (hereinafter called the Company), the Premium
stated above for insuring against Loss or Damage by Fire (as hereinafter mentioned), the property hereinafter described in the Sum or Sums following, namely:—
'IRAQ DINARS ONE THOUSAND ONLY. On the building of a Khan (excluding plinths, foundations and
pavements) the property of the Insured brick built with roofs of bricks and/or mud on chundals
bearing No.154/113 and situate at Taht El Takia Quarters, Baghdad. ID.1000/-.
Retail sales are allowed in the above mentioned premises.
Lighting and heating by coal, kerosene oil and electricity allowed.
Notwithstanding any provision of law to the
contrary or any provisions hereof the Company
shall in no event be liable for more than the value
of the property insured hereby at the time of any
loss or damage happening thereto.
Storage of hazardous goods allowed in the above
mentioned premises but warranted that no cotton
be stored, excepting that the storage of not more
than four fully pressed bales of cotton is allowed.
BAGHDAD
5 - MAR 1940
THE IRAQ ⟦illegible⟧
Kingdom of Iraq
THE IRAQ POSTS & TELEGRAPHS
5 FILS ٥ فلوس
The Company hereby agrees with the Insured (but subject to any Conditions hereinbefore contained, and to the Conditions endorsed, all which are to be taken as part of
this Policy) that if the Property above described, or any part thereof, shall be destroyed or damaged by fire, at any time between and including the Fifth
day of March 19 40, and Four o'Clock in the Afternoon of the Fifth day of March 19 41, or at any time
afterwards, so long as the Insured or his Representatives in Interest (provided that the Interest in this Policy be assigned by and with the consent of the Company or its authorized
Agent, but not otherwise) shall pay to the Company or its authorized Agent, and they shall accept the sum required for the renewal of this Policy, on or before the said
last-mentioned date, and on or before the expiration of any subsequent period for which this Policy shall be stated in the Renewal Receipt to be renewed, the Company
shall pay or make good all such loss or damage to an amount not exceeding in respect of the several matters above specified the sum set opposite thereto respectively, and not
exceeding in the whole the sum above mentioned as the sum Insured.
In Witness whereof, we being duly authorized hereunto for and on behalf of the Guardian Assurance Company Limited, have hereunto subscribed our Name,
this Fifth day of March One Thousand Nine Hundred and Forty , but hereby fully declaring we are
in no way responsible in person or estate under this Insurance, or for any Act done in consequence thereof.
THE IRAQ INSURANCE OFFICE LTD.
⟦signature⟧
For the Guardian Assurance Company Limited,
Managing Director Power of Attorney.
February, 1939.
U.A.
226.
The Insured should for his own protection examine the Policy in order to verify the correctness of the description of the Property Insured.

Archival unit 45

Guardian Assurance Company Limited.
LONDON.
ESTABLISHED 1821.
HEAD OFFICE:
68, KING WILLIAM STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.
No.: 7676188
⟦line⟧: The Jewish Lay Council.
Sum Assured: ID. 1000/-
Premium: ID. 7/500.
Expires: 5th March, 1941.
Guardian Assurance Company Limited.
THE CONDITIONS UPON WHICH THIS POLICY IS GRANTED.
1. If there be any material misdescription of any of the property hereby insured, or of any building or place in which such property is contained, or any misrepresentation as to any fact material to be known for estimating the risk, or any omission to state such fact, the Company shall not be liable upon this Policy so far as it relates to property affected by any such misdescription, misrepresentation or omission.
2. No payment in respect of any premium shall be deemed to be payment to the Company unless a printed form of receipt for the same signed by an Official or duly appointed Agent of the Company shall have been given to the Insured.
3. The Insured shall give notice to the Company of any insurance or insurances already effected, or which may subsequently be effected, covering any of the property hereby insured, and unless such notice be given and the particulars of such insurance or insurances be stated in or endorsed on this Policy by or on behalf of the Company before the occurrence of any loss or damage, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
4. All insurance under this Policy
(1) on any building or part of any building,
(2) on any property contained in any building,
(3) on rent or other subject matter of insurance in respect of or in connection with any building or any property contained in any building,
shall cease immediately upon any fall or displacement
(a) of such building or of any part thereof,
(b) of the whole or any part of any range of buildings or of any structure of which such building forms part.
PROVIDED that such fall or displacement is of the whole or a substantial or important part of such building or impairs the usefulness of such building or any part thereof or leaves such building or any part thereof or any property contained therein subject to increased risk of fire or is otherwise material.
AND PROVIDED that such fall or displacement is not caused by fire or loss or damage by which is covered by this Policy or would be covered if such building, range of buildings or structure were insured under this Policy.
In any action, suit or other proceeding, where the Company alleges that by reason of the provisions of this condition any loss or damage is not covered by this insurance, the burden of proving that such loss or damage is otherwise material aforesaid shall be upon the Insured.
5. This insurance does not cover
(a) Loss by theft during or after the occurrence of a fire.
(b) Loss of or damage to property occasioned by its own fermentation, natural heating or spontaneous combustion (except as may be provided in accordance with Condition 7 (f)), or by its undergoing any heating or drying process.
(c) Loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of
(1) The burning of property by order of any public authority.
(2) Subterranean Fire.
6. This insurance does not cover any loss or damage which either in origin or extent is directly or indirectly, proximately or remotely, occasioned by or contributed to by any of the following occurrences, or which, either in origin or extent, directly or indirectly, proximately or remotely, arises out of or in connection with any of such occurrences, namely :-
(1) Earthquake, volcanic eruption, typhoon, hurricane, tornado, cyclone, or other convulsion of nature or atmospheric disturbance.
