Voices from the Archive

IJA 3736

Marriage and Divorce Cases, Jewish Religious Court; Student Rosters, Correspondence, Baghdadi Jewish Schools

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Description

This is archival material from the Baghdadi Jewish community. The first part contains correspondence from 1929-1931 regarding marriage and divorce cases; the Jewish Religious Court dealt with family laws cases such as alimony, provisions for the wife based on Jewish marriage laws, death of spouses, and divorce. The second part contains ledgers and student rosters from the Society of Arts and Culture, correspondence from the Frank Iny and Shamash Secondary Schools, and a letter of recommendation for a scholarship application from 1968-1970.

Metadata

Archive Reference
IJA 3736
Item Number
10159
Date
Approx. January 1, 1921 to December 31, 1930
Languages
Multiple Languages
Keywords
Al-Mansour High School, Annotation, Baghdad College, Chart, Chief Rabbi, Correspondence, Death, Divorce, Divorce Certificate, Financial, Form, Frank Iny School, General Certificate of Education Overseas, Handwritten, High School, Inheritance, Ink Stamps, Iraq State Baccalaureate Examination, Jewish Law, Jewish Religious Court, Judeo-Arabic, Law Enforcement, Legal, Letterhead, Marriage, Menahem S. Daniel's School, Newspaper, Office of Education – Baghdad, Photograph, President of the Jewish Community, Public School, Receipt, Revenue Stamps, School Material, Shamash Secondary School, Sisters' Primary School, Society of Arts and Culture, Students, Typed, University of London

AI English Translation, Pages 76-100

Archival unit 76

Hahambashi
The Chief Rabbi
of The Jewish Community, Baghdad
of The Jewish Community,
Baghdad
Telephone: 200 Central.
No. 1114 - A
Date: 16 March 1931
16 / 3 / 1931
Subject
Plaintiff: Hanna Heskel Isaac (represented by Manshi Effendi)
Defendant: Gurji Daoud Salem
Manshi Effendi, representing the plaintiff Hanna Heskel Isaac, approached the Spiritual Court and claimed that his client's husband refused to provide her with shelter. During the face-to-face hearing, it became apparent to the court that this refusal was not based on any legal religious reason. Therefore, after verifying his earnings, the court imposed a monthly alimony of twenty-one rupees on the husband, Gurji Daoud Salem, to be received by his wife Hanna Heskel Isaac starting from September 28, 1930, following the issuance of the above judgment 4.
The Religious Court of Justice for the Jewish Community of Baghdad
The Court of the Jewish Community in Baghdad
1931
Acting Chief Rabbi

Archival unit 77

* The Righteous Court of the Holy City of Baghdad *
Baghdad, may God protect it
The Israelite Spiritual Court in Baghdad
JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT
BAGHDAD
⟦line⟧
Number: 206
No.:
Date: 26 Adar 91
Year: 569
To the Office of the Jewish Community Administration in Baghdad
Subject: Decision
According to the request of Mr. Hezekiah Kashani and in accordance with our ruling from
today 26 Adar ⟦...⟧ 91 we have decided that the aforementioned Mr. Hezekiah must pay Mr.
Abraham Eliyahu a sum of a Dinar and a half (1.500) every single month, starting
from the day 1 March 1931.
Ezra Dangoor
Acting Head of the Court
Copy: To Mr. Abraham Eliyahu for his information.
⟦illegible stamp⟧

Archival unit 78

1115 - 10
May 15, 1931
Plaintiff: Shatrah daughter of Ezra Shakarji
Defendant: Ishaq son of Salman House No. 47/91 ⟦Mahous⟧ neighborhood
Saleh Shlomo, the attorney of the named Shatrah daughter of Ezra,
Shakarji, appeared before the Spiritual Court claiming that his client's fiancé Ishaq son of Salman refused to marry her, and during
the face-to-face proceedings it became clear to the court that the refusal of the mentioned defendant Ishaq to
marry his fiancée was not based on a legal reason, therefore the court imposed on him
after verifying his earnings a monthly alimony of ten rupees to be received by the fiancée
Shatrah daughter of Ezra Shakarji starting from April 19, 1931
And this judgment was issued as a notification.
⟦The Mosaic Spiritual Court in Baghdad⟧
Beth Din Tzedek
Baghdad
Hakham Bashi
Baghdad
Acting Chief Rabbi

