Voices from the Archive

IJA 3079

Financial Transaction, Insurance Policies, Baghdadi Jewish Community

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Description

These are financial documents from the Administrative Committee for Iraqi Jews including financial transaction receipts, bills, and tax records. Receipts are for newspaper and journal advertisements, pharmacies and doctors, taxis, books and stationary, utilities, accountants, plane and train tickets, and insurance policies. There is also correspondence from the Administrative Committee for Iraqi Jews to various Jewish schools, reports on Jewish community holdings, such as the synagogues and charitable endowments, and the distribution of charitable funds, and correspondence with the government regarding property taxes.

Metadata

Archive Reference
IJA 3079
Item Number
2778
Date
Approx. January 1, 1961 to December 31, 1970
Languages
Arabic
Keywords
Accounting, Administrative Committee for Iraqi Jews, Advertisement, Al-Rāfadīn Bank, Annotation, Baghdadi Jewish Community, Bank Note, Bank of the East, Britain, Charity, Correspondence, Doctors, Endowment, Ezra Menahem Daniel, Financial, First Court of Baghdad, Frank Iny School, Hakham Sassoon Khedouri, Handwritten, Heskel Menahem Daniel, Hospital, Ink Stamp, Insurance, Invoice, Iraqi Government, Iraqi State Railways, Ledger, Letterhead, Medicine, Meir Eliyahu Synagogue, Menahem S. Daniel, Menahem S. Daniel's School, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Justice, Office of Education – Baghdad, Office of Telephone Administration, Personal Letterhead, Pharmacy, Printed Text, Property Tax, Railways, Receipts, Revenue Stamp, Shamash Secondary School, Society of Water, Stamps, Sun Crest, Synagogue, Tax, Taxi, Thumbprint, Typed, Waqf

AI en Translation, Pages 326-350

Page 327

Dakhil Hussain & Salim Muhsin          Dakhil Hussain & Salim Muhsin
General Electrical Supplies             General Electrical Supplies
Rashid St. Opp. Shorjah 226/1          Rashid St. Opp. Shorjah 226/1
Tel. [ Showroom 83313                  Tel. [ Showroom 83313
[ Store    80354                        [ Store    80354
Baghdad   /   / 196          Baghdad on   /   / 196
Mr. Ani
Fluorescent ⟦nipple⟧ ⟦camel⟧ quantity 3
1200
Dynamo wire two hundred and twenty ⟦...⟧ 7
880
Switch one
150
Round with square
110
Wire ⟦plug⟧ ⟦...⟧
140
Only two Dinars four hundred and eighty fils
2/480
⟦signature⟧
On their behalf
⟦signature⟧

Page 328

Presidency of the Administrative Committee
for Iraqi Jews
Baghdad
Number: 13
Date: 3 / 1 / 1970
Fils: 250
Dinar: 27
Signature of the Collector
⟦signature⟧
Iraqi Republic
10 Fils
Revenue Stamp
Book Number 322178
Accounting 37a
Receipts for Drachms Collected for the Government
Name of Department: Presidency of the Committee ⟦...⟧
Fils / Dinar: - / 250
Number: 25
Received from: ⟦...⟧
Amount: ⟦...⟧ Dinars and ⟦...⟧ Fils
On account of: ⟦...⟧
Dated: ⟦...⟧
Signature of the Collector
Job Title
Book Number 325153
Accounting 37
Receipts for Drachms Collected for the Government
Name of Department: Baghdad
Fils / Dinar: - / 800
Number: 76
Received from: Committee ⟦...⟧
Amount: ⟦...⟧ Dinars and ⟦...⟧ Fils
On account of: ⟦...⟧
Dated: 20 / 5 / 970
Signature of the Collector
Job Title
Dakhu ⟦...⟧ Hussain
Dental Supplier
Rashid St. No. 405/1
Baghdad - Iraq
Phone 83273
Cable: ⟦...⟧
94
117
40
21
61
⟦line⟧
333
15
⟦line⟧
318
⟦faded handwritten text in blue ink, largely illegible⟧