(2) War, invasion, act of foreign enemy, hostilities or warlike operations (whether war be declared or not), mutiny, riot, civil commotion, insurrection, rebellion, revolution, conspiracy, military or usurped power, martial law or state of siege, or any of the events or causes which determine the proclamation or maintenance of martial law or state of siege.
Any loss or damage happening during the existence of abnormal conditions (whether physical or otherwise), directly or indirectly, proximately or remotely, occasioned by or contributed to by or arising out of or in connection with any of the said occurrences shall be deemed to be loss or damage which is not covered by this insurance, except to the extent that the Insured shall prove that such loss or damage happened independently of the existence of such abnormal conditions.
In any action, suit or other proceeding, where the Company alleges that by reason of the provisions of this condition any loss or damage is not covered by this insurance, the burden of proving that such loss or damage is covered shall be upon the Insured.
7. Unless otherwise expressly stated in the Policy this insurance does not cover
(a) Goods held in trust or on commission.
(b) Bullion or unset precious stones.
(c) Any curiosity or work of art for an amount exceeding £20.
(d) Manuscripts, plans, drawings, or designs, patterns, models or moulds.
(e) Securities, obligations, or documents of any kind, stamps, coined or paper money, cheques, books of account or other business books.
(f) Coal, against loss or damage occasioned by its own spontaneous combustion.
(g) Explosives.
(h) Any loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of explosion; but loss or damage by explosion of gas used for illuminating or domestic purposes in a building in which gas is not generated and which does not form part of any gas works, will be deemed to be loss by fire within the meaning of this Policy.
(i) Any loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of the burning, whether accidental or otherwise, of forests, bush, prairie, pampas or jungle, and the clearing of lands by fire.
8. Under any of the following circumstances the insurance ceases to attach as regards the property affected unless the Insured, before the occurrence of any loss or damage, obtains the sanction of the Company signified by endorsement upon the Policy, by or on behalf of the Company.
(a) If the trade or manufacture carried on be altered, or if the nature of the occupation of or other circumstances affecting the building insured or containing the insured property be changed in such a way as to increase the risk of loss or damage by fire.
(b) If the building insured or containing the insured property become unoccupied and so remain for a period of more than 30 days.
(c) If property insured be removed to any building or place other than that in which it is herein stated to be insured.
(d) If the interest in the property insured pass from the Insured otherwise than by will or operation of law.
9. This insurance does not cover any loss or damage to property which, at the time of the happening of such loss or damage, is insured by or would, but for the existence of this Policy, be insured by any Marine Policy or Policies except in respect of any excess beyond the amount which would have been payable under the Marine Policy or Policies had this insurance not been effected.
10. This insurance may be terminated at any time at the request of the Insured, in which case the Company will retain the customary short period rate for the time the Policy has been in force. This insurance may also at any time be terminated at the option of the Company on notice to that effect being given to the Insured, in which case the Company shall be liable to repay on demand a ratable proportion of the premium for the unexpired term from the date of the cancelment.
11. On the happening of any loss or damage the Insured shall forthwith give notice thereof to the Company, and shall within 15 days after the loss or damage, or such further time as the Company may in writing allow in that behalf, deliver to the Company
(a) a claim in writing for the loss and damage containing as particular an account as may be reasonably practicable of all the several articles or items of property damaged or destroyed, and of the amount of the loss or damage thereto respectively, having regard to their value at the time of the loss or damage, not including profit of any kind.
(b) particulars of all other insurances, if any.
The Insured shall also at all times at his own expense produce, procure and give to the Company all such further particulars, plans, specifications, books, vouchers, invoices, duplicates or copies thereof, documents, proofs and information with respect to the claim and the origin and cause of the fire and the circumstances under which the loss or damage occurred, and any matter touching the liability or the amount of the liability of the Company as may be reasonably required by or on behalf of the Company together with a declaration on oath or in other legal form of the truth of the claim and of any matters connected therewith.
No claim under this Policy shall be payable unless the terms of this condition have been complied with.
12. On the happening of any loss or damage to any of the property insured by this Policy, the Company may
(a) enter and take and keep possession of the building or premises where the loss or damage has happened.
(b) take possession of or require to be delivered to it any property of the Insured in the building or on the premises at the time of the loss or damage.
(c) keep possession of any such property and examine, sort, arrange, remove, or otherwise deal with the same.
(d) sell any such property or dispose of the same for account of whom it may concern.
The powers conferred by this Condition shall be exercisable by the Company at any time until notice in writing is given by the Insured that he makes no claim under the Policy or, if any claim is made, until such claim is finally determined or withdrawn, and the Company shall not by any act done in the exercise or purported exercise of its powers hereunder, incur any liability to the Insured or diminish its right to rely upon any of the conditions of this Policy in answer to any claim.
If the Insured or any person on his behalf shall not comply with the requirements of the Company or shall hinder or obstruct the Company in the exercise of its powers hereunder, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
The Insured shall not in any case be entitled to abandon any property to the Company whether taken possession of by the Company or not.
13. If the claim be in any respect fraudulent, or if any false declaration be made or used in support thereof, or if any fraudulent means or devices are used by the Insured or any one acting on his behalf to obtain any benefit under this Policy; or, if the loss or damage be occasioned by the wilful act, or with the connivance of the Insured; or, if the claim be made and rejected and an action or suit be not commenced within three months after such rejection, or (in case of an arbitration taking place in pursuance of the 18th condition of this Policy) within three months after the arbitrator or arbitrators or umpire shall have made their award, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
14. The Company may at its option reinstate or replace the property damaged or destroyed, or any part thereof, instead of paying the amount of the loss or damage, or may join with any other Company or Insurers in so doing, but the Company shall not be bound to reinstate exactly or completely, but only as circumstances permit and in reasonably sufficient manner, and in no case shall the Company be bound to expend more in reinstatement than it would have cost to reinstate such property as it was at the time of the occurrence of such loss or damage, nor more than the sum insured by the Company thereon.