Archival unit 80

11-1116
May 13, 1931
Plaintiff: Naeema daughter of Khadouri
Defendant: Ibrahim Daoud Kabbay - Erbil
Naeema daughter of Khadouri approached the Israeli Spiritual Court claiming
that her husband Ibrahim Daoud Kabbay, residing in Erbil, refuses to support her.
Since the court had notified the defendant of the necessity to appear before the court
for the proceedings and he did not comply with the order, it has imposed upon him, after verifying his earnings, a monthly
alimony of fifteen Rupees to be received by the wife Naeema daughter of Khadouri
starting from March 15, 1931.
Therefore, this final judgment was issued as a notification;
⟦Avraham H. Eliyahu⟧
Acting Chief Rabbi of Baghdad
⟦Baghdad⟧
Acting Chief Rabbi

Archival unit 81

* The Righteous Court of the Jewish Community *
Baghdad, may God protect it
Jewish Spiritual Court in Baghdad
JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT
BAGHDAD
⟦line⟧
Number:
Date: 26 Adar I ⟦...⟧
Year: 569
No.:
To the honorable management of the Holy Community of Baghdad
May it be protected and exalted
To my longing, the Manager, the honorable Abraham Ezra shall say
son of Ezekiel David and his wife ⟦...⟧ Rachel daughter of ⟦...⟧
They were: Ezra Kahana, Nissim, Salman Ezra and the youth
Elias Salman
Menachem Ezra
⟦illegible circular stamp with Hebrew and Arabic text⟧

Archival unit 82

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JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT
BAGHDAD
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Archival unit 83

1117 / A
19 May year 1931
Plaintiff: Daoud Yona Arwili
Defendant: Lulu daughter of Ibrahim Shalom
Based on the fact that Daoud Yona Arwili has divorced his wife Lulu daughter of Ibrahim
Shalom on 26 Iyar year 5691 (corresponding to 13 May year 1931) therefore
the Spiritual Court has decided to annul the alimony decree held by the defendant
starting from 13 May year 1931
And this face-to-face judgment was issued to be in the hands of the plaintiff ⟦for his use⟧
⟦illegible Hebrew⟧
⟦Hakham Bashi⟧
⟦Baghdad⟧
Acting Chief Rabbi

Archival unit 84

* The Jewish Religious Court in the City of *
Baghdad, may God protect it
Jewish Spiritual Court in Baghdad
JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT
BAGHDAD
Number: 281
No.:
Date: 9 Sivan
Year: 5691 91
Nahum son of Isaac Kuwaitika with his wife Cohen - regarding her investigation
established and signed
The aforementioned husband Nahum and the woman H. daughter of Isaac Cohen came to court of their own accord
from the marriage and he released her with a divorce document according to the Law of Moses and Israel and after it was written on Tuesday 91
Sivan and they accepted the judgment and he returned the documents between them from 24 Sivan ⟦...⟧ 20 ⟦...⟧
⟦...⟧
The humble servant Shlomo
Hazann Abed
⟦...⟧

Archival unit 85

The Court of Justice of the Community
Baghdad, may God protect it
Y.K.B.Ts (May it be established and built soon)
The Israelite Spiritual Court in Baghdad
JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT
BAGHDAD
⟦line⟧
Number:
With the help of Heaven
Before us, the undersigned members of the court, it was clarified as follows as mentioned herein ⟦illegible⟧
Before us on Thursday ⟦illegible⟧ 28 Elul ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧
27 ⟦illegible⟧ 950
Matter between ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ 27 ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧ ⟦illegible⟧
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4 ⟦illegible⟧ 85
Number 802 / June 950
On the date of 27 March 950, he appeared before the Spiritual Court of his own free will and claimed that he ⟦illegible⟧ current situation
And a change has occurred in his earnings, and therefore he is unable to pay the monthly alimony imposed on him for his wife
Lulu daughter of Daoud Salawi, in the amount of sixty rupees per month. When his aforementioned presence was established
During the proceedings and hearing of evidence, the request was decided for twenty-five rupees of the mentioned alimony amount
And the remainder is reduced, and it shall be [thirty-five] rupees monthly, starting from 27 March 950.
Accordingly, this decision was given to cancel the previous notification issued on 4 September 947 and replace it with 802
And to implement the ruling of this notification starting from the date of its communication.
⟦illegible stamp⟧