Page 329

Volume Number:
Accounting 37:
Serial: 326926
Receipts for Dirhams Collected for the Government:
Department Name: Management Committee for Jewish Community Affairs
Fils/Dinar: 1250 / -
Number: 33 / 9242
Received from: Mr. ⟦...⟧
Amount: One dinar and two hundred fifty fils
On account of: ⟦...⟧
Date: 5 / 9 / 1950
Signature of the Collector: ⟦signature⟧
Job Title:
In ⟦...⟧
Management Committee for Jewish Community Affairs
Baghdad
Number ⟦...⟧
Date ⟦...⟧
⟦...⟧

Page 330

The Two Lawyers
Hassan Abdullah Mazhar
Shaul Moussa
No. 2 K / 963
Date 2 / 1 / 964
To the Honorable Chairman of the Administrative Committee for Iraqi Jews
Greetings and respect,
We list below the expenses for the lawsuits you entrusted to us along with the fees and salaries due to us,
which total (102/370 Dinars) only one hundred and two Dinars and three hundred and seventy Fils, starting from
the date 12/1/963 until 1/2/964.
Please accept our highest gratitude and respect.
1 - Khanjan Muhammad Yar, Lawsuit No. 88 / 63 (Churches Endowment):
Dinar | Fils
5 | 000 Arrears fees.
2 - Khanjan Muhammad Yar, Lawsuit No. 89 / 63
Dinar | Fils
00 | 500 Execution fee, receipt / 45 12/10/63
3 - Khanjan Muhammad Yar, Lawsuit No. 91 / 63:
Dinar | Fils
00 | 500 Execution fee, receipt / 45 12/10
4 - Khanjan Muhammad Yar, Lawsuit No. 1346 / 63
Dinar | Fils
0 | 100 Notification fee, receipt / 76 12/5
0 | 100 Legal notice stamps 12/5
⟦line⟧
0 | 200
5 - Abbas Khalaf Al-Sabbagh, Lawsuit No. 4511 / 63 (Midrash Endowment):
Dinar | Fils
12 | 500 Arrears fees.
To be continued
⟦illegible⟧

Page 331

- 2 -
6 - Jassim Mohammed Al-Jamil and Karim Jassim Case No. 6613 / 63
Hadith
Fils | Dinar
500 | 12 | Late fees.
7 - Abdul Jabbar Hassoun Case No. 2827 / 63
Naim Ma Yad
Fils | Dinar
050 | 00 | Stamp for the waiver petition | 9 / 12 / 63
8 - ⟦Majid⟧ Jassim Mohammed (Madras Endowment)
Fils | Dinar
000 | 25 | Attorney fees.
9 - Emile Saleh Shlomo (Ezra Endowment)
Fils | Dinar
050 | 00 | Stamp for the statement of claim | 4 / 12
10 - Emile Saleh Shlomo (Menahem and Sassoon Endowment)
Fils | Dinar
050 | 00 | Stamp for the statement of claim | 4 / 12
11 - Warning of Shihab Al-Obaidi (⟦Obaida⟧ Building)
Fils | Dinar
100 | 00 | Warning stamps | 5 / 12
250 | 00 | Warning fee receipt / 23 | 5 / 12
⟦line⟧ | ⟦line⟧ |  |
250 |  |  |
12 - Salaries:
Fils | Dinar
000 | 40 | Salary for the month of December / 63
13 - Miscellaneous:
Fils | Dinar
670 | 05 | Miscellaneous expenses, external printing, and other sundries.
To be continued

Page 334

Faidhi Hospital
Baghdad - Alwiya
Tel. 90081
Faidhi Hospital
Baghdad — Alwiya
Telephone: 90081
Receipt
Dr. ⟦line⟧
I have received from the Jewish Community in Baghdad
the sum of (48/600) forty-eight dinars
and six hundred fils, for the treatment of Mr. Daoud Haroun
including doctors' fees, and I have signed accordingly
Republic of Iraq
10 Fils
Revenue Stamp
Faidhi Hospital
Number ⟦line⟧
Date 5 / 1 / 1964
⟦signature scribble⟧