If the Company so elect to reinstate or replace any property the Insured shall, at his own expense, furnish the Company with such plans, specifications, measurements, quantities, and such other particulars as the Company may require, and no acts done, or caused to be done by the Company with a view to reinstatement or replacement shall be deemed an election by the Company to reinstate or replace.
If in any case the Company shall be unable to reinstate or repair the property hereby insured, because of any municipal or other regulations in force affecting the alignment of streets, or the construction of buildings, or otherwise, the Company shall, in every such case, only be liable to pay such sum as would be requisite to reinstate or repair such property if the same could lawfully be reinstated to its former condition.
15. The Insured shall, at the expense of the Company, do, and concur in doing, and permit to be done, all such acts and things as may be necessary or reasonably required by the Company for the purpose of enforcing any rights and remedies, or of obtaining relief or indemnity from other parties to which the Company shall be or would become entitled or subrogated, upon its paying for or making good any loss or damage under this Policy, whether such acts and things shall be or become necessary or required before or after his indemnification by the Company.
16. If at the time of any loss or damage happening to any property hereby insured, there be any other subsisting insurance or insurances, whether effected by the Insured or by any other person or persons, covering the same property, this Company shall not be liable to pay or contribute more than its ratable proportion of such loss or damage.
17. If the property hereby insured shall, at the breaking out of any fire, be collectively of greater value than the sum insured thereon, then the Insured shall be considered as being his own insurer for the difference, and shall bear a ratable proportion of the loss accordingly. Every item, if more than one, of the Policy shall be separately subject to this condition.
18. If any difference arises as to the amount of any loss or damage such difference shall independently of all other questions be referred to the decision of an arbitrator, to be appointed in writing by the parties in difference, or, if they cannot agree upon a single arbitrator, to the decision of two disinterested persons as arbitrators, of whom one shall be appointed in writing by each of the parties within two calendar months after having been required so to do in writing by the other party. In case either party shall refuse or fail to appoint an arbitrator within two calendar months after receipt of notice in writing requiring an appointment, the other party shall be at liberty to appoint a sole arbitrator; and in case of disagreement between the arbitrators, the difference shall be referred to the decision of an umpire who shall have been appointed by them in writing before entering on the reference and who shall sit with the arbitrators and preside at their meetings. The death of any party shall not revoke or affect the authority or powers of the arbitrator, arbitrators or umpire respectively; and in the event of the death of an arbitrator or umpire, another shall in each case be appointed in his stead by the party or arbitrators (as the case may be) by whom the arbitrator or umpire so dying was appointed. The costs of the reference and of the award shall be in the discretion of the arbitrator, arbitrators or umpire making the award. And it is hereby expressly stipulated and declared that it shall be a condition precedent to any right of action or suit upon this Policy that the award by such arbitrator, arbitrators or umpire of the amount of the loss or damage if disputed shall be first obtained.
19. In no case whatsoever shall the Company be liable for any loss or damage after the expiration of twelve months from the happening of the loss or damage unless the claim is the subject of pending action or arbitration.
20. Every notice and other communication to the Company required by these Conditions must be written or printed.
U.A. 226. 9.33.

Archival unit 46

Guardian Assurance Company
Limited.
Established 1821.
INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND.
Subscribed Capital: £ 2,059,971.
Paid up Capital: £ 1,024,578.
No.: 7676187
Agency.: Iraq
SUM INSURED: ID.500/-..
PREMIUM: ID.3/750.
From: 5th March, 1940.
To: 5th March, 1941.
This Policy of Insurance Witnesseth THAT The Jewish Lay Council, Baghdad.
(hereinafter called the Insured), having paid to the Guardian Assurance Company Limited, of London (hereinafter called the Company), the Premium stated above for insuring against Loss or Damage by Fire (as hereinafter mentioned), the property hereinafter described in the Sum or Sums following, namely :—
'IRAQ DINARS FIVE HUNDRED ONLY. On the building of a Khan (excluding plinths, foundations and pavements) the property of the Insured brick built with roofs of bricks and/or mud on chundals bearing No.152/113 and situate at Taht El Takia Quarters, Baghdad. ID.500/-..
Retail sales are allowed in the above mentioned premises.
Lighting and heating by coal, kerosene oil and electricity allowed.
Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary or any provisions hereof the Company shall in no event be liable for more than the value of the property insured hereby at the time of any loss or damage happening thereto.
Storage of hazardous goods allowed in the above mentioned premises but warranted that no cotton be stored, excepting that the storage of not more than four fully pressed bales of cotton is allowed.
⟦line⟧
THE IRAQ INSURANCE OFFICE LTD.
⟦line⟧
The Company hereby agrees with the Insured (but subject to any Conditions hereinbefore contained, and to the Conditions endorsed, all which are to be taken as part of this Policy) that if the Property above described, or any part thereof, shall be destroyed or damaged by fire, at any time between and including the Fifth day of March 19 40, and Four o'Clock in the Afternoon of the Fifth day of March 19 41, or at any time afterwards, so long as the Insured or his Representatives in Interest (provided that the Interest in this Policy be assigned by and with the consent of the Company or its authorized Agent, but not otherwise) shall pay to the Company or its authorized Agent, and they shall accept the sum required for the renewal of this Policy, on or before the said last-mentioned date, and on or before the expiration of any subsequent period for which this Policy shall be stated in the Renewal Receipt to be renewed, the Company shall pay or make good all such loss or damage to an amount not exceeding in respect of the several matters above specified the sum set opposite thereto respectively, and not exceeding in the whole the sum above mentioned as the sum Insured.