Archival unit 86

The Rabbinical Court of Justice of the City of
Baghdad, May G-d Protect It
May G-d Establish and Rebuild It
The Jewish Spiritual Court in Baghdad
JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT
BAGHDAD
Number
To the Honorable Head of the Sharia Execution Department in Baghdad, May G-d Protect Him
Greetings,
On Tuesday, 4th of Av, 5689
We are writing this day, having received the woman Lulu daughter of Abraham Daoud Salawi, clarified from her husband Sassoon Eliyahu
Hasid, who canceled our ruling issued by our court in Baghdad on 2nd of Shevat ~ in her favor for alimony in the amount of twenty rupees
per month, by canceling her lawsuit and all claims for alimony against her husband Sassoon Eliyahu, may they live in peace
⟦illegible⟧
Number 805 / 929
Head of the Sharia Execution Department
After greetings, we note to your Excellency herewith the retrial regarding the dispute existing
between him and his wife Lulu Daoud Salawi, which required stopping the collection of the notice issued
regarding alimony dated 4 August 929 and handing it over at the number recorded for us following the
lawsuit ⟦line⟧ Head of the Jewish Spiritual Court and sealed with peace

Archival unit 87

The Righteous Court of the Holy Community
Baghdad, may God protect it
Number
Jewish Spiritual Court in Baghdad
JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT
BAGHDAD
[line]
Before us, David son of Ezra M. H. H. Cohen said to us (he is currently staying in Baghdad) since it has become clear to us that his name is Ezra Ha-Cohen
[illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

Archival unit 88

Number 697 / 10 O God 921
Head of the First Instance [Court] regarding the annulment of the wage notification in the manner shown
in the amount of ⟦180/000⟧ from 20 June 945 and the reinstatement of the procedures
of the previous notification in the amount of ⟦100/000⟧ ⟦until⟧ on ⟦14⟧ ⟦July⟧ 921
⟦illegible⟧

Archival unit 89

The Righteous Court of the Holy City
Baghdad
The Israelite Spiritual Court in Baghdad
JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT
BAGHDAD
Before us, the undersigned Court, came Mrs. Dora daughter of Isaac Kadouri and said that her husband Moshe
Moshe Shlomo Kadouri died in Baghdad
And so, on Thursday, 12th of Adar I, the year 5711, appeared before us, the undersigned Court, Mrs. Dora
daughter of Isaac Kadouri and said that her husband Moshe Shlomo Kadouri passed away on the 11th of Adar I, the year 5711
and left heirs according to the law: 1) his aforementioned wife Dora daughter of Isaac Kadouri 2) his daughter Samira —
daughter of Moshe Shlomo Kadouri who was born on the 25th of Adar I, the year 5708 3) his son Salman who was born
on the 16th of Nisan, the year 5709 4) his son Salim who was born on the 21st of Tishrei, the year 1951
And so, they gave her permission to sell the house located in Baghdad in the neighborhood of Tauret al-Yahud
No. 1/191 registered in the Tabu in the name of the deceased Moshe Shlomo Kadouri aforementioned and to receive its proceeds —
since she is the guardian of the aforementioned orphans according to the appointment given to her by this court
on the 26th of Tishrei, the year 5712 and to receive the sale proceeds from the buyer and to sign all
the necessary documents in the Tabu and in any other place and to receive the aforementioned sale proceeds
and to pay from them the debts of the deceased if there are any and the remainder shall be kept in her hand for the benefit of
the aforementioned orphans and all this was done before us on the 28th of Adar I, the year 5711
and everything is valid and established —
Sassoon Kadouri
Isaac Hayyim
⟦illegible⟧
1951
Shlomo Kadouri
Isaac Kadouri
Baghdad
⟦illegible⟧
499

Archival unit 90

HP
⟦illegible⟧ that contains what is known of worship from it, living, and all of it is gold in the presence of the religion, the famous
in Baghdad and others, on the second day corresponding to the sixteenth of the month of Tishrei, the year 5684 (1923)
by which we are accustomed to the counting of documents, the counting we are accustomed to here in Baghdad, which is situated on the Tigris River,
how the honored young man, the honor of our teacher and rabbi, Ezra son of Abraham son of Isaac son of Abraham son of Isaac
famous by the name ⟦...⟧ said to this beautiful and pious virgin, Mrs. Flora daughter of
Mrs. Miriam daughter of Abraham son of Isaac son of Abraham son of Isaac, famous by the name ⟦...⟧: Be my wife according to the law of Moses and Israel,
and I will work, honor, nourish, and support you according to the custom of Jewish men who work, honor, nourish, and support
their wives in truth; and I give you the dowry of your virginity, two hundred silver zuzim, which is due to you from the Torah, and your food,
your clothing, your necessities, and to live with you according to the way of all the earth. And this Mrs. Flora consented and became his wife.
And this is the dowry she brought to him from her father's house, whether in silver, gold, jewelry, clothing,
household utensils, or bedding; all of this Ezra, our groom, accepted upon himself for one hundred Ottoman
paper pounds. And Ezra, our groom, consented and added from his own for her, over the core of her Ketubah, one hundred Ottoman
paper pounds. Thus the total of this Ketubah, including the core, the dowry, and the addition, is two hundred Ottoman
paper pounds ⟦...⟧
⟦illegible⟧ necessary for his guardianship ⟦illegible⟧
Dated ⟦...⟧ number ⟦...⟧ gave notice of the legal alimony for ⟦...⟧
⟦...⟧ in the amount of one hundred Rupees monthly ⟦...⟧ and it was today
The wife resided ⟦...⟧ for his guardianship, she appeared before the Sharia Court ⟦...⟧ in the court
mentioned ⟦...⟧ in the mentioned Sharia Court ⟦...⟧
And she contracted a second marriage with another without legal permission, and it had been ruled
regarding her husband ⟦...⟧ from the date of departure, and his aforementioned funds were cut off from him
⟦...⟧ the disclosure of his funds, it was decided to notify in the aforementioned capacity
⟦...⟧