Page 335

Faidi Hospital
For Dr. Abdul Hamid Faidi
No. 1057
Baghdad: Al-Alwiya - Al-Nidhal Street
Telephone: Switchboard 90081
Baghdad on: 24 / 12 / 1972
Room number and grade: 26 second
Record number: 1894
Treatment fees list: Mr. Daoud Haroun (via the Mosaic Community)
Fils | Dinar | Details
- | 15 | Surgery fee for Dr. Ghanim Akrawi
|  | Assistant surgeon fee
- | 5 | Anesthesia fee for Dr. Suleiman Touma
- | 2 | Operating room fee <del>or delivery room</del>
- | 2 | <del>Generator</del> X-ray fee (twice)
- | 9 | Accommodation fee for 2 days starting from 22 / 12 to 24 / 12
|  | Companion accommodation fee
- | 2 | Price of 11 ampoules, medicines, and pills
|  | Laboratory analyses in the hospital number ⟦line⟧ and in laboratory ⟦line⟧ number
500 | 4 | Dressing and plaster
|  | Additional meals, refreshments, television, telephone calls, and private refrigerator
Total only: Forty-eight dinars and six hundred fils
⟦...⟧ | 48 | Total only
|  | Deposits
⟦...⟧ | 48 | The balance
⟦signature⟧
Accountant
⟦stamp faded⟧

Page 336

Presidency of the Administrative Committee
for Iraqi Jews
Baghdad
★
Number ⟦line⟧
Date 21 / 12 / 196
Fils | Dinars
220 | 553
I received from the accountant of the Administrative Committee for Iraqi Jews in Baghdad the amount mentioned above, totaling:
Only: Five hundred and fifty-three dinars and two hundred and twenty fils
Regarding: School expenses for the month of December 62
Republic of Iraq
10
Revenue Stamp | Fils
Marcelle Daoud
121

Page 337

Volume Number: 45
Header Text: 65263 State Funds Collection Receipt Accounting 38
Department Name: Directorate General of Revenue
Fils | Dinars | Type of Fees | Year the fees belong to | Installment
210 | 588 | Additional Vacant Land Tax | 1960 | -
|  | regarding the real estate | 1961 |
|  | shown in the list |  |
|  | attached herewith |  |
I have received from: Committee for the Management of Frozen Funds
The amount written above being: 588 Dinars and 210 Fils
Signature of the Collector: ⟦signature⟧
Job Title: Collector
Dated: 25 / 12 / 962
Baghdad 22 / 12 / 1962
To the Committee for the Management of Frozen Funds
Your Excellence is requested to approve the payment of an amount of 588/210 five hundred eighty-eight Dinars
and two hundred and ten Fils ⟦illegible⟧ Additional Vacant Land Tax for the year 1960
until 31 / 3 / 1961 for the endowments listed below with the details of the amounts against each of them and thank you
Fils | Dinars
For Midrash Endowments | 200 | 120
Eliezer Khedhouri Endowments | 680 | 52
Jewish Community Endowments | 620 | 18
Trustee of Rachel Hayyim Endowments | 570 | -
Menashe Shaul Kikli Endowments | 720 | 27
Menashe Saleh Endowments | 050 | 19
Trustee of Al-Mashi Endowments | ⟦...⟧ | 256
Hakham Heskel Yehuda Larry Endowments | 360 | 92
⟦line⟧ | ⟦line⟧ | ⟦line⟧
| 210 | 588
Only five hundred eighty-eight Dinars and two hundred and ten Fils
⟦signature⟧
22 / 12 / 962
⟦faded document bottom left⟧
Baghdad on ⟦illegible⟧
To the Committee ⟦illegible⟧
Please ⟦illegible⟧
⟦illegible table/list⟧
Only ⟦illegible⟧

Page 338

Form D. A. (3)
Ministry of Finance
General Directorate of Revenue
Number 1292 / 1256
Date 22 / 10 / 1962
Calculation Note (Additional Property Tax)
Year 1960 Estimates / Estimated
Name of Taxpayer: Samuel Ohan ⟦Alexander⟧
Full Address: Second Floor - Al-Rashid
Place of Residence (Quarter):
Primary Place of Work:
Governorate or District or Sub-district:
Taxpayer's Profession:
Street Number | Door Number | Tapu Sequence | Property Location - Quarter | Property Type and Description | Estimated Annual Property Income Fils | Estimated Annual Property Income Dinar | Annual Property Income upon change in estimate Fils | Annual Property Income upon change in estimate Dinar | Taxpayer's income from shared property Fils | Taxpayer's income from shared property Dinar | Remarks
|  |  | Al-Muallaqat Building in Al-Rashid | and ⟦Rental Income⟧ | - | 7750 |  |  |  |  | Private
Total Annual Income | - | 7750
Personal Allowance Deduction | ⟦line⟧ | 300
Total Annual Income Subject to Property Tax according to the following details | - | 7450
Fils | Dinar | Tax Rate | Tax Amount Fils | Tax Amount Dinar
- | 700 | 3 % | - | 21
- | 1000 | 6 % | - | 60
- | 5750 | 10 % | - | 575
|  | 15 % |  |
- | 7450 | Total | - | 656
General Remarks
Property Tax Office / Rusafa
⟦signature⟧
10/22