In Witness whereof, we being duly authorized hereunto for and on behalf of the Guardian Assurance Company Limited, have hereunto subscribed our Name , this Fifth day of March One Thousand Nine Hundred and Forty , but hereby fully declaring we are in no way responsible in person or estate under this Insurance, or for any Act done in consequence thereof.
For the Guardian Assurance Company Limited,
Managing Director per Power of Attorney.
General Manager
THE IRAQ INSURANCE OFFICE LTD.
February, 1939.
U.A.
226.
The Insured should for his own protection examine the Policy in order to verify the correctness of the description of the Property Insured.

Archival unit 47

Guardian
Assurance Company Limited,
LONDON.
ESTABLISHED 1821.
HEAD OFFICE:
68, KING WILLIAM STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.
No.: 7676187
The: Jewish Lay Council.
Sum Assured: ID.500/-.
Premium: ID.3/750.
Expires: 5th March, 1941.
Guardian Assurance Company Limited.
THE CONDITIONS UPON WHICH THIS POLICY IS GRANTED.
1. If there be any material misdescription of any of the property hereby insured, or of any building or place in which such property is contained, or any misrepresentation as to any fact material to be known for estimating the risk, or any omission to state such fact, the Company shall not be liable upon this Policy so far as it relates to property affected by any such misdescription, misrepresentation or omission.
2. No payment in respect of any premium shall be deemed to be payment to the Company unless a printed form of receipt for the same signed by an Official or duly appointed Agent of the Company shall have been given to the Insured.
3. The Insured shall give notice to the Company of any insurance or insurances already effected, or which may subsequently be effected, covering any of the property hereby insured, and unless such notice be given and the particulars of such insurance or insurances be stated in or endorsed on this Policy by or on behalf of the Company before the occurrence of any loss or damage, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
4. All insurance shall cease immediately upon any fall or displacement
(1) on any building or part of any building,
(2) on any property contained in any building,
(3) on rent or other subject matter of insurance in respect of or in connection with any building or any property contained in any building,
shall cease immediately upon any fall or displacement
(a) of such building or of any part thereof,
(b) of the whole or any part of any range of buildings or of any structure of which such building forms part.
Provided that such fall or displacement is of the whole or a substantial or important part of such building or impairs the usefulness of such building or any part thereof or leaves such building or any part thereof or any property contained therein subject to increased risk of fire or is otherwise material
And Provided that such fall or displacement is not caused by fire loss or damage by which is covered by this Policy or would be covered if such building, range of buildings or structure were insured under this Policy.
In any action, suit or other proceeding, the burden of proving that any fall or displacement is caused by fire as aforesaid shall be upon the Insured.
5. This insurance does not cover
(a) Loss by theft during or after the occurrence of a fire.
(b) Loss or damage to property occasioned by its own fermentation, natural heating or spontaneous combustion (except as may be provided in accordance with Condition 7 (f)), or by its undergoing any heating or drying process.
(c) Loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of
(1) The burning of property by order of any public authority.
(2) Subterranean Fire.
6. This Insurance does not cover any loss or damage which either in origin or extent is directly or indirectly, proximately or remotely, occasioned by or contributed to by any of the following occurrences, or which, either in origin or extent directly or indirectly, proximately or remotely, arises out of or in connection with any of such occurrences, namely :-
(1) Earthquake, volcanic eruption, typhoon, hurricane, tornado, cyclone, or other convulsion of nature or atmospheric disturbance.
(2) War, invasion, act of foreign enemy, hostilities or warlike operations (whether war be declared or not), mutiny, riot, civil commotion, insurrection, rebellion, revolution, conspiracy, military or usurped power, martial law or state of siege, or any of the events or causes which determine the proclamation or maintenance of martial law or state of siege.
Any loss or damage happening during the existence of abnormal conditions (whether physical or otherwise), directly or indirectly, proximately or remotely, occasioned by or contributed to by or arising out of or in connection with any of the said occurrences shall be deemed to be loss or damage which is not covered by this insurance, except to the extent that the Insured shall prove that such loss or damage happened independently of the existence of such abnormal conditions.
In any action, suit or other proceeding, where the Company alleges that by reason of the provisions of this condition any loss or damage is not covered by this insurance, the burden of proving that such loss or damage is covered shall be upon the Insured.
7. Unless otherwise expressly stated in the Policy this insurance does not cover
(a) Goods held in trust or on commission.
(b) Bullion or unset precious stones.
(c) Any curiosity or work of art for an amount exceeding £20.
(d) Manuscripts, plans, drawings, or designs, patterns, models or moulds.
(e) Securities, obligations, or documents of any kind, stamps, coined or paper money, cheques, books of account or other business books.
(f) Coal, against loss or damage occasioned by its own spontaneous combustion.
(g) Explosives.
(h) Any loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of explosion; but loss or damage by explosion of gas used for illuminating or domestic purposes in a building in which gas is not generated and which does not form part of any gas works, will be deemed to be loss by fire within the meaning of this Policy.
(i) Any loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of the burning, whether accidental or otherwise, of forests, bush, prairie, pampas or jungle, and the clearing of lands by fire.
8. Under any of the following circumstances the insurance ceases to attach as regards the property affected unless the Insured, before the occurrence of any loss or damage, obtains the sanction of the Company signified by endorsement upon the Policy, by or on behalf of the Company.
(a) If the trade or manufacture carried on be altered, or if the nature of the occupation of or other circumstances affecting the building insured or containing the insured property be changed in such a way as to increase the risk of loss or damage by fire.
(b) If the building insured or containing the insured property become unoccupied and so remain for a period of more than 30 days.
(c) If property insured be removed to any building or place other than that in which it is herein stated to be insured.
(d) If the interest in the property insured pass from the Insured otherwise than by will or operation of law.
9. This insurance does not cover any loss or damage to property which, at the time of the happening of such loss or damage, is insured by or would, but for the existence of this Policy, be insured by any Marine Policy or Policies except in respect of any excess beyond the amount which would have been payable under the Marine Policy or Policies had this insurance not been insured.
10. This insurance may be terminated at any time at the request of the Insured, in which case the Company will retain the customary short period rate for the time the Policy has been in force. This insurance may also at any time be terminated at the option of the Company, on notice to that effect being given to the Insured, in which case the Company shall be liable to repay on demand a ratable proportion of the premium for the unexpired term from the date of the cancelment.
11. On the happening of any loss or damage the Insured shall forthwith give notice thereof to the Company, and shall within 15 days after the loss or damage, or such further time as the Company may in writing allow in that behalf, deliver to the Company
(a) a claim in writing for the loss and damage containing as particular an account as may be reasonably practicable of all the several articles or items of property damaged or destroyed, and of the amount of the loss or damage thereto respectively, having regard to their value at the time of the loss or damage, not including profit of any kind.
(b) particulars of all other insurances, if any.
The Insured shall also at all times at his own expense produce, procure and give to the Company all such further particulars, plans, specifications, books, vouchers, invoices, duplicates or copies thereof, documents, proofs and information with respect to the claim and the origin and cause of the fire and the circumstances under which the loss or damage occurred, and any matter touching the liability or the amount of the liability of the Company as may be reasonably required by or on behalf of the Company together with a declaration on oath or in other legal form of the truth of the claim and of any matters connected therewith.
No claim under this Policy shall be payable unless the terms of this condition have been complied with.
12. On the happening of any loss or damage to any of the property insured by this Policy, the Company may
(a) enter and take and keep possession of the building or premises where the loss or damage has happened.
(b) take possession of or require to be delivered to it any property of the Insured in the building or on the premises at the time of the loss or damage.
(c) keep possession of any such property and examine, sort, arrange, remove, or otherwise deal with the same.
(d) sell any such property or dispose of the same for account of whom it may concern.
The powers conferred by this Condition shall be exercisable by the Company at any time until notice in writing is given by the Insured that he makes no claim under the Policy or, if any claim is made, until such claim is finally determined or withdrawn, and the Company shall not by any act done in the exercise or purported exercise of its powers hereunder, incur any liability to the Insured or diminish its right to rely upon any of the conditions of this Policy in answer to any claim.
If the Insured or any person on his behalf shall not comply with the requirements of the Company or shall hinder or obstruct the Company in the exercise of its powers hereunder, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
The Insured shall not in any case be entitled to abandon any property to the Company whether taken possession of by the Company or not.
13. If the claim be in any respect fraudulent, or if any false declaration be made or used in support thereof, or if any fraudulent means or devices are used by the Insured or any one acting on his behalf to obtain any benefit under this Policy; or, if the loss or damage be occasioned by the wilful act, or with the connivance of the Insured; or, if the claim be made and rejected and an action or suit be not commenced within three months after such rejection, or (in case of an arbitration taking place in pursuance of the 18th condition of this Policy) within three months after the arbitrator or arbitrators or umpire shall have made their award, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
14. The Company may at its option reinstate or replace the property damaged or destroyed, or any part thereof, instead of paying the amount of the loss or damage, or may join with any other Company or Insurers in so doing, but the Company shall not be bound to reinstate exactly or completely, but only as circumstances permit and in reasonably sufficient manner, and in no case shall the Company be bound to expend more in reinstatement than it would have cost to reinstate such property as it was at the time of the occurrence of such loss or damage, nor more than the sum insured by the Company thereon.
If the Company so elect to reinstate or replace any property the Insured shall, at his own expense, furnish the Company with such plans, specifications, measurements, quantities, and such other particulars as the Company may require, and no acts done, or caused to be done by the Company with a view to reinstatement or replacement shall be deemed an election by the Company to reinstate or replace.
If in any case the Company shall be unable to reinstate or repair the property hereby insured, because of any municipal or other regulations in force affecting the alignment of streets, or the construction of buildings, or otherwise, the Company shall, in every such case, only be liable to pay such sum as would be requisite to reinstate or repair such property if the same could lawfully be reinstated to its former condition.
15. The Insured shall, at the expense of the Company, do, and concur in doing, and permit to be done, all such acts and things as may be necessary or reasonably required by the Company for the purpose of enforcing any rights and remedies, or of obtaining relief or indemnity from other parties to which the Company shall be or would become entitled or subrogated, upon its paying for or making good any loss or damage under this Policy, whether such acts and things shall be or become necessary or required before or after his indemnification by the Company.
16. If at the time of any loss or damage happening to any property hereby insured, there be any other subsisting insurance or insurances, whether effected by the Insured or by any other person or persons, covering the same property, this Company shall not be liable to pay or contribute more than its ratable proportion of such loss or damage.
17. If the property hereby insured shall, at the breaking out of any fire, be collectively of greater value than the sum insured thereon, then the Insured shall be considered as being his own insurer for the difference, and shall bear a ratable proportion of the loss accordingly. Every item, if more than one, of the Policy shall be separately subject to this condition.
18. If any difference arises as to the amount of any loss or damage such difference shall independently of all other questions be referred to the decision of an arbitrator, to be appointed in writing by the parties in difference, or, if they cannot agree upon a single arbitrator, to the decision of two disinterested persons as arbitrators, of whom one shall be appointed in writing by each of the parties within two calendar months after having been required so to do in writing by the other party. In case either party shall refuse or fail to appoint an arbitrator within two calendar months after receipt of notice in writing requiring an appointment, the other party shall be at liberty to appoint a sole arbitrator; and in case of disagreement between the arbitrators, the difference shall be referred to the decision of an umpire who shall have been appointed by them in writing before entering on the reference and who shall sit with the arbitrators and preside at their meetings. The death of any party shall not revoke or affect the authority or powers of the arbitrator, arbitrators or umpire respectively; and in the event of the death of an arbitrator or umpire, another shall in each case be appointed in his stead by the party or arbitrators (as the case may be) by whom the arbitrator or umpire so dying was appointed. The costs of the reference and of the award shall be in the discretion of the arbitrator, arbitrators or umpire making the award. And it is hereby expressly stipulated and declared that it shall be a condition precedent to any right of action or suit upon this Policy that the award by such arbitrator, arbitrators or umpire of the amount of the loss or damage if disputed shall be first obtained.
19. In no case whatever shall the Company be liable for any loss or damage after the expiration of twelve months from the happening of the loss or damage unless the claim is the subject of pending action or arbitration.
20. Every notice and other communication to the Company required by these Conditions must be written or printed.
U.A. 226. 9.33.

Archival unit 48

Guardian Assurance Company
Limited.
Subscribed Capital £ 2,059,971.
Paid up Capital £ 1,024,578.
Established 1821.
INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND.
No.: 7676189
Agency: 'Iraq
SUM INSURED: ID. 1500/-.-
PREMIUM: ID. 18/750.
From: 5th March, 1940.
To: 5th March, 1941.
This Policy of Insurance Witnesseth THAT The Jewish Lay Council, Baghdad.
(hereinafter called the Insured), having paid to the Guardian Assurance Company Limited, of London (hereinafter called the Company), the Premium stated above for insuring against Loss or Damage by Fire (as hereinafter mentioned), the property hereinafter described in the Sum or Sums following, namely :-
'IRAQ DINARS ONE THOUSAND & FIVE HUNDRED ONLY. On the following items:-
1. The building of Khan the property of the Insured brick built with roofs of bricks and/or
mud on chundals (but excluding plinths, foundations and pavements) bearing No.
158/158 and situate at Shorja Street, Baghdad. ... ... ID. 1000/-.-
2. The building of 4 (Four) shops adjoining and forming part of the above Khan ... " 500/-.-
⟦line⟧
1500/-.-
Retail sales are allowed in the above mentioned premises.
Lighting and heating by coal, kerosene oil and electricity allowed.
Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary or any provisions hereof the Company shall in no event be liable for more than the value of the property insured hereby at the time of any loss or damage happening thereto.
Storage of hazardous goods allowed in the above mentioned premises but warranted that no cotton be stored, excepting that the storage of not more than four fully pressed bales of cotton is allowed.
⟦Circular stamp: THE IRAQ INSURANCE OFFICE LTD.⟧
⟦Revenue stamp: IRAQ POSTAGE 10 FILS⟧
The Company hereby agrees with the Insured (but subject to any Conditions hereinbefore contained, and to the Conditions endorsed, all which are to be taken as part of this Policy) that if the Property above described, or any part thereof, shall be destroyed or damaged by fire, at any time between and including the Fifth day of March 19 40, and Four o'clock in the Afternoon of the Fifth day of March 1941, or at any time afterwards, so long as the Insured or his Representatives in Interest (provided that the Interest in this Policy be assigned by and with the consent of the Company or its authorized Agent, but not otherwise) shall pay to the Company or its authorized Agent, and they shall accept the sum required for the renewal of this Policy, on or before the said last-mentioned date, and on or before the expiration of any subsequent period for which this Policy shall be stated in the Renewal Receipt to be renewed, the Company shall pay or make good all such loss or damage to an amount not exceeding in respect of the several matters above specified the sum set opposite thereto respectively, and not exceeding in the whole the sum above mentioned as the sum Insured.
In Witness whereof, we being duly authorized hereunto for and on behalf of the Guardian Assurance Company Limited, have hereunto subscribed our Name, this Fifth day of March One Thousand Nine Hundred and Forty, but hereby fully declaring we are in no way responsible in person or estate under this Insurance, or for any Act done in consequence thereof.
THE IRAQ INSURANCE OFFICE LTD.
For the Guardian Assurance Company Limited,
⟦illegible⟧ per Power of Attorney
Managing Director
February, 1939.
U.A.
226.
The Insured should for his own protection examine the Policy in order to verify the correctness of the description of the Property Insured.

Archival unit 49

Guardian
Assurance Company Limited,
LONDON.
ESTABLISHED 1821.
HEAD OFFICE:
68, KING WILLIAM STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.
No.: 7676189
⟦line⟧: The Jewish Lay Council.
Sum Assured: ID.1500/-.
Premium: ID.18/750.
Expires: 5th March, 1941.
Guardian Assurance Company Limited.
THE CONDITIONS UPON WHICH THIS POLICY IS GRANTED.
1. If there be any material misdescription of any of the property hereby insured, or of any building or place in which such property is contained, or any misrepresentation as to any fact material to be known for estimating the risk, or any omission to state such fact, the Company shall not be liable upon this Policy so far as it relates to property affected by any such misdescription, misrepresentation or omission.
2. No payment in respect of any premium shall be deemed to be payment to the Company unless a printed form of receipt for the same signed by an Official or duly appointed Agent of the Company shall have been given to the Insured.
3. The Insured shall give notice to the Company of any insurance or insurances already effected, or which may subsequently be effected, covering any of the property hereby insured, and unless such notice be given and the particulars of such insurance or insurances be stated in or endorsed on this Policy by or on behalf of the Company before the occurrence of any loss or damage, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
4. All insurance under this Policy
(1) on any building or part of any building,
(2) on any property contained in any building,
(3) on rent or other subject matter of insurance in respect of or in connection with any building or any property contained in any building,
shall cease immediately upon any fall or displacement
(a) of such building or of any part thereof,
(b) of the whole or any part of any range of buildings or of any structure of which such building forms part.
PROVIDED that such fall or displacement is of the whole or a substantial or important part of such building or impairs the usefulness of such building or any part thereof or leaves such building or any part thereof or any property contained therein subject to increased risk of fire or is otherwise material.
AND PROVIDED that such fall or displacement is not caused by fire loss or damage by which is covered by this Policy or would be covered if such building, range of buildings or structure were insured under this Policy.
In any action, suit or other proceeding, the burden of proving that any fall or displacement is caused by fire as aforesaid shall be upon the Insured.
5. This insurance does not cover
(a) Loss by theft during or after the occurrence of a fire.
(b) Loss or damage to property occasioned by its own fermentation, natural heating or spontaneous combustion (except as may be provided in accordance with Condition 7 (f)), or by its undergoing any heating or drying process.
(c) Loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of
(1) The burning of property by order of any public authority.
⟦illegible⟧
6. This insurance does not cover any loss or damage which either in origin or extent is directly or indirectly, proximately or remotely, occasioned by or contributed to by any of the following occurrences, or which, either in origin or extent directly or indirectly, proximately or remotely, arises out of or in connection with any of such occurrences, namely :—
(1) Earthquake, volcanic eruption, typhoon, hurricane, tornado, cyclone, or other convulsion of nature or atmospheric disturbance.
(2) War, invasion, act of foreign enemy, hostilities or warlike operations (whether war be declared or not), mutiny, riot, civil commotion, insurrection, rebellion, revolution, conspiracy, military or usurped power, martial law or state of siege, or any of the events or causes which determine the proclamation or maintenance of martial law or state of siege.
Any loss or damage happening during the existence of abnormal conditions (whether physical or otherwise), directly or indirectly, proximately or remotely, occasioned by or contributed to by or arising out of or in connection with any of the said occurrences shall be deemed to be loss or damage which is not covered by this insurance, except to the extent that the Insured shall prove that such loss or damage happened independently of the existence of such abnormal conditions.
In any action, suit or other proceeding, where the Company alleges that by reason of the provisions of this condition any loss or damage is not covered by this insurance, the burden of proving that such loss or damage is covered shall be upon the Insured.
7. Unless otherwise expressly stated in the Policy this insurance does not cover
(a) Goods held in trust or on commission.
(b) Bullion or unset precious stones.
(c) Any curiosity or work of art for an amount exceeding £20.
(d) Manuscripts, plans, drawings, or designs, patterns, models or moulds.
(e) Securities, obligations, or documents of any kind, stamps, coined or paper money, cheques, books of account or other business books.
(f) Coal, against loss or damage occasioned by its own spontaneous combustion.
(g) Explosives.
(h) Any loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of explosion; but loss or damage by explosion of gas used for illuminating or domestic purposes in a building in which gas is not generated and which does not form part of any gas works, will be deemed to be loss by fire within the meaning of this Policy.
(i) Any loss or damage occasioned by or through or in consequence of the burning, whether accidental or otherwise, of forests, bush, prairie, pampas or jungle, and the clearing of lands by fire.
8. Under any of the following circumstances the insurance ceases to attach as regards the property affected unless the Insured, before the occurrence of any loss or damage, obtains the sanction of the Company signified by endorsement upon the Policy, by or on behalf of the Company.
(a) If the trade or manufacture carried on be altered, or if the nature of the occupation of or other circumstances affecting the building insured or containing the insured property be changed in such a way as to increase the risk of loss or damage by fire.
(b) If the building insured or containing the insured property become unoccupied and so remain for a period of more than 30 days.
(c) If property insured be removed to any building or place other than that in which it is herein stated to be insured.
(d) If the interest in the property insured pass from the Insured otherwise than by will or operation of law.
9. This insurance does not cover any loss or damage to property which, at the time of the happening of such loss or damage, is insured by or would, but for the existence of this Policy, be insured by any Marine Policy or Policies except in respect of any excess beyond the amount which would have been payable under the Marine Policy or Policies had this insurance not been effected.
10. This insurance may be terminated at any time at the request of the Insured, in which case the Company will retain the customary short period rate for the time the Policy has been in force. This insurance may also at any time be terminated at the option of the Company, on notice to that effect being given to the Insured, in which case the Company shall be liable to repay on demand a ratable proportion of the premium for the unexpired term from the date of the cancelment.
11. On the happening of any loss or damage the Insured shall forthwith give notice thereof to the Company, and shall within 15 days after the loss or damage, or such further time as the Company may in writing allow in that behalf, deliver to the Company
(a) a claim in writing for the loss and damage containing as particular an account as may be reasonably practicable of all the several articles or items of property damaged or destroyed, and of the amount of the loss or damage thereto respectively, having regard to their value at the time of the loss or damage, not including profit of any kind.
(b) particulars of all other insurances, if any.