Archival unit 91

4
Before us, we the undersigned of the Court of Justice here in Baghdad, may God protect it,
appeared before us Mrs. Hanna daughter of Ezekiel ⟦...⟧ widow of the late Isaac son of Ezra ⟦...⟧ and said to us that she
forgives and waives and releases the estate of her aforementioned late husband from any claim and demand she has against him
and specifically from her marriage contract and its supplement, and her maintenance and housing, and all that is due to her from him and his estate whether in life or after death
a complete and final waiver from now until eternity, and she has no claim or demand against him or his heirs at all
neither in a Jewish court nor in the secular courts, and any claim she may plead against them is null and void
like a broken potsherd and like something of no substance, and we performed with her a complete and total formal acquisition via a kerchief regarding all the above
with a vessel fit for acquisition, and all this was done with a whole heart and a willing soul without any duress or coercion at all
Baghdad 29 Adar I, the year 5689 [1929]
The writing was verified on the date
11 March 929
President
⟦signature⟧

Archival unit 92

Before us came David son of Meshullam Mi-Shawood and his wife Hannah daughter of Raphael M. Habib and confessed before us a complete confession
that they received and took everything from the Rabbi Hacham Abraham Ha-Levi, may his soul rest in Eden, 113 notes and this is it. And this belongs from 8 months
17 Cheshvan the year ⟦...⟧ for the year ⟦...⟧ here in Baghdad today, Sunday, 28 Adar, 19 Adar II
the year ⟦...⟧
The servant of God Isaac Abraham
S.T.
May his Rock and Redeemer preserve him
The servant of God Isaac
Chaim
May his Rock and Redeemer preserve him
The servant of God Sassoon
Mordechai
May his Rock and Redeemer preserve him
⟦illegible⟧

Archival unit 93

Number
242
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Archival unit 94

41
The Honorable President of the Mosaic Spiritual Council
Baghdad
After greetings, Khedhouri Yehuda Tweig has submitted a petition complaining about the alimony issued
against him - and mentioned that what the petitioner earns does not exceed ninety rupees monthly
while you have assigned him an amount of one hundred and eighty rupees monthly. So I request you to kindly inform me
of the reasons that led you to judge him with this alimony ⟦?⟧
⟦...⟧
On behalf of the Minister of Justice
⟦...⟧
In response to your letter ⟦...⟧ that the petitioner Khedhouri Yehuda Tweig
had left his wife Lulwa Daoud Al-Lawi without support for several years while residing in Bombay. After his return to Baghdad,
a reconciliation was achieved between them on the condition of living in a legal house, and witnessed upon that
⟦illegible⟧

Archival unit 95

⟦illegible⟧
To the honor of the Committee of the Jewish Community in Baghdad, may God protect it
After seeking peace and blessing as is proper and lawful, it is appropriate to inform you that on the day ⟦...⟧ of the month ⟦...⟧ of the year ⟦...⟧
There came before us, the undersigned, known as the Court of Justice in Baghdad, may God protect it, and there testified before us fit and faithful witnesses
for every holy matter, and they are Mr. ⟦...⟧ son of ⟦...⟧ and Mr. ⟦...⟧ son of ⟦...⟧ and they said with a full mouth and clear tongue and with a severe oath
by the knowledge of the Omnipresent and the knowledge of the community and our knowledge, we the aforementioned Court of Justice, that the woman ⟦...⟧ daughter of ⟦...⟧
wife of Mr. ⟦...⟧ son of ⟦...⟧ who traveled to the country of ⟦...⟧ several years ago and his tracks are unknown and she has no information from him
at all whether he is alive or, God forbid, passed away to his eternal home, and that she remains a deserted wife (Agunah) and has no support or stay
or livelihood, and all her sustenance and that of her small children is upon her, and she has no ability to earn or profit enough for her sustenance and the sustenance of her children
aforementioned, and therefore she requested from us, the aforementioned Court of Justice, to give her a certificate testifying to her dismal and poor situation
so that she may submit it before the Committee of the Jewish Community in Baghdad, may God protect it, so that they may have pity on her and her small children
and help them with some monthly or one-time assistance according to your good and merciful sight so that they do not perish from hunger
God forbid, and we hereby confirm that the words of the aforementioned witnesses are truth and justice and are worthy to be relied upon
in every matter and thing, and this was on the day ⟦...⟧ of the month ⟦...⟧ of the year ⟦...⟧
681
17 August 921
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Archival unit 96