Page 339

Ledger Number 65263
State Funds Collection Receipt
Accounting 38
Number 43
Department Name: ⟦Rusafa Collection⟧
Fils | Dinar | Fee Type | Year to which the fees belong | Installment
190 | 9 | Property Tax ⟦sold⟧ in the name of ⟦...⟧
File Number 1679
For the floor ⟦...⟧
12/22/979 | ⟦1978⟧ |
I have received from: ⟦The Community Funds Management Committee⟧
The amount written above, totaling: ⟦nine⟧ Dinars and ⟦190⟧ Fils
Signature of the Receiver: ⟦signature⟧
Job Title:
Date: 12/25/1979

Page 340

Form D.A. (3)
Ministry of Finance
General Revenues Directorate
Number 11251679
Date 22 / 8 / 1962
Account Memorandum (Additional Property Tax)
Estimates for the Year 60-1961 / Estimated
Name of Taxpayer: Paul Ojam Munshi Saba
Place of Residence (Quarter): ⟦line⟧
Full Address: Al-Aqouliyah ⟦Al-Marmouniyah⟧
Main Place of Business: ⟦line⟧
Province or District or Sub-district: ⟦line⟧
Taxpayer Occupation: ⟦line⟧
Street No. | Door No. | Tapu Sequence | Property Location (Quarter) | Property Type and Description | Estimated Annual Property Income
Fils Dinars | Annual Property Income when a change in estimate occurs
Fils Dinars | Taxpayer's income from joint property
Fils Dinars | Remarks
127 | 65 |  | Tawrat | Property | 925
- |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Description
925
- |  |  |
Fils | Dinars
- | 925 | Total annual income
⟦line⟧ | 300 | Subtract personal allowance
- | 625 | Total annual income subject to property tax according to the following details.
Fils | Dinars | Tax Rate | Tax Amount
Fils Dinars
- | 625 | 3 % | 18 | 750
|  | 6 % |  |
|  | 10 % |  |
|  | 15 % |  |
- | 625 | Total | 18 | 750
General Remarks
Property Tax Office / ⟦...⟧
⟦signature⟧

Page 341

Number 65263
State Funds Collection Receipt
Accounting 38
Number 43
Department Name: ⟦Jewish Community Management Committee⟧
Fils | Dinar | Fee Type | Year to which fees belong | Installment
740 | 27 | Property Tax ⟦...⟧ | 1963 / 64 | ⟦...⟧
|  | File Number 1686 |  |
|  | Installment Number 754681 |  |
|  | 1963/12/23 |  |
I have received from: ⟦...⟧
The amount written above, totaling: ⟦Twenty-seven⟧ Dinars and 740 Fils
Collector's Signature:
Dated: ⟦23 / 12 / 1963⟧
Job Title:
Registered
⟦...⟧

Page 342

Form D. A. (3)
Ministry of Finance
General Revenues Directorate
Number: 1686 / 11254
Date: 22 / 10 / 1962
Account Memorandum (Additional Property Tax)
Estimates for the year 1958 / Estimated
Name of Taxpayer: Endowments of Mir Elias Hospital
Place of residence (Neighborhood):
Full address: Jewish Community
Main place of business: ⟦line⟧
Governorate, District, or Sub-district: ⟦line⟧
Taxpayer's profession:
Street
Number | Door
Number | Land Registry
Sequence | Property Location
Neighborhood | Property Type
and Description | Estimated Annual
Property Income
ID Fil | Annual Property Income when
a change in estimation occurs
ID Fil | Taxpayer's income from
joint property
ID Fil | Notes
|  |  | Building Reference |  |  | - 1112 |  | Sale
Fils | Dinars
Total annual income | - | 1112
Personal allowance deduction | ... | 300
Total annual income subject to property
tax according to the following details. | - | 812
Tax Rate | Tax Amount
ID Fil | ID Fil
3 % | 21 - | 700 -
6 % | 6 720 | 112 -
10 % |  |
15 % |  |
Total | 27 720 | 812 -
General Notes
Property Tax Office
⟦signature⟧

Page 343

State Money Collection Receipt
No: 65263
Accounting: 38
Department Name: ⟦...⟧
Editor 48
Fils | Dinar | Fee Type | Year Fees Belong To | Installment
800 | 24 | Real Estate Tax ⟦...⟧ | 1982 |
|  | File Number 1682 |  |
|  | ⟦...⟧ 754680 |  |
|  | ⟦...⟧ 1982/12/22 |  |
I have received from: ⟦...⟧
The amount recorded above which is: Twenty-four dinars and eight hundred fils
Date: 22 / 12 / 1982
Collector's Signature
Job Title

Page 344

Ministry of Finance
General Revenues Directorate
Number 11217/68
Date 22 / 12 / 1962
Account Memorandum (Additional Property Tax)
Assessments for the year 1962 / Estimated
Form P.T. (3)
Taxpayer Name: Administrator of Eliezer Sfeir Endowments
Place of residence (Neighborhood):
Full address: Al-Jadeed Street
Main place of business:
Brigade, District, or Sub-district:
Taxpayer's profession:
Street Number | Door Number | Tabu Sequence | Property Location Neighborhood | Property Type and Description | Estimated Annual Property Income Fils Dinar | Annual Property Income Upon Change in Assessment Fils Dinar | Taxpayer's Income from Shared Property Fils Dinar | Remarks
| 1528 |  | Al-Bab |  | - 1528 |  |  | Annual Income
Total Annual Income | - 1528
Personal Allowance Deduction | 300 ⟦...⟧
Total Annual Income Subject to Property Tax According to the Following Details. | - 1228
Dinar Fils | Tax Rate | Tax Amount Fils Dinar
700 - | 3 % | - 21
528 - | 6 % | 680 31
| 10 % |
| 15 % |
1228 - | Total | 680 52
General Remarks:
Copy to the Taxpayer Mr.: Administrator of Eliezer Sfeir Endowments
Signature of Receipt:
Property Tax Office: Al-Rusafa
Date of Receipt: 22 / 12 / 1962
⟦illegible⟧ and Security
⟦illegible⟧
Property Tax Office
Al-Rusafa

Page 345

Issue Number 62263
State Funds Collection Receipt
Accounting 38
Department Name: ⟦Rusafa Collection⟧
Fils | Dinar | Fee Type | Year to which fees belong | Installment
570 | 1 | Additional Real Estate Tax ⟦...⟧ | ⟦...⟧ | ⟦...⟧
|  | File Number 1690 |  |
|  | Until Request 754681 |  |
|  | 12/27/962 |  |
Received from: ⟦...⟧
The amount recorded above is: ⟦...⟧ Dinars and ⟦...⟧ Fils
On date: 12/25/962
Collector's Signature:
Job Title:
⟦The Budget⟧

Page 346

Ministry of Finance
General Revenues Directorate
Form D. A. (3)
Number 169 / 22
Date 22 / 10 / 1962
Account Memorandum (Additional Property Tax)
Assessments for the Year 1960 / Estimative
Name of Taxpayer: Heirs of Edward Samuel Hayim Youssef
Place of Residence (Quarter): ⟦...⟧
Full Address: ⟦...⟧
Main Place of Work:
Governorate, District or Sub-district: Baghdad
Taxpayer's Profession:
Street No. | Door No. | Tapu Sequence | Property Location (Quarter) | Property Type and Description | Estimated Annual Property Income Fils Dinar | Annual Property Income if Assessment Changes Fils Dinar | Taxpayer's Income from Shared Property Fils Dinar | Remarks
94 | 192 |  | Swatah | House | - 220 |  |  |
2 | 194 |  | ⟦"⟧ | Warehouse | - 75 |  |  |
2 | 192 |  | ⟦"⟧ | ⟦"⟧ | - 24 |  |  |
4 | 194 |  | ⟦"⟧ | ⟦"⟧ |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | - 319 |  |  |
Total Annual Income: 319 -
Personal Allowance Deducted: 300 ...
Total Annual Income Subject to Property Tax according to the following details: 19 -
Fils Dinar | Tax Rate | Tax Amount Fils Dinar
- 19 | 3 % | 570 -
| 6 % |
| 10 % |
| 15 % |
Total | - 19 | 570 -
General Remarks
Property Tax Department
⟦signature⟧

Page 347

Accounting 38
State Funds Collection Receipt
Volume Number 651663
Number ⟦...⟧
Department Name: ⟦State Real Estate⟧
Fils | Dinar | Type of Fees | Year to which fees belong | Installment
630 | 18 | Inspection and Addition Fee ⟦...⟧ |  |
|  | File Number 8668 |  |
|  | Property Tax 754680 |  |
|  | 22 / 12 / 967 |  |
I have received from: ⟦Committee for the Administration of the Assets of the Mosaic Community⟧
The amount written above, totaling: ⟦eighteen⟧ dinars and ⟦six hundred and thirty⟧ fils
Signature of the Receiver: ⟦signature⟧
Job Title:
Dated: 25 / 12 / 967

Page 348

Ministry of Finance
General Revenue Directorate
Form D. A. (3)
Calculation Note (Additional Property Tax)
Year 1960 Estimates / Estimated
Notice Receipt
Matching ⟦...⟧
Street No. | Door No. | Tapu Sequence | Property Location / District | Property Type and Description | Estimated Annual Property Income
Fils Dinar | Annual Property Income Upon Change in Estimation
Fils Dinar | Taxpayer's Income from Shared Property
Fils Dinar | Remarks
|  |  |  | By the official Heskel Shemesh
Inside the file | Statement
921 - |  |  | Private
Total Annual Income | 921 -
Personal allowance is deducted | 300 ...
Total annual income subject to property tax according to the following details. | 621 -
Fils Dinar | Tax Rate | Tax Amount
Fils Dinar
621 - | 3% | 18 630
| 6% |
| 10% |
| 15% |
621 - | Total | 18 630
Property Tax Department
On behalf of /
10 / 12

Page 349

65263
State Revenue Collection Receipt
Accounting 38
Number 47
Department Name: Rusafa Real Estate
Fils | Dinar | Fee Type | Year to which fees belong | Installment
260 | 92 | Real Estate Tax ⟦...⟧ |  |
|  | Additional Fee ⟦...⟧ |  |
|  | Notification Number ⟦...⟧ |  |
|  | Concerning Request ⟦...⟧ |  |
|  | 22 / 12 / 1962 |  |
I received from: Rabbi Ezekiel Harun Sasson
The amount written above, totaling: Ninety-two dinars and two hundred and sixty fils
Signature of the collector:
Date: 22 / 12 / 1962
Job title:
Al-Darai

Page 350

Ministry of Finance
General Directorate of Revenue
Number 1671 / 257
Date 22 / 10 / 1962
Form D. A. (3)
Calculation Note (Additional Property Tax)
Estimates for the year 1960 / Estimative
Name of taxpayer: Responsible ⟦for the community⟧ Rabbi Sassoon Khedhouri
Place of residence (Quarter): Baghdad
Full address: ⟦Near⟧ ⟦Al-Sa'dun⟧ School
Main place of work:
Liwa, Qada, or Nahiyah:
Taxpayer's profession:
Street No. | Door No. | Tapu Sequence | Property Location Quarter | Property Type and Description | Estimated Annual Property Income (Fils / Dinar) | Annual Property Income upon change in estimate (Fils / Dinar) | Taxpayer's Income from joint property (Fils / Dinar) | Remarks
|  |  | Based on information in the form | Receipt of papers | 600 / 2127 | 600 / 2127 Door |  | Special
Total annual income | 600 | 2127
Subtract personal allowance | 000 | 300
Total annual income subject to property tax according to the following details. | 600 | 1827
Fils (Income) | Dinar (Income) | Tax Rate | Tax Amount Fils | Tax Amount Dinar
- | 700 | 3% | - | 21
- | 1000 | 6% | - | 60
600 | 127 | 10% | 760 | 12
|  | 15% |  |
600 | 1827 | Total | 760 | 93
General Remarks
Property Tax Department ⟦...⟧
Abdul Kazem ⟦Aziz⟧
12 / 10