The Insured shall also at all times at his own expense produce, procure and give to the Company all such further particulars, plans, specifications, books, vouchers, invoices, duplicates or copies thereof, documents, proofs and information with respect to the claim and the origin and cause of the fire and the circumstances under which the loss or damage occurred, and any matter touching the liability or the amount of the liability of the Company as may be reasonably required by or on behalf of the Company together with a declaration on oath or in other legal form of the truth of the claim and of any matters connected therewith.
No claim under this Policy shall be payable unless the terms of this condition have been complied with.
12. On the happening of any loss or damage to any of the property insured by this Policy, the Company may
(a) enter and take and keep possession of the building or premises where the loss or damage has happened.
(b) take possession of or require to be delivered to it any property of the Insured in the building or on the premises at the time of the loss or damage.
(c) keep possession of any such property and examine, sort, arrange, remove, or otherwise deal with the same.
(d) sell any such property or dispose of the same for account of whom it may concern.
The powers conferred by this Condition shall be exercisable by the Company at any time until notice in writing is given by the Insured that he makes no claim under the Policy or, if any claim is made, until such claim is finally determined or withdrawn, and the Company shall not by any act done in the exercise or purported exercise of its powers hereunder, incur any liability to the Insured or diminish its right to rely upon any of the conditions of this Policy in answer to any claim.
If the Insured or any person on his behalf shall not comply with the requirements of the Company or shall hinder or obstruct the Company in the exercise of its powers hereunder, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
The Insured shall not in any case be entitled to abandon any property to the Company whether taken possession of by the Company or not.
13. If the claim be in any respect fraudulent, or if any false declaration be made or used in support thereof, or if any fraudulent means or devices are used by the Insured or any one acting on his behalf to obtain any benefit under this Policy; or, if the loss or damage be occasioned by the wilful act, or with the connivance of the Insured; or, if the claim be made and rejected and an action or suit be not commenced within three months after such rejection, or (in case of an arbitration taking place in pursuance of the 18th condition of this Policy) within three months after the arbitrator or arbitrators or umpire shall have made their award, all benefit under this Policy shall be forfeited.
14. The Company may at its option reinstate or replace the property damaged or destroyed, or any part thereof, instead of paying the amount of the loss or damage, or may join with any other Company or Insurers in so doing, but the Company shall not be bound to reinstate exactly or completely, but only as circumstances permit and in reasonably sufficient manner, and in no case shall the Company be bound to expend more in reinstatement than it would have cost to reinstate such property as it was at the time of the occurrence of such loss or damage, nor more than the sum insured by the Company thereon.
If the Company so elect to reinstate or replace any property the Insured shall, at his own expense, furnish the Company with such plans, specifications, measurements, quantities, and such other particulars as the Company may require, and no acts done, or caused to be done by the Company with a view to reinstatement or replacement shall be deemed an election by the Company to reinstate or replace.
If in any case the Company shall be unable to reinstate or repair the property hereby insured, because of any municipal or other regulations in force affecting the alignment of streets, or the construction of buildings, or otherwise, the Company shall, in every such case, only be liable to pay such sum as would be requisite to reinstate or repair such property if the same could lawfully be reinstated to its former condition.
15. The Insured shall, at the expense of the Company, do, and concur in doing, and permit to be done, all such acts and things as may be necessary or reasonably required by the Company for the purpose of enforcing any rights and remedies, or of obtaining relief or indemnity from other parties to which the Company shall be or would become entitled or subrogated, upon its paying for or making good any loss or damage under this Policy, whether such acts and things shall be or become necessary or required before or after his indemnification by the Company.
16. If at the time of any loss or damage happening to any property hereby insured, there be any other subsisting insurance or insurances, whether effected by the Insured or by any other person or persons, covering the same property, this Company shall not be liable to pay or contribute more than its ratable proportion of such loss or damage.
17. If the property hereby insured shall, at the breaking out of any fire, be collectively of greater value than the sum insured thereon, then the Insured shall be considered as being his own insurer for the difference, and shall bear a ratable proportion of the loss accordingly. Every item, if more than one, of the Policy shall be separately subject to this condition.
18. If any difference arises as to the amount of any loss or damage such difference shall independently of all other questions be referred to the decision of an arbitrator, to be appointed in writing by the parties in difference, or, if they cannot agree upon a single arbitrator, to the decision of two disinterested persons as arbitrators, of whom one shall be appointed in writing by each of the parties within two calendar months after having been required so to do in writing by the other party. In case either party shall refuse or fail to appoint an arbitrator within two calendar months after receipt of notice in writing requiring an appointment, the other party shall be at liberty to appoint a sole arbitrator; and in case of disagreement between the arbitrators, the difference shall be referred to the decision of an umpire who shall have been appointed by them in writing before entering on the reference and who shall sit with the arbitrators and preside at their meetings. The death of any party shall not revoke or affect the authority or powers of the arbitrator, arbitrators or umpire respectively; and in the event of the death of an arbitrator or umpire, another shall in each case be appointed in his stead by the party or arbitrators (as the case may be) by whom the arbitrator or umpire so dying was appointed. The costs of the reference and of the award shall be in the discretion of the arbitrator, arbitrators or umpire making the award. And it is hereby expressly stipulated and declared that it shall be a condition precedent to any right of action or suit upon this Policy that the award by such arbitrator, arbitrators or umpire of the amount of the loss or damage if disputed shall be first obtained.
19. In no case whatever shall the Company be liable for any loss or damage after the expiration of twelve months from the happening of the loss or damage unless the claim is the subject of pending action or arbitration.
20. Every notice and other communication to the Company required by these Conditions must be written or printed.
U.A. 226. 9.33.