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Archival unit 97

Plaintiff :: Habiba bint Harun
Defendant :: Sion Yosef Karji
Habiba bint Harun petitioned the Spiritual Court claiming that her fiancé Sion Yosef
refuses to marry her without a legal reason. The court notified the aforementioned Sion Yosef Karji of the necessity
to appear for the proceedings before it, but he did not comply with the request. Therefore, the court has imposed upon him, after verifying
his earnings, a monthly alimony of eight rupees to be received by his fiancée Habiba bint Harun, effective
from 4 Sivan [Hebrew] year 5691 corresponding to May 20, 1931.
⟦signature⟧
⟦illegible⟧
Beth Din ⟦illegible⟧
Acting Chief Rabbi

Archival unit 98

* The Rabbinical Court of Baghdad *
Baghdad, may God protect it
Jewish Spiritual Court in Baghdad
JEWISH RELIGIOUS COURT
BAGHDAD
Number
Date 27 Marheshvan
Year 5691
To the Honorable Justice of the Peace in Baghdad, may his Rock and Redeemer protect him
With the help of God, may His name be praised
We have found written in the marriage contract registry of this court from the year 5687, and this is the text
of the Ketubah of the couple Eliyahu son of Saleh Kalaf and Rachel daughter of Abraham Yosef Levi of our community Baghdad, may God protect it, on Wednesday
the sixteenth day of the month of Adar Rishon, the year five thousand six hundred and eighty-seven from the creation
of the world, according to the count we use here in Baghdad, may God protect it, how the groom Eliyahu son of Saleh Kalaf said to her, this
virgin Rachel daughter of Abraham Yosef Levi: "Be my wife according to the law of Moses and Israel, and I, by the word of Heaven,
will work, honor, nourish, and support you in the manner of Jewish men who work, honor, nourish, and support
their wives in truth; and I give you the dower of your virginity, two hundred silver zuzim, which are due to you by Torah law,
and your food, your clothing, and your necessities, and I will live with you in the way of all the earth." And Ms. Rachel,
this virgin, consented and became his wife. And this is the dowry she brought to him from her father's house, a total sum of
one hundred rupees. And Eliyahu, our groom, consented and added from his own another total of one hundred rupees,
the total being two hundred rupees. And thus said Eliyahu, our groom: "The responsibility for this Ketubah document,
this dowry, and this addition, I take upon myself and my heirs after me, to be paid from all the best
properties and possessions that I have under all the heavens, which I have acquired or which I will acquire,
properties that have security and those that do not have security, all of them shall be responsible and collateral
to pay from them this Ketubah document, this dowry, and this addition, even from the cloak
on my shoulders, during my life and after my death, from this day and forever." And the responsibility for this Ketubah document,
this dowry, and this addition was accepted by Eliyahu, our groom, with the rigor of all Ketubah
documents and additions customary for the daughters of Israel, made according to the regulation of our Sages, of blessed memory, not
as a mere promise and not as a form-letter. And we performed an act of acquisition from Eliyahu, our groom, to Ms. Rachel,
this virgin, regarding all that is written and specified above, with a vessel fit for performing an acquisition.
And everything is valid and established.
Attested by: Saleh Eliyahu Kalaf
Attested by: Abraham Yosef Levi
Attested by: Yosef Hayyim Shimon
Attested by: Isaac Abraham Solomon
The humble
Salman Hugi Aboudi
May his end be good

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High School
Private Arts and Culture Association
Morning Session
Student Photograph
Student Name:
General Registration Record Number:
File Number:
Registration Date | Grade Admitted Into | Result | Signature | Notes
Information from the Military Service Book
Arrived for attendance on date
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Archival unit 100

Admission Form
Student Name:
Father's name and family surname:
Father's profession:
Name of the student's guardian:
Address of the student's guardian:
Place and date of birth:
Last school attended:
Last grade completed:
Student's height:
Distinguishing marks:
Telephone number:
Student's signature:
Student's guardian signature:
Remarks: